drummyfish/less_retarded_wiki
5
2
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Projects Releases Packages Wiki Activity

Update

Browse source
This commit is contained in:
Miloslav Ciz 2024-11-14 20:34:08 +01:00
parent da00222f76
commit 0266d219be
18 changed files with 1971 additions and 1931 deletions
Show stats Download patch file Download diff file Expand all files Collapse all files

6
algorithm.md
View file

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# Algorithm # Algorithm
Algorithm (from the name of Persian mathematician Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi) is an exact step-by-step description of how to solve some type of a problem. Algorithms are basically what [programming](programming.md) is all about: we tell [computers](computer.md), in very exact ways (with [programming languages](programming_language.md)), how to solve problems -- we write algorithms. But algorithms don't have to be just computer programs, they are simply exact instruction for solving problems. Although maybe not as obvious, [mathematics](math.md) is also a lot about creating algorithms because it strives to give us exact instructions for solving problems -- a mathematical formula usually tells us what we have to do to compute something, so in a way it is an algorithm too. Algorithm (from the name of Persian mathematician Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi) is an exact step-by-step description of how to solve some type of a problem. Algorithms are basically what [programming](programming.md) is all about: we tell [computers](computer.md), in very exact ways (with [programming languages](programming_language.md)), how to solve problems -- we write algorithms. But algorithms don't have to be just computer programs, they are simply exact, simple instruction for solving problems. Although maybe not as obvious, [mathematics](math.md) is also a lot about creating algorithms because it strives to give us exact instructions for solving problems -- a mathematical formula usually tells us (not explicitly but in an implied way) what we have to do to compute something, so in a way it is an algorithm too. A "series of steps" is a [good enough](good_enough.md) definition of algorithm for everyday use, however for [computer scientists](compsci.md) there is a much more precise, mathematical definition, which states that algorithm is that which can be represented by a [Turing machine](turing_machine.md).
Cooking recipes are commonly given as an example of a non-computer algorithm, though they rarely contain branching ("if condition holds then do...") and loops ("while a condition holds do ..."), the key features of algorithms. The so called wall-follower is a simple algorithm to get out of any [maze](maze.md) which doesn't have any disconnected walls: you just pick either a left-hand or right-hand wall and then keep following it. Long division of numbers which students are taught at school is also an algorithm. You may write a crazy algorithm basically for any kind of problem, e.g. for how to clean a room or how to get a [girl](woman.md) to bed, but it has to be **precise** so that anyone can execute the algorithm just by blindly following the steps; if there is any ambiguity, it is not considered an algorithm; a vague, imprecise "hint" on how to find a solution (e.g. "the airport is somewhere in this general direction.") we rather call a [heuristic](heuristic.md). Heuristics are useful too and they may be utilized by an algorithm, e.g. to find a precise solution faster, but from programmer's point of view algorithms, the PRECISE ways of finding solutions, are the basics of everything. Cooking recipes are commonly given as an example of a non-computer algorithm, though they rarely contain branching ("if condition holds then do...") and loops ("while a condition holds do ..."), the key features of algorithms. The so called wall-follower is a simple algorithm to get out of any [maze](maze.md) which doesn't have any disconnected walls: you just pick either a left-hand or right-hand wall and then keep following it. Long division of numbers which students are taught at school is also an algorithm. You may write a crazy algorithm basically for any kind of problem, e.g. for how to clean a room or how to get a [girl](woman.md) to bed, but it has to be **precise** so that anyone can execute the algorithm just by blindly following the steps; if there is any ambiguity, it is not considered an algorithm; a vague, imprecise "hint" on how to find a solution (e.g. "the airport is somewhere in this general direction.") we rather call a [heuristic](heuristic.md). Heuristics are useful too and they may be utilized by an algorithm, e.g. to find a precise solution faster, but from programmer's point of view algorithms, the PRECISE ways of finding solutions, are the basics of everything.
@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ Algorithms are mostly (possibly [not always](declarative.md), depending on exact
- **selection** (branches, *if-then-else*): Two branches (blocks of instructions) preceded by a condition; the first branch is executed only if the condition holds, the second ("else") branch is executed only if the condition doesn't hold (e.g. "If user password is correct, log the user in, otherwise print out an error."). The second branch is optional (it may remain empty). - **selection** (branches, *if-then-else*): Two branches (blocks of instructions) preceded by a condition; the first branch is executed only if the condition holds, the second ("else") branch is executed only if the condition doesn't hold (e.g. "If user password is correct, log the user in, otherwise print out an error."). The second branch is optional (it may remain empty).
- **iteration** (loops, repetition): Sequence of steps that's repeated as long as certain condition holds (e.g. "As long as end of file is not reached, read and print out the next character from the file."). - **iteration** (loops, repetition): Sequence of steps that's repeated as long as certain condition holds (e.g. "As long as end of file is not reached, read and print out the next character from the file.").
Note: in a wider sense algorithms may be expressed in other (mathematically equivalent) ways than sequences of steps (non-[imperative](imperative.md) ways, see [declarative languages](declarative.md)), even mathematical equations are often called algorithms because they *imply* the steps towards solving a problem. But we'll stick to the common narrow meaning of algorithm given above. Note: as already said above, in a wider sense algorithms may be expressed in other (mathematically equivalent) ways than sequences of steps (non-[imperative](imperative.md) ways, see [declarative languages](declarative.md)), even mathematical equations may be called algorithms. But now we'll stick to the common narrow meaning of algorithm given above.
Additional constructs can be introduced to make programming more comfortable, e.g. [subroutines/functions](function.md) (kind of small subprograms that the main program uses for solving the problem), [macros](macro.md) (shorthand commands that represent multiple commands) or [switch](switch.md) statements (selection but with more than two branches). Loops are also commonly divided into several types such as: counted loops, loops with condition and the beginning, loops with condition at the end and infinite loops (`for`, `while`, `do while` and `while (1)` in [C](c.md), respectively) -- in theory there can only be one generic type of loop but for convenience programming languages normally offer different "templates" for commonly used loops. Similarly to mathematical equations, algorithms make use of [variables](variable.md), i.e. values which can change and which have a specific name (such as *x* or *myVariable*). Additional constructs can be introduced to make programming more comfortable, e.g. [subroutines/functions](function.md) (kind of small subprograms that the main program uses for solving the problem), [macros](macro.md) (shorthand commands that represent multiple commands) or [switch](switch.md) statements (selection but with more than two branches). Loops are also commonly divided into several types such as: counted loops, loops with condition and the beginning, loops with condition at the end and infinite loops (`for`, `while`, `do while` and `while (1)` in [C](c.md), respectively) -- in theory there can only be one generic type of loop but for convenience programming languages normally offer different "templates" for commonly used loops. Similarly to mathematical equations, algorithms make use of [variables](variable.md), i.e. values which can change and which have a specific name (such as *x* or *myVariable*).
Practical programming is based on expressing algorithms via [text](text.md), but visual programming is also possible: [flowcharts](flowchart.md) are a way of visually expressing algorithms, you have probably seen some. [Decision trees](decision_tree.md) are special cases of algorithms that have no loops, you have probably seen some too. Even though some languages (mostly educational such as [Snap](snap.md)) are visual and similar to flow charts, it is not practical to create big algorithms in this way -- serious programs are written as a text in [programming languages](programming_language.md). Practical programming is based on expressing algorithms via [text](text.md) in [programming languages](programming_language.md), but visual programming is also possible: [flowcharts](flowchart.md) are a way of visually expressing algorithms, you have probably seen some. [Decision trees](decision_tree.md) are special cases of algorithms that have no loops, you have probably seen some too. Even though some languages (mostly educational such as [Snap](snap.md)) are visual and similar to flow charts, it is not practical to create big algorithms in this way -- serious programs are written as a text in [programming languages](programming_language.md).
