36 lines
1.9 KiB
Markdown
36 lines
1.9 KiB
Markdown
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# Operating System
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Operating System (OS) is normally a hugely complex program that's typically installed before any other program and serves as a platform for running other programs as well as managing resources (CPU usage, [RAM](ram.md), [files](file.md), [network](network.md), ...) and offering services and interfaces for humans and programs.
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There is a nice [CC0](cc0.md) wiki for OS development at https://wiki.osdev.org/.
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From programmer's point of view a serious OS is one of the most difficult pieces of software one can pursue to develop. The task involves an enormous amount of [low-level](low_level.md) programming, development of own tools from scratch and requires deep and detailed knowledge of all components of a computer, of established standards as well as many theoretical subjects such as [compiler](compiler.md) design.
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An OS, as a software, consists of two main parts:
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- **[kernel](kernel.md)**: The base/core of the system, running in the most privileged mode, offering an environment for user applications.
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- **[userland](userland.md) (applications)**: The set of programs running on top of the kernel. These run in lower-privileged mode and use the services offered by the kernel via so called [system calls](syscall.md).
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For example in GNU/Linux, [Linux](linux.md) is the kernel and [GNU](gnu.md) is the userland.
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## Attributes/Features
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TODO
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## Notable Operating Systems
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Below are some of the most notable OSes.
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- [Android](android.md)
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- [BSD](bsd.md) systems such as [OpenBSD](openbsd.md) and [freeBSD](freebsd.md)
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- [Collapse OS](collapseos.md)
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- [DOS](dos.md), [FreeDOS](freedos.md)
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- [GNU](gnu.md)/[Linux](linux.md) systems encompassing many [distributions](distro.md)
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- [MacOS](macos.md)
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- [Plan 9](plan9.md)
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- [ReactOS](reactos.md)
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- [Replicant](replicant.md)
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- [Solaris](solaris.md)
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- [TempleOS](templeos.md)
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- [Unix](unix.md)
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- [Windows](windows.md)
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