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13 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
2 years ago
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# Fork
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Fork is a branch that splits from the main branch of a project and continues to develop in a different direction as a separate version of that project, possibly becoming a completely new one. This may happen with any "intellectual work" or idea such as [software](software.md), movement, theory, literary universe or, for example, [database](database.md). Forks may later be *merged* back into the original project or continue and diverge far away, forks of different projects may also combine into a single project as well.
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For example the [Android](android.md) [operating system](os.md) and [Linux-libre](linux_libre.md) [kernel](kernel.md) have both been forked from [Linux](linux.md). [Linux distributions](distro.md) highly utilize forking, e.g. [Devuan](devuan.md) or [Ubuntu](ubuntu.md) and [Mint](mint.md) are forked from [Debian](debian.md). [Free software movement](free_software.md) was forked into [open source](open_source.md), [free culture](free_culture.md) and [suckless](suckless.md), and suckless was more or less forked into [LRS](lrs.md). [Wikipedia](wikipedia.md) also has forks such as [Metapedia](metapedia.md). [Memes](meme.md) evolve a lot on the basis of forking.
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Forking takes advantage of the ability to freely duplicate [information](information.md), i.e. if someone sees how to improve an intellectual work or use it in a novel way, he may simply copy it and start developing it in a new diverging direction while the original continues to exist and going its own way. That is **unless copying and modification of information is artificially prevented**, e.g. by [intellectual property](intellectual_property.md) laws or purposeful obscurity standing in the way of remixing. For this reason forking is very popular in [free culture](free_culture.md) and [free software](free_software.md) where it is allowed both legally and practically -- in fact it plays a very important role there.
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In software development temporary forking is used for implementing individual features which, when completed, are merged back into the main branch. This is called **[branching](branch.md)** and is supported by [version control systems](vcs.md) such as [git](git.md).
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**Is forking good?** Yes, to create anything new it is basically necessary to build on top of someone else's work, stand on someone else's shoulders. Some people criticize too much forking; for example some cry about [Linux](linux.md) [distro](distro.md) fragmentation, they say there are too many of them and that people should rather focus their energy on creating a single or at least fewer good operating system. [LRS](lrs.md) supports any kind of wild forking and experimentation, we believe the exploration of many directions to be necessary in order to find the right one.
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In fact we think forking should be incorporated on a much more basic level, in the way that the [suckless](suckless.md) community popularized. In suckless **everyone's copy of software is a personal fork**, i.e. software is distributed in source form and is so extremely easy to compile and modify that every user is supposed to do this as part of the installation process (even if he isn't a programmer). Before compilation user applies his own selected patches, custom changes and specific configuration (which is done in the source code itself) that are unique to that user and which form source code that is the user's personal fork. Some of these personal forks may even become popular and copied by other users, leading to further development of these forks and possible natural rise of very different software. This should lead to natural selection, survival and development of the good and useful forks.
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