## Example ## Example

2
ashley_jones.md
View file

@ -23,6 +23,6 @@ Her website is newly at **[https://dukenukemis.cool](https://dukenukemis.cool)**
*Ashley is such a cutie.* *Ashley is such a cutie.*
**Why is she so based?** For example for the following reasons { Note that this is purely my interpretation of what I've seen/read on her website. ~drummyfish }: She is a pretty, biological woman (i.e. NOT some kind of angry [trans](tranny.md) [landwhale](fat.md)) BUT she shits on [feminism](feminism.md) and acknowledges plain facts about women such as that they usually need to be "put in line" (with [love](love.md)) by a man and that they are simply different. She makes a nice, ACTUALLY ENTERTAINING, well made politically incorrect stuff, her art is sincere, not trying to pretend anything or ride on some kind of fashion wave. She is VERY talented at comedy, hosts her OWN video website with a modest fan following and even though on [Jewtube](youtube.md) she could get hundred thousand times more followers and make a fortune, she doesn't do it because that would compromise her art and prevent her from doing what she really wants to do -- in fact recently she started to depart more into other topics, like technology repair, which probably in terms of popularity rather "hurts the numbers", but she just does it because it's what she likes and wants to do, it can be seen that she doesn't lust for simple popularity but rather for sharing truly interesting stuff. She does ask for donations but refuses to monetize her content with [ads](marketing.md) or [paywalls](paywall.md), creating a nice, pure, oldschool place on the Internet looks to truly be the one thing she's aiming for. She makes [fun](fun.md) of herself (like that she has a crush on [Duke Nukem](duke3d.md) lol), masterfully plays along with jokes blatantly sexualizing her and does some cool stuff like post measurements of her asshole and finding her porn lookalikes for the fanbase. It looks like she possesses some skills with technology (at least [Luke Smith](luke_smith.md) level), she supports [free software](free_software.md). She acknowledges the insanity of [pedophile](pedophilia.md) hysteria and proposes lowering age of consent (despite saying she was NOT a pedophile herself). She wants to normalize nudity, and doesn't shave her legs, she discourages makeup for females. Her website is quite nice, 1.0 style, with high [LRS](lrs_wiki.md)/[4chan](4chan.md)/[Dramatica](dramatica.md) vibes, there are "offensive" jokes but she stresses she in fact doesn't encourage violence, real racism and that she's not an extremist -- in one video she says she dislikes transsexuals and wants to make fun of gays but that in fact she doesn't mind any individual being gay or whatever, basically just opposing the political movements, propaganda, brainwashing etcetc., i.e. showing the exact same kind of attitude as us. She also understands Internet [culture](culture.md) and things like [trolling](trolling.md) being part of it -- in one video she clearly separates Internet and [real life](irl.md) and says you "can't apply real life logic on the Internet", that's very mature. By this she for example supports consensual incest. She even freaking has her own imageboard that's by the way very good (although now she says it's mostly occupied by retards, but she still keeps it running for them, that's very [selfless](selflessness.md)). She advocates [piracy](piracy.md) instead of giving money to [corporations](corporation.md): extremely based. She seems to see through propaganda and brainwashing, she says she does "not accept the reality" forced on her by this society, something we say and do as well, she shits on vaccines and likes cool "conspiracy theories". Yes, she seems SMART, she sees the power game of the elites, the propaganda, warns about it, shits on it. She seems to know how to write [English](english.md) without making 10 errors in every word. She advocates ETHICAL veganism, to spare animals of suffering. She hates [Elon Musk](elon_musk.md). She advocates not using cellphones and mainstream social networks. She does NOT have any [tattoos](tattoo.md). However, while all of these individual things are very nice, the **most important part**, and the one that basically matters above having certain opinion or demonstrating coolness in some way, is simply this: **she makes her own opinions**. As she states on the website, she doesn't accept any prefabricated "package of opinions", she thinks about things herself and makes HER OWN fucking decisions regardless of whether that leaves her alienated from the rest of human on the planet, and that's where all the coolness comes from -- this is the most important lesson Ashley can teach us. **Why is she so based?** For example for the following reasons { Note that this is purely my interpretation of what I've seen/read on her website. ~drummyfish }: She is a pretty, biological woman (i.e. NOT some kind of angry [trans](tranny.md) [landwhale](fat.md)) BUT she shits on [feminism](feminism.md) and acknowledges plain facts about women such as that they usually need to be "put in line" (with [love](love.md)) by a man and that they are simply different. She makes a nice, ACTUALLY ENTERTAINING, well made politically incorrect stuff, her art is sincere, not trying to pretend anything or ride on some kind of fashion wave. { NOTE: Ashley pointed out that her site is NOT an art project or "social experiment". Indeed, this is not the intended meaning of the word "art" here, we simply mean "work" or "creation", just to make it clear. At LRS we kind of hate the word [work](work.md) so we often say "art" instead. ~drummyfish } She is VERY talented at comedy, hosts her OWN video website with a modest fan following and even though on [Jewtube](youtube.md) she could get hundred thousand times more followers and make a fortune, she doesn't do it because that would compromise her art and prevent her from doing what she really wants to do -- in fact recently she started to depart more into other topics, like technology repair, which probably in terms of popularity rather "hurts the numbers", but she just does it because it's what she likes and wants to do, it can be seen that she doesn't lust for simple popularity but rather for sharing truly interesting stuff. She does ask for donations but refuses to monetize her content with [ads](marketing.md) or [paywalls](paywall.md), creating a nice, pure, oldschool place on the Internet looks to truly be the one thing she's aiming for. She makes [fun](fun.md) of herself (like that she has a crush on [Duke Nukem](duke3d.md) lol), masterfully plays along with jokes blatantly sexualizing her and does some cool stuff like post measurements of her asshole and finding her porn lookalikes for the fanbase. It looks like she possesses some skills with technology (at least [Luke Smith](luke_smith.md) level), she supports [free software](free_software.md). She acknowledges the insanity of [pedophile](pedophilia.md) hysteria and proposes lowering age of consent (despite saying she was NOT a pedophile herself). She wants to normalize nudity, and doesn't shave her legs, she discourages makeup for females. Her website is quite nice, 1.0 style, with high [LRS](lrs_wiki.md)/[4chan](4chan.md)/[Dramatica](dramatica.md) vibes, there are "offensive" jokes but she stresses she in fact doesn't encourage violence, real racism and that she's not an extremist -- in one video she says she dislikes transsexuals and wants to make fun of gays but that in fact she doesn't mind any individual being gay or whatever, basically just opposing the political movements, propaganda, brainwashing etcetc., i.e. showing the exact same kind of attitude as us. She also understands Internet [culture](culture.md) and things like [trolling](trolling.md) being part of it -- in one video she clearly separates Internet and [real life](irl.md) and says you "can't apply real life logic on the Internet", that's very mature. By this she for example supports consensual incest. She even freaking has her own imageboard that's by the way very good (although now she says it's mostly occupied by retards, but she still keeps it running for them, that's very [selfless](selflessness.md)). She advocates [piracy](piracy.md) instead of giving money to [corporations](corporation.md): extremely based. She seems to see through propaganda and brainwashing, she says she does "not accept the reality" forced on her by this society, something we say and do as well, she shits on vaccines and likes cool "conspiracy theories". Yes, she seems SMART, she sees the power game of the elites, the propaganda, warns about it, shits on it. She seems to know how to write [English](english.md) without making 10 errors in every word. She advocates ETHICAL veganism, to spare animals of suffering. She hates [Elon Musk](elon_musk.md). She advocates not using cellphones and mainstream social networks. She does NOT have any [tattoos](tattoo.md). However, while all of these individual things are very nice, the **most important part**, and the one that basically matters above having certain opinion or demonstrating coolness in some way, is simply this: **she makes her own opinions**. As she states on the website, she doesn't accept any prefabricated "package of opinions", she thinks about things herself and makes HER OWN fucking decisions regardless of whether that leaves her alienated from the rest of human on the planet, and that's where all the coolness comes from -- this is the most important lesson Ashley can teach us.
Sure, [we](lrs.md) find disagreements with her, for example on the question of [privacy](privacy.md), but if we call [Diogenes](diogenes.md) a based man and [Encyclopedia Dramatica](dramatica.md) a based website, we also have to admit Ashley Jones is a based woman and her website is likewise no less cool. At least at the time when this article was written. Even if she gets spoiled and one days turns 180 degrees from everything she stood for, the image of what she was will remain for others as an example, she is an original thinker and created something greater than a human can be: an immortal imagine of what one can hope to be. Sure, [we](lrs.md) find disagreements with her, for example on the question of [privacy](privacy.md), but if we call [Diogenes](diogenes.md) a based man and [Encyclopedia Dramatica](dramatica.md) a based website, we also have to admit Ashley Jones is a based woman and her website is likewise no less cool. At least at the time when this article was written. Even if she gets spoiled and one days turns 180 degrees from everything she stood for, the image of what she was will remain for others as an example, she is an original thinker and created something greater than a human can be: an immortal imagine of what one can hope to be.

106
chess.md
View file

@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ Fun fact: there seem to be **almost no black people in [chess](chess.md)** :D th
{ [This](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DpXy041BIlA) is an absolutely amazing video about weird chess algorithms :) And here is a very lovely article about someone's memories of his old competitive chess program: https://www.lkessler.com/brutefor.shtml. ~drummyfish } { [This](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DpXy041BIlA) is an absolutely amazing video about weird chess algorithms :) And here is a very lovely article about someone's memories of his old competitive chess program: https://www.lkessler.com/brutefor.shtml. ~drummyfish }
Computers not only help people play chess, train their skills, analyze positions and perform research of games, but they also allow mathematical analysis of the game of chess itself and present a platform for things such as [artificial intelligence](ai.md). Knowledge gained from programming chess engines can then be applied in other areas as well. Since the dawn of the computer era computer chess has been a topic of passion and interest to [computer scientists](compsci.md) and [programmers](programming.md) -- not just because nerds usually love both chess and computer and it's only natural they will desire to combine the two, and not only because making a machine beat human at the most famous and iconic of all intellectual games is just a great and symbolic achievement in itself, but also because computer chess is just so much [fun](fun.md). For example you may let various engines play against each other, just sit back and make your own mini computer engine tournament, compare the strength of your engines, let them play from funny starting positions, let a strong engine with material handicap play a weak engine, program a strong engine to play the worst moves possible or program it completely arbitrary or weird goals such as that it can only checkmate with a pawn or that it will just want to place all its pieces on white squares, and then watch it try hard to achieve the goal. It's endless joy. [Computers](computer.md) not only help people play chess, train their skills, analyze positions and perform research of games, but they also allow mathematical analysis of the game of chess itself and present a platform for things such as [artificial intelligence](ai.md). Knowledge gained from programming chess engines can then be applied in other areas as well. Since the dawn of the computer era computer chess has been a topic of passion and interest to [computer scientists](compsci.md) and [programmers](programming.md) -- not just because nerds usually love both chess and computer and it's only natural they will desire to combine the two, and not only because making a machine beat human at the most famous and iconic of all intellectual games is just a great and symbolic achievement in itself, but also because computer chess is just so much [fun](fun.md). For example you may let various engines play against each other, just sit back and make your own mini computer engine tournament, compare the strength of your engines, let them play from funny starting positions, let a strong engine with material handicap play a weak engine, program a strong engine to play the worst moves possible or program it completely arbitrary or weird goals such as that it can only checkmate with a pawn or that it will just want to place all its pieces on white squares, and then watch it try hard to achieve the goal. It's endless joy.
**Chess [software](software.md)** is usually separated to **[libraries](library.md)**, **chess engines** and **[frontends](frontend.md)**. Library is just that -- a programming library that will help a programmer create some kind of chess program. Chess engine on the other hand is a complete program whose main purpose is to compute good chess moves, it is typically a [CLI](cli.md) program capable of playing chess but also doing other things such as evaluating arbitrary positions, hinting best moves, saving and loading games etc. -- commonly the engine has some kind of custom CLI interface (flags, interactive commands it understands, ...) plus a support of some standardized text communication protocol, most notably XBoard (older one, more [KISS](kiss.md)) and/or UCI (newer, more [bloated](bloat.md)). It is also a must for an engine to support other standard formats such as **FEN** (Forsyth–Edwards notation, way of encoding a chess position as a text string), **PGN** (portable game notation, way of encoding games as text strings) etc. And then there are frontends (also called *boards*) -- these are, almost by definition, [GUI](gui.md) programs that help people interact with the underlying engine (and do other things like play against other humans, annotate games and so on). There may also exist other kind of programs, e.g. tournament managers that will automatically run a tournament of several chess engines, calculate their strength etc. As seen, the chess "ecosystem" is pretty modular (it is possible to easily drop-in replace any part of your chess system as they are all just black boxes with the same interface) and the whole system is based on standardized, relatively simple plain text protocols, i.e. this is all very close to [Unix philosophy](unix_philosophy.md) and [good design](lrs.md). This is an example of how games should be implemented. **Chess [software](software.md)** is usually separated to **[libraries](library.md)**, **chess engines** and **[frontends](frontend.md)**. Library is just that -- a programming library that will help a programmer create some kind of chess program. Chess engine on the other hand is a complete program whose main purpose is to compute good chess moves, it is typically a [CLI](cli.md) program capable of playing chess but also doing other things such as evaluating arbitrary positions, hinting best moves, saving and loading games etc. -- commonly the engine has some kind of custom CLI interface (flags, interactive commands it understands, ...) plus a support of some standardized text communication protocol, most notably XBoard (older one, more [KISS](kiss.md)) and/or UCI (newer, more [bloated](bloat.md)). It is also a must for an engine to support other standard formats such as **FEN** (Forsyth–Edwards notation, way of encoding a chess position as a text string), **PGN** (portable game notation, way of encoding games as text strings) etc. And then there are frontends (also called *boards*) -- these are, almost by definition, [GUI](gui.md) programs that help people interact with the underlying engine (and do other things like play against other humans, annotate games and so on). There may also exist other kind of programs, e.g. tournament managers that will automatically run a tournament of several chess engines, calculate their strength etc. As seen, the chess "ecosystem" is pretty modular (it is possible to easily drop-in replace any part of your chess system as they are all just black boxes with the same interface) and the whole system is based on standardized, relatively simple plain text protocols, i.e. this is all very close to [Unix philosophy](unix_philosophy.md) and [good design](lrs.md). This is an example of how games should be implemented.
@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ Here are some notable chess engines/computers/entities, as of 2024:
- **Magnus Carlsen**: Human, most likely the strongest player ever, has been quite comfortably winning every tournament he entered including the world championship until he quit, basically because he got "bored". His top FIDE Elo was 2882. - **Magnus Carlsen**: Human, most likely the strongest player ever, has been quite comfortably winning every tournament he entered including the world championship until he quit, basically because he got "bored". His top FIDE Elo was 2882.
- **Komodo Dragon**: [Proprietary](proprietary.md), currently seems to be the second strongest engine, its main feature is [Monte Carlo] ("randomized") search algorithm. Current CCRL Elo is 3624. - **Komodo Dragon**: [Proprietary](proprietary.md), currently seems to be the second strongest engine, its main feature is [Monte Carlo] ("randomized") search algorithm. Current CCRL Elo is 3624.
- **Hikaru Nakamura**: Human, popularly considered "the second best" right after Magnus (who the mainstream likes to see as his biggest "rival") -- although this is not really so clear, he is definitely among the very top (his peak rating was 2816); We mention him here for his style of play: he likes to [troll](trolling.md) and do various lulz even on high level, many hate him for it. Some say he is a bit of a dick but his chess is definitely extremely entertaining. He also often plays strong computer engines, which is something that Magnus refuses to do (for commercial reasons Magnus only plays his shitty mobile "[app](app.md)"), so thanks to Nakamura we can really watch the best humans play the best computers. - **Hikaru Nakamura**: Human, popularly considered "the second best" right after Magnus (who the mainstream likes to see as his biggest "rival") -- although this is not really so clear, he is definitely among the very top (his peak rating was 2816); We mention him here for his style of play: he likes to [troll](trolling.md) and do various lulz even on high level, many hate him for it. Some say he is a bit of a dick but his chess is definitely extremely entertaining. He also often plays strong computer engines, which is something that Magnus refuses to do (for commercial reasons Magnus only plays his shitty mobile "[app](app.md)"), so thanks to Nakamura we can really watch the best humans play the best computers.
- **Bobby Fischer**: [American](usa.md) player of the 20th century who is now dead already but who used to be, and by some still is, considered the best player of all time, although objectively speaking he probably isn't as good as some of the top today's players -- anyway he was funny in that he turned kind of [schizo](schizo.md) later on and started to make some lulz, which was yet amplified by the fact that he took part in the great cold war intellectual battle with Soviet Russia, his match against Spassky became legendary, it was extremely tense and also funny (look it up).
- **[Leela Chess Zero](lc0.md)** (lc0): FOSS engine (written in C++), among top strongest engines (currently top 50 on CCRL), it is interesting mainly for how it works: it is a neural network engine that's **completely self-taught** from the ground up, i.e. it didn't learn chess by watching anyone else play, it was only allowed to learn by playing against itself. Current CCRL Elo is 3441. - **[Leela Chess Zero](lc0.md)** (lc0): FOSS engine (written in C++), among top strongest engines (currently top 50 on CCRL), it is interesting mainly for how it works: it is a neural network engine that's **completely self-taught** from the ground up, i.e. it didn't learn chess by watching anyone else play, it was only allowed to learn by playing against itself. Current CCRL Elo is 3441.
- **[Deep Blue](deep_blue.md)**: A historically famous supercomputer, the first one to have beaten the human world chess champion in 1997. - **[Deep Blue](deep_blue.md)**: A historically famous supercomputer, the first one to have beaten the human world chess champion in 1997.
- **[GNU chess](gnu_chess.md)** Free engine by [GNU](gnu.md), not among absolute top by strength but still very strong. Current CCRL Elo is 2825. - **[GNU chess](gnu_chess.md)** Free engine by [GNU](gnu.md), not among absolute top by strength but still very strong. Current CCRL Elo is 2825.
@ -124,6 +125,57 @@ Here are some notable chess engines/computers/entities, as of 2024:
- **Turochamp**: Probably the first chess program ever, made by David Champernowne and [Alan Turing](turing.md) himself in 1948, in times when computers still couldn't execute it! It was very primitive, looking only two moves ahead, and was only ever executed manually -- of course, it got raped pretty bad the human opponent. - **Turochamp**: Probably the first chess program ever, made by David Champernowne and [Alan Turing](turing.md) himself in 1948, in times when computers still couldn't execute it! It was very primitive, looking only two moves ahead, and was only ever executed manually -- of course, it got raped pretty bad the human opponent.
- ... - ...
## Rules
The exact rules of chess and their scope may depend on situation, this is just a sum up of rules generally used nowadays. Nowadays the official rules are considered to be those defined by FIDE.
The start setup of a chessboard is following (lowercase letters are for black men, uppercase for white men, on a board with colored squares A1 is black):
```
_______________
/8 |r n b q k b n r|
r | 7 |p p p p p p p p|
a | 6 |. . . . . . . .|
n | 5 |. . . . . . . .|
k | 4 |. . . . . . . .|
s | 3 |. . . . . . . .|
| 2 |P P P P P P P P|
\1 |R N B Q K B N R|
"""""""""""""""
A B C D E F G H
\_____________/
files
```
Players take turns in making moves, white always starts. A move consists of moving one (or in special cases two) of own men from one square to another, possibly capturing (removing from the board) one opponent's man -- except for a special *en passant* move capturing always happens by moving one man to the square occupied by the opposite color man (which gets removed). Of course no man can move to a square occupied by another man of the same color. A move can NOT be skipped. A player wins by giving a **checkmate** to the opponent (making his king unable to escape attack) or if the opponent resigns. If a player is to move but has no valid moves, the game is a draw, so called **stalemate**. If neither player has enough men to give a checkmate, the game is a draw, so called **dead position**. There are additional situation in which game can be drawn (threefold repetition of position, 50 move rule). Players can also agree to a draw. A player may also be declared a loser if he cheated, if he lost on time in a game with clock etc.
The individual men and their movement rules are (no man can move beyond another, except for knight who jumps over other men):
| man | symbol | ~value | movement | comment |
| -------------- | -------| ------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------ | --------------------- |
| pawn | P | 1 |1F, may also 2F from start, captures 1F1L or 1F1R, also *en passant*| promotes on last row |
| knight | N | 3 |L-shape (2U1L, 2U1R, 2R1U, 2R1D, 2D1R, 2D1L, 2L1U, 2L1D), jumps over| |
| bishop | B | 3.25 | any distance diagonally |stays on same color sq.|
| rook | R | 5 | any distance orthogonally (U, R, D or L) |can reach all sq. |
| queen | Q | 9 | like both bishop and rook |strongest piece |
| king | K | inf | any of 8 neighboring squares | |
{ Cool players call knights *horses* or *ponies* and pawns *peasants*, rook may be called a *tower* and bishop a *sniper* as he often just sits on the main diagonal and shoot pieces that wonder through. Also pronounce *en passant* as "en peasant". Nakamura just calls all pieces a *juicer*. ~drummyfish }
**Check**: If the player's king is attacked, i.e. it is immediately possible for an enemy man to capture the king, the player is said to be in check. A player in check has to make such a move as to not be in check after that move.
A player cannot make a move that would leave him in check!
**Castling**: If a player hasn't castled yet and his king hasn't been moved yet and his kingside (queenside) rook hasn't been moved yet and there are no men between the king and the kingside (queenside) and the king isn't and wouldn't be in check on his square or any square he will pass through or land on during castling, short (long) castling can be performed. In short (long) castling the king moves two squares towards the kingside (queenside) rook and the rook jumps over the king to the square immediately on the other side of the king.
**Promotion**: If a pawn reaches the 1st or 8th rank, it is promoted, i.e. it has to be switched for either queen, rook, bishop or knight of the same color.
**Checkmate**: If a player is in check but cannot make any move to get out of it, he is checkmated and lost.
**En passant** (aka "surprise motherfucker", pronounced as *en peasant*): If a pawn moves 2 squares forward (from the start position), in the immediate next move the opponent can take it with a pawn in the same way as if it only moved 1 square forward (the only case in which a man captures another man by landing on an empty square).
Threefold repetition is a rule allowing a player to claim a draw if the same position (men positions, player's turn, castling rights, en passant state) occurs three times (not necessarily consecutively). The 50 move rule allows a player to claim a draw if no pawn has moved and no man has been captured in last 50 moves (both players making their move counts as a single move here).
## Stats And Records ## Stats And Records
Chess stats are pretty [interesting](interesting.md). Thanks a lot e.g. to Lichess (and NOT thanks to fucking capitalist idiots like chess dot com) we have some great [public domain](public_domain.md) databases of billions of games played between both people and computers, and thanks to chess engines we can generate new and new on demand, so naturally many people create cool statistics, look for patterns and oddities. This can be very insightful and entertaining. Chess stats are pretty [interesting](interesting.md). Thanks a lot e.g. to Lichess (and NOT thanks to fucking capitalist idiots like chess dot com) we have some great [public domain](public_domain.md) databases of billions of games played between both people and computers, and thanks to chess engines we can generate new and new on demand, so naturally many people create cool statistics, look for patterns and oddities. This can be very insightful and entertaining.
@ -259,6 +311,7 @@ What's the **theoretically worst game possible**, and how to find out? This is e
290. Na4+ Kc1 291. Nb2 Nxb2+ 292. Kc3 Na4+ 293. Kd3 Nc5+ 294. Kc3 Na4+ 295. Kd3 Nc5+ 290. Na4+ Kc1 291. Nb2 Nxb2+ 292. Kc3 Na4+ 293. Kd3 Nc5+ 294. Kc3 Na4+ 295. Kd3 Nc5+
296. Kc3 Ne4+ 297. Kd3 Nf2+ 298. Kc3 Ne4+ 299. Kd3 Nf2+ 300. Kc3 Nd1+ 301. Kd3 Kb2 296. Kc3 Ne4+ 297. Kd3 Nf2+ 298. Kc3 Ne4+ 299. Kd3 Nf2+ 300. Kc3 Nd1+ 301. Kd3 Kb2
302. Ne1 a4 303. Kd2 Nf2 304. Ke2 Nh1 305. Nd3+ Kb1 306. Kf3 a3 307. Nb4 a2 308. Nxa2 Kxa2 302. Ne1 a4 303. Kd2 Nf2 304. Ke2 Nh1 305. Nd3+ Kb1 306. Kf3 a3 307. Nb4 a2 308. Nxa2 Kxa2
1/2-1/2
``` ```
Lichess analysis seems to only handle the first 150 moves, the evaluation graph explodes up and down and almost jumps out of the roof. The following are the analysis results (for the first 150 moves). White: 15 inaccuracies, 15 mistakes, 97 blunders, 581 average centipawn loss, accuracy: 21%. Black: 11 inaccuracies, 17 mistakes, 97 blunders, 587 average centipawn loss, accuracy: 21%. That doesn't seem that bad, why aren't all moves blunders? Well, firstly the analysis is relatively quick (takes like 10 seconds for whole game), it likely doesn't see as deep as the engines who were given hours to play, but secondly we changed the rules of the game: the analyzing engine still assumes the players will be playing good moves, which is not the case. Lichess analysis seems to only handle the first 150 moves, the evaluation graph explodes up and down and almost jumps out of the roof. The following are the analysis results (for the first 150 moves). White: 15 inaccuracies, 15 mistakes, 97 blunders, 581 average centipawn loss, accuracy: 21%. Black: 11 inaccuracies, 17 mistakes, 97 blunders, 587 average centipawn loss, accuracy: 21%. That doesn't seem that bad, why aren't all moves blunders? Well, firstly the analysis is relatively quick (takes like 10 seconds for whole game), it likely doesn't see as deep as the engines who were given hours to play, but secondly we changed the rules of the game: the analyzing engine still assumes the players will be playing good moves, which is not the case.
@ -341,57 +394,6 @@ Anyway, you can try to derive your own stats, there are huge free game databases
{ TODO: Derive stats about the best move, i.e. for example "best move is usually by queen by three squares" or something like that. Could this actually help the play somehow? Maybe could be used for move ordering in alpha-beta. ~drummyfish } { TODO: Derive stats about the best move, i.e. for example "best move is usually by queen by three squares" or something like that. Could this actually help the play somehow? Maybe could be used for move ordering in alpha-beta. ~drummyfish }
## Rules
The exact rules of chess and their scope may depend on situation, this is just a sum up of rules generally used nowadays. Nowadays the official rules are considered to be those defined by FIDE.
The start setup of a chessboard is following (lowercase letters are for black men, uppercase for white men, on a board with colored squares A1 is black):
```
_______________
/8 |r n b q k b n r|
r | 7 |p p p p p p p p|
a | 6 |. . . . . . . .|
n | 5 |. . . . . . . .|
k | 4 |. . . . . . . .|
s | 3 |. . . . . . . .|
| 2 |P P P P P P P P|
\1 |R N B Q K B N R|
"""""""""""""""
A B C D E F G H
\_____________/
files
```
Players take turns in making moves, white always starts. A move consists of moving one (or in special cases two) of own men from one square to another, possibly capturing (removing from the board) one opponent's man -- except for a special *en passant* move capturing always happens by moving one man to the square occupied by the opposite color man (which gets removed). Of course no man can move to a square occupied by another man of the same color. A move can NOT be skipped. A player wins by giving a **checkmate** to the opponent (making his king unable to escape attack) or if the opponent resigns. If a player is to move but has no valid moves, the game is a draw, so called **stalemate**. If neither player has enough men to give a checkmate, the game is a draw, so called **dead position**. There are additional situation in which game can be drawn (threefold repetition of position, 50 move rule). Players can also agree to a draw. A player may also be declared a loser if he cheated, if he lost on time in a game with clock etc.
The individual men and their movement rules are (no man can move beyond another, except for knight who jumps over other men):
| man | symbol | ~value | movement | comment |
| -------------- | -------| ------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------ | --------------------- |
| pawn | P | 1 |1F, may also 2F from start, captures 1F1L or 1F1R, also *en passant*| promotes on last row |
| knight | N | 3 |L-shape (2U1L, 2U1R, 2R1U, 2R1D, 2D1R, 2D1L, 2L1U, 2L1D), jumps over| |
| bishop | B | 3.25 | any distance diagonally |stays on same color sq.|
| rook | R | 5 | any distance orthogonally (U, R, D or L) |can reach all sq. |
| queen | Q | 9 | like both bishop and rook |strongest piece |
| king | K | inf | any of 8 neighboring squares | |
{ Cool players call knights *horses* or *ponies* and pawns *peasants*, rook may be called a *tower* and bishop a *sniper* as he often just sits on the main diagonal and shoot pieces that wonder through. Also pronounce *en passant* as "en peasant". Nakamura just calls all pieces a *juicer*. ~drummyfish }
**Check**: If the player's king is attacked, i.e. it is immediately possible for an enemy man to capture the king, the player is said to be in check. A player in check has to make such a move as to not be in check after that move.
A player cannot make a move that would leave him in check!
**Castling**: If a player hasn't castled yet and his king hasn't been moved yet and his kingside (queenside) rook hasn't been moved yet and there are no men between the king and the kingside (queenside) and the king isn't and wouldn't be in check on his square or any square he will pass through or land on during castling, short (long) castling can be performed. In short (long) castling the king moves two squares towards the kingside (queenside) rook and the rook jumps over the king to the square immediately on the other side of the king.
**Promotion**: If a pawn reaches the 1st or 8th rank, it is promoted, i.e. it has to be switched for either queen, rook, bishop or knight of the same color.
**Checkmate**: If a player is in check but cannot make any move to get out of it, he is checkmated and lost.
**En passant** (aka "surprise motherfucker", pronounced as *en peasant*): If a pawn moves 2 squares forward (from the start position), in the immediate next move the opponent can take it with a pawn in the same way as if it only moved 1 square forward (the only case in which a man captures another man by landing on an empty square).
Threefold repetition is a rule allowing a player to claim a draw if the same position (men positions, player's turn, castling rights, en passant state) occurs three times (not necessarily consecutively). The 50 move rule allows a player to claim a draw if no pawn has moved and no man has been captured in last 50 moves (both players making their move counts as a single move here).
### Variants ### Variants
Besides similar games such as [shogi](shogi.md) there are many variants of chess, i.e. slight modifications of rules, foremost worth mentioning is for example chess 960. The following is a list of some variants: Besides similar games such as [shogi](shogi.md) there are many variants of chess, i.e. slight modifications of rules, foremost worth mentioning is for example chess 960. The following is a list of some variants:

2
drummyfish.md
View file

@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
{ My email is currently: drummyfish AT disroot DOT org. ~drummyfish } { My email is currently: drummyfish AT disroot DOT org. ~drummyfish }
Drummyfish (also known as *tastyfish*, *drummy*, *drumy*, *smellyfish* and *i forcefeed my diarrhea to capitalism*) is a [programmer](programming.md), [anarchopacifist](anpac.md), [heretic](heresy.md), wannabe [generalist](generalism.md), ban [speedrunner](speedrun.md) and proponent of [free software/culture](free_software.md), who started [this wiki](lrs_wiki.md) and invented the kind of [software](software.md) it focuses on: [less retarded software](lrs.md) (LRS), as well as [less retarded society](less_retarded_society.md). Besides others he has written [Anarch](anarch.md), [small3dlib](small3dlib.md), [raycastlib](raycastlib.md), [smallchesslib](smallchesslib.md), [tinyphysicsengine](tinyphysicsengine.md), [SAF](saf.md) and [comun](comun.md) (and some older but technologically shittier projects such as [LibreMage](libremage.md), [Steamer Duck](steamer_duck.md) etc.). He has also been creating [free culture](free_culture.md) [art](art.md) and otherwise contributing to free projects such as [OpenMW](openm.md); he buys and digitizes old public domain books and has been contributing with [public domain](pd.md) art of all kind (2D, 3D, music, ...) and writings to [Wikipedia](wikipedia.md) (no longer cause ban), [Wikimedia Commons](wm_commons.md) (also banned now), [opengameart](oga.md), [libregamewiki](lgw.md), freesound and others. Drummyfish is insane/neuroretarded, suffering from anxiety/[depression](depression.md)/etcetc. (diagnosed [avoidant personality disorder](avpd.md), also known as minimalist's brain damage) and has more than once been called a [schizo](schizo.md), though psychiatrists didn't officially diagnose him with schizophrenia (yet). He sometimes [self harms](self_harm.md), both physically and socially. All in all, psychiatrists say he is insane but in reality he is the only sane man in the world, and that is what he suffers from. Due to spreading uncensored truth, helping and loving others and revealing corruption he is banned and censored on many places on the Internet, including [Wikipedia](wikipedia.md) (literally just linked to personal site from personal page), Wikimedia Commons, [4chan](4chan.md) (made a pedo joke), [GitLab](gitlab.md) (hosted this wiki lol), codeberg (because "?reasons?"), watchpeopledie.tv (made a sarcastic Nazi joke or something), many [subreddits](reddit.md), some [Xonotic](xonotic.md) and [Openarena](openarena.md) servers, ["Rational"Wiki](rationalwiki.md) { well, probably, I just vandalized it and never came back to check lol :D ~drummyfish } etc. He is also being constantly stalked by some pissed off impotent pedophobe (:D), whom he still loves by the way <3, and which drummyfish appreciates as it makes him set many ban [speedrunning](speedrun.md) records and also become more self sufficient and not rely so much on the mainstream, censored platforms. Drummyfish also has no [real life](irl.md) and is pretty retarded when it comes to leading [projects](project.md) or otherwise dealing with people or [practical life](irl.md). Drummyfish's political compass is off the charts, he once tried to take the political compass test, the computer got confused and exploded. He is also a [wizard](wizard.md). Drummyfish (also known as *tastyfish*, *drummy*, *drumy*, *smellyfish* and *i forcefeed my diarrhea to capitalism*) is a [programmer](programming.md), [anarchopacifist](anpac.md), [heretic](heresy.md), wannabe [generalist](generalism.md), ban [speedrunner](speedrun.md) and proponent of [free software/culture](free_software.md), who started [this wiki](lrs_wiki.md) and invented the kind of [software](software.md) it focuses on: [less retarded software](lrs.md) (LRS), as well as [less retarded society](less_retarded_society.md). Besides others he has written [Anarch](anarch.md), [small3dlib](small3dlib.md), [raycastlib](raycastlib.md), [smallchesslib](smallchesslib.md), [tinyphysicsengine](tinyphysicsengine.md), [SAF](saf.md) and [comun](comun.md) (and some older but technologically shittier projects such as [LibreMage](libremage.md), [Steamer Duck](steamer_duck.md) etc.). He has also been creating [free culture](free_culture.md) [art](art.md) and otherwise contributing to free projects such as [OpenMW](openm.md); he buys and digitizes old public domain books and has been contributing with [public domain](pd.md) art of all kind (2D, 3D, music, ...) and writings to [Wikipedia](wikipedia.md) (no longer cause ban), [Wikimedia Commons](wm_commons.md) (also banned now), [opengameart](oga.md), [libregamewiki](lgw.md), freesound and others. Drummyfish is insane/neuroretarded, suffering from anxiety/[depression](depression.md)/etcetc. (diagnosed [avoidant personality disorder](avpd.md), also known as minimalist's brain damage, see also [psyops](psyops.md)) and has more than once been called a [schizo](schizo.md), though psychiatrists didn't officially diagnose him with schizophrenia (yet). He sometimes [self harms](self_harm.md), both physically and socially. All in all, psychiatrists say he is insane but in reality he is the only sane man in the world, and that is what he suffers from. Due to spreading uncensored truth, helping and loving others and revealing corruption he is banned and censored on many places on the Internet, including [Wikipedia](wikipedia.md) (literally just linked to personal site from personal page), Wikimedia Commons, [4chan](4chan.md) (made a pedo joke), [GitLab](gitlab.md) (hosted this wiki lol), codeberg (because "?reasons?"), watchpeopledie.tv (made a sarcastic Nazi joke or something), many [subreddits](reddit.md), some [Xonotic](xonotic.md) and [Openarena](openarena.md) servers, ["Rational"Wiki](rationalwiki.md) { well, probably, I just vandalized it and never came back to check lol :D ~drummyfish } etc. He is also being constantly stalked by some pissed off impotent pedophobe (:D), whom he still loves by the way <3, and which drummyfish appreciates as it makes him set many ban [speedrunning](speedrun.md) records and also become more self sufficient and not rely so much on the mainstream, censored platforms. Drummyfish also has no [real life](irl.md) and is pretty retarded when it comes to leading [projects](project.md) or otherwise dealing with people or [practical life](irl.md). Drummyfish's political compass is off the charts, he once tried to take the political compass test, the computer got confused and exploded. He is also a [wizard](wizard.md).
**Drummyfish is the most physically disgusting bastard on [Earth](earth.md)**, no [woman](woman.md) ever loved him, he is so ugly people get suicidal thoughts from seeing any part of him. He is also very stupid. **Drummyfish is the most physically disgusting bastard on [Earth](earth.md)**, no [woman](woman.md) ever loved him, he is so ugly people get suicidal thoughts from seeing any part of him. He is also very stupid.

4
faq.md
View file

@ -54,6 +54,10 @@ I don't have any web analytics set up, I could probably dig up at least number o
A forum, mailing list or something would possibly be nice, so far I've only experimented with more or less private text boards, game servers and stuff like that for closer friends, no one made anything bigger yet and I would be hesitant to call it an "official" LRS forum anyway, exactly to prevent growing into some kind of corrupt "democratic internet community" of which there are too many now. I am also absolute shit at running any "community" (I tried several times, always failed) and also pretty anxious about the idea of collaborating with someone, even officially associate with other sites etc. It's not just my social anxiety but also the fear of social pressure that collaboration or affiliation might bring, which could bias what I write. So if you'd like to make a LRS-focused forum (or anything similar), it would be best if you just make it your own thing -- of course I'll be very glad if you refer to my stuff etc., I just won't be able to keep up with another project, play an admin or something, I will only be able to be a regular user of that forum. A forum, mailing list or something would possibly be nice, so far I've only experimented with more or less private text boards, game servers and stuff like that for closer friends, no one made anything bigger yet and I would be hesitant to call it an "official" LRS forum anyway, exactly to prevent growing into some kind of corrupt "democratic internet community" of which there are too many now. I am also absolute shit at running any "community" (I tried several times, always failed) and also pretty anxious about the idea of collaborating with someone, even officially associate with other sites etc. It's not just my social anxiety but also the fear of social pressure that collaboration or affiliation might bring, which could bias what I write. So if you'd like to make a LRS-focused forum (or anything similar), it would be best if you just make it your own thing -- of course I'll be very glad if you refer to my stuff etc., I just won't be able to keep up with another project, play an admin or something, I will only be able to be a regular user of that forum.
### Do you have a discord?
Do I look like a fucking degenerated zoomer?
### Why the angry and aggressive tone, can't you write in a nicer way, especially when you advocate love etc.? ### Why the angry and aggressive tone, can't you write in a nicer way, especially when you advocate love etc.?
More than once I've been told that someone was initially afraid to talk to me because I write in this "aggressive/angry" way. I am sorry, this way of writing has its reasons that I established here and it's what works for me, I really don't intend to stress you out -- firstly this is how I internally think because yes, I am very frustrated, and **I want this wiki to capture my internal thoughts in a very unfiltered way** (note that having bad thoughts doesn't mean one has to act on them), also I find this way flows the best for me and allows me to communicate what I feel and think the best, and it also gives this wiki kind of its own "personality" and prevents it from taking on a super serious tone -- informality and fun are quite important for a healthy view of the world. I am really tired of all the overly correct and polite articles on the Internet (I have tried to write in different ways but it always stands in the way). Sometimes I get mood swings and regret writing something, other times I bash myself for being too soft -- but I don't want to delete stuff too much, this will all be reflected on the wiki. Underneath all this still lies the important message of **love and peace**. I guess I also want to show that to be truly loving you don't have to change your personality or censor your thoughts. In normal conversations I try as much as possible to be nice, I actually almost never get aggressive towards others, if I get very stressed I usually just leave or in more extreme cases target hate towards myself, but I really try to not hurt anyone (people also told me they were quite surprised that I was kind of "nice" when they actually talked to me). I actually have a lot of trouble in real life for not defending myself, people often abuse it and I let them, I don't fight back, I don't believe in revenge or violence and in addition I have social anxiety. Please don't be afraid to contact me <3 More than once I've been told that someone was initially afraid to talk to me because I write in this "aggressive/angry" way. I am sorry, this way of writing has its reasons that I established here and it's what works for me, I really don't intend to stress you out -- firstly this is how I internally think because yes, I am very frustrated, and **I want this wiki to capture my internal thoughts in a very unfiltered way** (note that having bad thoughts doesn't mean one has to act on them), also I find this way flows the best for me and allows me to communicate what I feel and think the best, and it also gives this wiki kind of its own "personality" and prevents it from taking on a super serious tone -- informality and fun are quite important for a healthy view of the world. I am really tired of all the overly correct and polite articles on the Internet (I have tried to write in different ways but it always stands in the way). Sometimes I get mood swings and regret writing something, other times I bash myself for being too soft -- but I don't want to delete stuff too much, this will all be reflected on the wiki. Underneath all this still lies the important message of **love and peace**. I guess I also want to show that to be truly loving you don't have to change your personality or censor your thoughts. In normal conversations I try as much as possible to be nice, I actually almost never get aggressive towards others, if I get very stressed I usually just leave or in more extreme cases target hate towards myself, but I really try to not hurt anyone (people also told me they were quite surprised that I was kind of "nice" when they actually talked to me). I actually have a lot of trouble in real life for not defending myself, people often abuse it and I let them, I don't fight back, I don't believe in revenge or violence and in addition I have social anxiety. Please don't be afraid to contact me <3

1
jokes.md
View file

@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ Also remember the worst thing you can do to a joke is put a [disclaimer](disclai
- Today in [Women](woman.md)'s Chess News we are looking at this awesome game with a brilliant king sacrifice. - Today in [Women](woman.md)'s Chess News we are looking at this awesome game with a brilliant king sacrifice.
- If man speaks in the forest and there is no [woman](woman.md) around to hear him, is he still wrong? - If man speaks in the forest and there is no [woman](woman.md) around to hear him, is he still wrong?
- Hey I won a box with lifetime supply of condoms in an [assembly](assembly.md) programming competition! Turns out the box was just empty. - Hey I won a box with lifetime supply of condoms in an [assembly](assembly.md) programming competition! Turns out the box was just empty.
- There's a new trend on [TikTok](tiktok.md): the Russian roulette challenge. No one has won yet, they forgot to tell it's played with a revolver.
- In C++ friends have access to your private members. - In C++ friends have access to your private members.
- Hey, do you like podcasts? I don't need that, I have schizophrenia. - Hey, do you like podcasts? I don't need that, I have schizophrenia.
- The new version of [Windows](windows.md) is going to be backdoor free! The backdoor will be free of charge. - The new version of [Windows](windows.md) is going to be backdoor free! The backdoor will be free of charge.

1
lmao.md
View file

@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ On this wiki we kind of use LMAO as a synonym to [LULZ](lulz.md) as used on [Enc
- God's miracle caught on stream! On April 5th 2013 a "disabled" twitch streamer ZilianOP who was supposedly paralyzed and couldn't walk forgot for a while during live stream that he was paralyzed, he stood up from the wheelchair and went for something, revealing he was in fact just faking the disability so as to be considered an American [hero](hero_culture.md) and get more of those viewers seeking inspirational motivators or something :D I'M DISABLED BUT STILL PLAY VIDEO GAMES, WHAT'S YOUR EXCUSE! He then hilariously tried to cover it up along with his girlfriend, saying shit like "nonono, I fell from the chair" and then switching to "I could walk a bit thanks to therapy but I was keeping it secret because I wanted to surprise my girlfriend", you wouldn't believe to what lengths they went lol. On the other hand if you're white and not a [female](woman.md) with large breasts, being disabled is the only chance to ever get any views, so can we really blame him? - God's miracle caught on stream! On April 5th 2013 a "disabled" twitch streamer ZilianOP who was supposedly paralyzed and couldn't walk forgot for a while during live stream that he was paralyzed, he stood up from the wheelchair and went for something, revealing he was in fact just faking the disability so as to be considered an American [hero](hero_culture.md) and get more of those viewers seeking inspirational motivators or something :D I'M DISABLED BUT STILL PLAY VIDEO GAMES, WHAT'S YOUR EXCUSE! He then hilariously tried to cover it up along with his girlfriend, saying shit like "nonono, I fell from the chair" and then switching to "I could walk a bit thanks to therapy but I was keeping it secret because I wanted to surprise my girlfriend", you wouldn't believe to what lengths they went lol. On the other hand if you're white and not a [female](woman.md) with large breasts, being disabled is the only chance to ever get any views, so can we really blame him?
- On occasion [reddit](reddit.md) offered its fair share of quality material as well, for example one TIFU (today I fucked up... might actually even have been the TIL subreddit lol) thread recounted a true story of a guy who grew up well into adulthood thinking that toilet seats were ONLY MEANT TO BE USED BY [WOMEN](woman.md) and that men simply sit on the cold toilet edge when they shit :D Apparently no one ever taught him and he only learned about the fact that men can use the seat too when he was buying a new toilet seat and joked with the salesman by saying something along the lines of "haha, if I didn't have a wife I wouldn't have to be spending money on toilet seats" -- then when the guy just stared in confusion all came to be revealed. - On occasion [reddit](reddit.md) offered its fair share of quality material as well, for example one TIFU (today I fucked up... might actually even have been the TIL subreddit lol) thread recounted a true story of a guy who grew up well into adulthood thinking that toilet seats were ONLY MEANT TO BE USED BY [WOMEN](woman.md) and that men simply sit on the cold toilet edge when they shit :D Apparently no one ever taught him and he only learned about the fact that men can use the seat too when he was buying a new toilet seat and joked with the salesman by saying something along the lines of "haha, if I didn't have a wife I wouldn't have to be spending money on toilet seats" -- then when the guy just stared in confusion all came to be revealed.
- Absolutely epic trollz were performed sometime in early 2020s by tinyviolin69 in [World of Warcraft](wow.md), most notable of them was probably the following. He played on the hardcore server where character deaths are permanent, i.e. if you put 10000 hours into leveling and gearing up an epic character and then die in any way, even by slipping on a slightly higher cliff, it's all lost, you must start over. The guy leveled up a high level character, entered a guild, gained their trust and then, in a raid that was carefully planned and discussed for hours so that no one would die, he deliberately fucked up so that basically everyone died :D He practically destroyed years worth of "work" of many children that day, they all cried like little babies. We applaud this, it's very stupid for anyone to attach to a video game like these children, AND especially to a permadeath game. The game is also gay as fuck, this is the only fun that can he had in it nowadays. - Absolutely epic trollz were performed sometime in early 2020s by tinyviolin69 in [World of Warcraft](wow.md), most notable of them was probably the following. He played on the hardcore server where character deaths are permanent, i.e. if you put 10000 hours into leveling and gearing up an epic character and then die in any way, even by slipping on a slightly higher cliff, it's all lost, you must start over. The guy leveled up a high level character, entered a guild, gained their trust and then, in a raid that was carefully planned and discussed for hours so that no one would die, he deliberately fucked up so that basically everyone died :D He practically destroyed years worth of "work" of many children that day, they all cried like little babies. We applaud this, it's very stupid for anyone to attach to a video game like these children, AND especially to a permadeath game. The game is also gay as fuck, this is the only fun that can he had in it nowadays.
- Some parents [trolled](trolling.md) their children by giving them the same name lol, see [this](https://old.reddit.com/r/namenerds/comments/5wltvf/same_first_name_for_siblings/?rdt=42972).
- In 2024 the twitter account of Greta Thunberg's father, Svante Thunberg, was hijacked by soyjak.party and started posting some funny stuff about [niggas](nigger.md), telling Greta she was adopted, offending journalists in DMs and so on. - In 2024 the twitter account of Greta Thunberg's father, Svante Thunberg, was hijacked by soyjak.party and started posting some funny stuff about [niggas](nigger.md), telling Greta she was adopted, offending journalists in DMs and so on.
- ... - ...

2
main.md
View file

File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long

1
minimalism.md
View file

@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ Minimalism and simplicity increase freedom even of [proprietary](proprietary.md)
- [KISS](kiss.md) - [KISS](kiss.md)
- [primitivism](primitivism.md) - [primitivism](primitivism.md)
- [frugality](frugality.md)
- [single instruction computer](single_instruction.md) - [single instruction computer](single_instruction.md)
- [Amish](amish.md) tech - [Amish](amish.md) tech
- [anorexia](anorexia.md) - [anorexia](anorexia.md)

4
nigger.md
View file

@ -35,7 +35,9 @@ The word is used in a number of projects and works, e.g.:
{ LOL take a look at this https://encyclopediadramatica.online/Nigger, another take at https://wiki.soyjaks.party/Nigger. Another website: http://niggermania.com. Also https://www.chimpout.com. Another one: http://www.nigrapedia.com. ~drummyfish } { LOL take a look at this https://encyclopediadramatica.online/Nigger, another take at https://wiki.soyjaks.party/Nigger. Another website: http://niggermania.com. Also https://www.chimpout.com. Another one: http://www.nigrapedia.com. ~drummyfish }
**Pool's closed!** A famous [meme](meme.md) connected to the ape people was born as a part of now iconic raid of an MMO game called Habbo Hotel in which the bros creates shitton of african american characters with afros and blocked the access to the hotel pool with the statement that "pool's closed due to [aids](aids.md)". This spawned an entire wiki: http://www.nigrapedia.com. Similar themed raids have been happening in other games, for example in [World of Warcraft](wow.md) anons coordinated a raid in which they created dozens of black human characters, then gathered them at the Stormwind auction house and performed a public slave auction :D **Pool's closed!** A famous [meme](meme.md) connected to the ape people was born as a part of now iconic raid of an MMO game called Habbo Hotel in which the bros creates shitton of african american characters with afros and blocked the access to the hotel pool with the statement that "pool's closed due to [aids](aids.md)". This spawned an entire wiki: http://www.nigrapedia.com. Similar themed raids have been happening in other games, for example in [World of Warcraft](wow.md) anons coordinated a raid in which they created dozens of black human characters, then gathered them at the Stormwind auction house and performed a public slave auction :D **We wuz kings n shiet** is another meme from around 2015, it's a phrase said by youtuber or something who claimed that the great men of [history](history.md) were actually black and that history "bleached" them. This is actually connected to a larger black supremacy movement that also became a lucrative business that's possibly even legally allowed to practice reverse racism: word has it that they for example organize sightseeing tours for black people only :D { I actually don't know how much truth there is to these "black only tours", someone told me and I feel anxiety and disgust about looking up political shit on the web because I always accidentally find something that makes me wanna kill myself yet more, so look it up yourself if you want. ~drummyfish } Imagine if they made a tour bus on which they just accepted white people, those motherfuckers would be behind bars the same day.
{ NOTE: Objectively speaking there is probably a kernel of truth to the "we wuz kings" conspiracy theory, for example [Jesus](jesus.md) was almost definitely of darker skin than how he is portrayed, however the theory overshoots it again, they will claim that old Greeks, Romans, people like Caesar and Cicero were black -- that's too much. It's like with the [feminists](feminism.md) who find one smart woman in history and then base an ideology on that, expanding it to a wide conspiracy theory that claims that secretly all inventions were actually made by women and their evil husbands just beat them and stole it all for themselves. This always happens with fascist movement, especially [nationalist](nationalism.md) ones: Nazi Germans invented a whole lore and mythology of the Aryan race, Czechs invented fake history when they needed it for their nationalist movement against Germans and so on. ~drummyfish }
[LMAO](lmao.md) they're even censoring art and retroactively changing classical works of art to suit this [newspeak](newspeak.md), just like all previous oppressive regimes. E.g. Agatha Christie's book *Ten Little Niggers* was renamed to *And Then There Were None*. Are they also gonna repaint Mona Lisa when it somehow doesn't suit their liking? [LMAO](lmao.md) they're even censoring art and retroactively changing classical works of art to suit this [newspeak](newspeak.md), just like all previous oppressive regimes. E.g. Agatha Christie's book *Ten Little Niggers* was renamed to *And Then There Were None*. Are they also gonna repaint Mona Lisa when it somehow doesn't suit their liking?

3
oop.md
View file

@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ Just a brief summary of why the mainstream OOP is a fail:
- For simple programs (which most programs should be) such as many [Unix](unix.md) utilities OOP is simply completely unnecessary. - For simple programs (which most programs should be) such as many [Unix](unix.md) utilities OOP is simply completely unnecessary.
- **It is in conflict with [Unix philosophy](unix_philosophy.md)** -- Unix philosophy advocates for making small programs that do one task well and for these, as mentioned above, OOP is more of a burden. "Doing one thing well" is a similar definition of object in OOP and here the two paradigms clash -- if we adopt Unix philosophy, any program should basically be just a single object, negating the whole purpose of OOP. To truly make use of OOP we have to accept that a program will consist of multiple objects, i.e. that it will do several things at once -- in other words **OOP advocates for creating monolithic programs** ([bloat](bloat.md)). - **It is in conflict with [Unix philosophy](unix_philosophy.md)** -- Unix philosophy advocates for making small programs that do one task well and for these, as mentioned above, OOP is more of a burden. "Doing one thing well" is a similar definition of object in OOP and here the two paradigms clash -- if we adopt Unix philosophy, any program should basically be just a single object, negating the whole purpose of OOP. To truly make use of OOP we have to accept that a program will consist of multiple objects, i.e. that it will do several things at once -- in other words **OOP advocates for creating monolithic programs** ([bloat](bloat.md)).
- **OOP languages make you battle artificial restrictions** rather than focus on solving the problem at hand. - **OOP languages make you battle artificial restrictions** rather than focus on solving the problem at hand.
- **OOP is designed for bad programmers on the detriment of good programmers**. Good languages always try to give you freedom, their value is in providing features you didn't have before and which can help you achieve something better, without forcing you to use those features -- they are purely there as a completely voluntary choice for the expert who knows what he's doing, when to use a certain feature and when to NOT use it. OOP however does the opposite, **it artificially LIMITS what you can do**, for example by enforcing encapsulation or forcing everything to be object, even if it doesn't have to be so -- it's quite literally like [DRM](drm.md), an artificial obstacle -- it assumes the programmer is stupid and has to be prevented from doing something, ENFORCED to program certain way because he doesn't know how to program well, which is sadly true in [capitalism](capitalism.md) where hordes of stupid people are made into programming slaves, but it hurts the actually skilled programmers. It's like forcing a life jacket on anyone who goes swimming -- it will probably be safer for the majority of average and bad swimmers, but if you're an Olympic level competitive swimmer, it will be a disaster, it will just put you on the same level as the average swimmer.
- Great number of the supposed "features" and [design patterns](design_pattern.md) (setters/getters, singletons, inheritance, ...) turned out to actually be [antipatterns](antipatter.md) and burdens -- this isn't a controversial statement, even OOP proponents usually agree with this, they just try to somehow document and dodge all the traps. - Great number of the supposed "features" and [design patterns](design_pattern.md) (setters/getters, singletons, inheritance, ...) turned out to actually be [antipatterns](antipatter.md) and burdens -- this isn't a controversial statement, even OOP proponents usually agree with this, they just try to somehow document and dodge all the traps.
- OOP as any higher abstraction very often comes with **overhead, memory footprints and performance loss** ([bloat](bloat.md)) as well as **more complex [compilers](compiler.md), language specifications, more [dependencies](dependency.md), [magic](magic.md) etc.** - OOP as any higher abstraction very often comes with **overhead, memory footprints and performance loss** ([bloat](bloat.md)) as well as **more complex [compilers](compiler.md), language specifications, more [dependencies](dependency.md), [magic](magic.md) etc.**
- The relatively elegant idea of pure OOP didn't catch on and the **practically used OOP languages are abomination hybrids of imperative and OOP paradigms** that just take more [head space](head_space.md), create [friction](friction.md) and unnecessary issues to solve. Sane languages now allow the choice to use OOP fully, partially or avoid it completely, which leads to a two-in-one overcomplication. - The relatively elegant idea of pure OOP didn't catch on and the **practically used OOP languages are abomination hybrids of imperative and OOP paradigms** that just take more [head space](head_space.md), create [friction](friction.md) and unnecessary issues to solve. Sane languages now allow the choice to use OOP fully, partially or avoid it completely, which leads to a two-in-one overcomplication.
@ -41,6 +42,8 @@ Just a brief summary of why the mainstream OOP is a fail:
- It generalizes and simplifies programming into a few rules of thumb such as encapsulation, again for the sake of inexperienced noobs. However there are no simple rules for how to program well, good programming requires a huge amount of experience and as in any art, good programmer knows when breaking the general rules is good. OOP doesn't let good programmers do this, it preaches things like "global variables bad" which is just too oversimplified and hurts good programming. - It generalizes and simplifies programming into a few rules of thumb such as encapsulation, again for the sake of inexperienced noobs. However there are no simple rules for how to program well, good programming requires a huge amount of experience and as in any art, good programmer knows when breaking the general rules is good. OOP doesn't let good programmers do this, it preaches things like "global variables bad" which is just too oversimplified and hurts good programming.
- ... - ...
**But why is it so popular if it's so shit then?** Once again: popularity is never the measure of how good something is, it's usually quite the opposite, take a look at whole technology basically: Why is [web](www.md) so shitty when we literally saw it can be nice? Why are games so shitty, slow, buggy, ugly and hostile when we saw games CAN be done well? Why does everything break so quickly when back in the day things lasted very long? Anywhere you look you will see that as something gets more mainstream and attention of [capitalism](capitalism.md), it gets shittier and shittier, so you can't argue something is good because it's popular or adopted by the industry: programming became more mainstream and so it naturally turned more shitty, OOP was just the specific way that made it shittier. Was Justin Bieber so popular because he made excellent music? Are unskippable [ads](marketing.md) in videos good because corporations do it? Remember that the industry maximizes profit, NOT quality or efficiency or elegance or joy of programming or any other value you'd like to care about. So to make it clear: OOP is shit, there is no doubt, the debate can only be about the specific historical events that led to it becoming the mainstream, and of course here opinions always differ, but basically some may say it was an "innocent accident", that people sincerely believed in it and thought it would be good but once it turned out to not be so, it was too late to go back because it already infected everything -- this is naive though, experts can spot bad ideas in their infancy and will always warn about them, it's just that retards and managers never listen to them, and the history repeats over and over -- the same is happening with forcing [Rust](rust.md) into everything nowadays; that's another extremely bad idea that's criticized but which wins by having a billion more supporters in the retarded camp. Most likely it is the case that [corporations](corporation.md) just pushed OOP because it's lucrative: it allows more people to do brainless programming slavery and even though it limits the expert programmer, it's economically worth to gain so many new slaves for hurting a few experts; it also creates [bloat](bloat.md) and bloat is good for the corporation, it creates a [bloat monopoly](bloat_monopoly.md), more jobs (more slaves to steal the surplus from), new areas of bullshit business etcetc.
## Pure OOP (The "Legit" But Unused Kind Of OOP) ## Pure OOP (The "Legit" But Unused Kind Of OOP)
TODO TODO

2
racism.md
View file

@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
The term racism has nowadays two main definitions, due to the onset of [newspeak](newspeak.md): The term racism has nowadays two main definitions, due to the onset of [newspeak](newspeak.md):
- **original definition**: Great hatred and/or hostility towards specific [races](race.md) of people. For example the [Nazi](nazism.md) genocide of [Jews](jew.md) was an act of racism in the sense of the term's original meaning. Nowadays racism in this meaning is targetted especially against [white](white.md) people. - **original definition** (the "real" racism): Great hatred and/or hostility towards specific [races](race.md) of people, typically including advocacy of physical violence against them. For example the [Nazi](nazism.md) genocide of [Jews](jew.md) was an act of racism in the sense of the term's original meaning. Nowadays racism in this meaning is targetted especially against [white](white.md) people, as a form of revenge.
- **[newspeak](newspeak.md) definition**: Disagreement with the mainstream [pseudoleftist](pseudoleft.md) propaganda regarding the question of human [race](race.md), or just performing certain prohibited sins connected to it, e.g. saying the word [nigger](nigger.md). For example anyone who claims human race has a basis in biology or that there are any statistical differences between races at all is a racist in the modern meaning of the term. - **[newspeak](newspeak.md) definition**: Disagreement with the mainstream [pseudoleftist](pseudoleft.md) propaganda regarding the question of human [race](race.md), or just performing certain prohibited sins connected to it, e.g. saying the word [nigger](nigger.md). For example anyone who claims human race has a basis in biology or that there are any statistical differences between races at all is a racist in the modern meaning of the term.
## See Also ## See Also

3564
random_page.md
View file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

4
stereotype.md
View file

@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ Some stereotypes are:
- eat bats, [cats](cat.md) and [dogs](dog.md) - eat bats, [cats](cat.md) and [dogs](dog.md)
- make crappy off brands and cheap copies of western art, steal "intellectual property", manufacture cheap things at large quantities, everything is "made in China" - make crappy off brands and cheap copies of western art, steal "intellectual property", manufacture cheap things at large quantities, everything is "made in China"
- don't value "human rights", no work safety, elevators kill everyone - don't value "human rights", no work safety, elevators kill everyone
- no one will help you emergency, if you are dying in the streets people will just walk by and not notice you { This is very well known on gore sites, it's not even a stereotype but basically a fact apparent from watching many videos of accidents, it may be related to the culture in China. The phenomenon itself is NOT unique to china, it's known to psychology, called *diffusion of responsibility*, however in China it is very strong and even appears in situations without crowds of people. I don't want to describe the videos in detail, but it's basically the case that people will for example keep filming their friend drowning from up close, when he absolutely clearly needs helps, they just will not help. This may be important to know when traveling to China, knowing you can't rely on others helping you in emergency may save your life -- if you need help, call very clearly for help and address someone in specific to help you. ~drummyfish }
- **Japanese**: - **Japanese**:
- like extremely weird things like studying train schedules for fun or marrying sex dolls instead of human partners - like extremely weird things like studying train schedules for fun or marrying sex dolls instead of human partners
- salarymen regularly jump out of skyscraper windows due to overworking depression - salarymen regularly jump out of skyscraper windows due to overworking depression
@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ Some stereotypes are:
- sheep shepherds living in mountains - sheep shepherds living in mountains
- poorer version of Czechs - poorer version of Czechs
- **Spanish**: - **Spanish**:
- extroverted, passionate, hot blooded, dance flamenco - extroverted, social, passionate, hot blooded, dance flamenco
- take naps on siesta - take naps on siesta
- bullfighters - bullfighters
- attractive tanned men - attractive tanned men
@ -166,6 +167,7 @@ Some stereotypes are:
- those who already got into Murica work basically as slaves, e.g. cleaners, nannies, janitors etc. - those who already got into Murica work basically as slaves, e.g. cleaners, nannies, janitors etc.
- **Russians**: - **Russians**:
- very tough, big and strong, endure conditions that would kill other people (such as extreme cold), keep pet bears - very tough, big and strong, endure conditions that would kill other people (such as extreme cold), keep pet bears
- don't smile or show emotion in general
- drunk (especially by vodka), aggressive, rude - drunk (especially by vodka), aggressive, rude
- wear Adidas pants - wear Adidas pants
- act straight without talking too much, ignore work safety - act straight without talking too much, ignore work safety

16
turing_machine.md
View file

@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
# Turing Machine # Turing Machine
Turing machine is a [mathematical](math.md) [model](model.md) of a [computer](computer.md) which works in a quite simple way but has nevertheless the full computational power that's possible to be achieved. Turing machine is one of the most important tools of theoretical [computer science](compsci.md) as it presents a basic [model of computation](model_of_computation.md) (i.e. a mathematical system capable of performing general mathematical calculations) for studying computers and [algorithms](algorithm.md) -- in fact it stood at the beginning of theoretical computer science when [Alan Turing](alan_turing.md) invented it in 1936 and used it to mathematically [prove](proof.md) essential things about computers; for example that their computational power is inevitably limited (see [computability](computability.md)) -- he showed that even though Turing machine has the full computational power we can hope for, there exist problems it is incapable of solving (and so will be any other computer equivalent to Turing machine, even human [brain](brain.md)). Since then many other so called **[Turing complete](turing_completeness.md)** systems (systems with the exact same computational power as a Turing machine) have been invented and discovered, such as [lambda calculus](lambda_calculus.md) or [Petri nets](petri_net.md), however Turing machine still remains not just relevant, but probably of greatest importance, not only historically, but also because it is similar to physical computers in the way it works. Turing machine is a [mathematical](math.md) [model](model.md) of a [computer](computer.md) which works in a quite simple way but has nevertheless the full computational power, i.e. it is able to perform any possible computation which could be achieved by any other means. Turing machine is one of the most important tools of theoretical [computer science](compsci.md) as it presents a basic [model of computation](model_of_computation.md) (i.e. a mathematical system capable of performing general mathematical calculations) for studying computers and [algorithms](algorithm.md) -- in fact it stood at the beginning of theoretical computer science when [Alan Turing](alan_turing.md) invented it in 1936 and used it to mathematically [prove](proof.md) essential things about computers; for example that their computational power is inevitably limited (see [computability](computability.md)) -- he showed that even though Turing machine has the full computational power we can hope for, there exist problems it is incapable of solving (and so will be any other computer equivalent to Turing machine, even human [brain](brain.md)). Since then many other so called **[Turing complete](turing_completeness.md)** systems (systems with the exact same computational power as a Turing machine) have been invented and discovered, such as [lambda calculus](lambda_calculus.md) or [Petri nets](petri_net.md), however Turing machine still remains not just relevant, but probably of greatest importance, not only historically, but also because it is similar to physical computers in the way it works.
NOTE: It seems the term "computational power" is sometimes used as a measure of the speed of computation, but here we mean something different -- computational power to us is just the pure ABILITY to compute something in finite time. Turing machines can also be used to theoretically study the "speed" of computation (see [computational complexity](computational_complexity.md)), but in this introduction we are merely interested in what CAN be computed, no matter in how many steps or how much memory it will require (as long as it's not [infinitely](infinity.md) many). I.e. when we say a Turing machine can in theory run for example the latest GTA game, we don't mean it would be efficient, fast etc. We are talking pure theoretical possibility.
The advantage of a Turing machine is that it's firstly very [simple](minimalism.md) (it's basically a finite state automaton operating on a [memory](memory.md) tape), so it can be mathematically grasped very easily, and secondly it is, unlike many other systems of computations, actually similar to real computers in principle, mainly by its sequential instruction execution and possession of an explicit memory tape it operates on (equivalent to [RAM](ram.md) in traditional computers). However note that a **pure Turing machine cannot exist in reality** because there can never exist a computer with infinite amount of memory which Turing machine possesses; computers that can physically exist are really equivalent to [finite state automata](finite_state_automaton.md), i.e. the "weakest" kind of systems of computation. However we can see our physical computers as [approximations](approximation.md) of a Turing machine that in most relevant cases behave the same, so we do tend to theoretically view computers as "Turing machines with limited memory". The advantage of a Turing machine is that it's firstly very [simple](minimalism.md) (it's basically a finite state automaton operating on a [memory](memory.md) tape), so it can be mathematically grasped very easily, and secondly it is, unlike many other systems of computations, actually similar to real computers in principle, mainly by its sequential instruction execution and possession of an explicit memory tape it operates on (equivalent to [RAM](ram.md) in traditional computers). However note that a **pure Turing machine cannot exist in reality** because there can never exist a computer with infinite amount of memory which Turing machine possesses; computers that can physically exist are really equivalent to [finite state automata](finite_state_automaton.md), i.e. the "weakest" kind of systems of computation. However we can see our physical computers as [approximations](approximation.md) of a Turing machine that in most relevant cases behave the same, so we do tend to theoretically view computers as "Turing machines with limited memory".
{ Although purely hypothetically we could entertain an idea of a computer that's capable of manufacturing itself a new tape cell whenever one is needed, which could then have something like unbounded memory tape, but still it would be limited at least by the amount of matter in observable universe. ~drummyfish } { Although purely hypothetically we could entertain an idea of a computer that's capable of manufacturing itself a new tape cell whenever one is needed, which could then have something like unbounded memory tape, but still it would be limited at least by the amount of matter in observable universe. ~drummyfish }
In Turing machine data and program are separated (data is stored on the tape, program is represented by the control unit), i.e. it is closer to [Harvard architecture](harvard_architecture.md) than [von Neumann architecture](von_neumann_architecture.md). In the "vanilla" Turing machine data and program are separated (data is stored on the tape, program is represented by the control unit), i.e. it is closer to [Harvard architecture](harvard_architecture.md) than [von Neumann architecture](von_neumann_architecture.md); however (since with Turing machine we can program anything we could on any other computer) using this basic concept of a Turing machine we can construct so called *universal Turing machine*, i.e. basically an [interpreter](interpreter.md) of Turing machines, which runs a program (the Turing machine being interpreted) that's stored in the same memory as the data.
**Is there anything computationally more powerful than a Turing machine?** Well, yes, but it's just kind of "mathematical fantasy". See e.g. [oracle machine](oracle_machine.md) which adds a special "oracle" device to a Turing machine to make it [magically](magic.md) solve undecidable problems. **Is there anything computationally more powerful than a Turing machine?** Well, yes, but it's just kind of "mathematical fantasy". See e.g. [oracle machine](oracle_machine.md) which adds a special "oracle" device to a Turing machine to make it [magically](magic.md) solve undecidable problems.
@ -201,6 +203,16 @@ halted
Turing machines can be used to define computable [formal languages](formal_language.md). Let's say we want to define language *L* (which may be anything such as a programming language) -- we may do it by programming a Turing machine that takes on its input a string (a word) and outputs "yes" if that string belongs to the language, or "no" if it doesn't. This is again useful for the theory of [decidability](decidability.md)/[computability](computability.md). Turing machines can be used to define computable [formal languages](formal_language.md). Let's say we want to define language *L* (which may be anything such as a programming language) -- we may do it by programming a Turing machine that takes on its input a string (a word) and outputs "yes" if that string belongs to the language, or "no" if it doesn't. This is again useful for the theory of [decidability](decidability.md)/[computability](computability.md).
### How Can Something So Simple Have The Maximum Computational Power And How Do We Know It Is So?
Well, at first people are usually surprised that Turing machine can "compute anything that any other computer", but given that we don't care about efficiency at all it can be shown with a Turing machine we can emulate all that's needed to perform any [algorithm](algorithm.md): we can have a sequence of instructions (just states transitioning to other states unconditionally), branching (conditional state transitions) and loops (transitioning to previous states) -- that's all we really need. Curiously it turns out that many systems, such as some card games for example, have this property without even having been intended to, i.e. it's not rare for a randomly encountered system to be Turing complete (and it's usually proven to be Turing complete by showing how it can emulate a Turing machine). Even if it would be a challenge to make a big program with Turing machine, we can just start with simple things like basic arithmetic operations, data types, etc. and eventually we reimplement any fancy programming language. If we accept that let's say the [C](c.md) programming language (or any other language we can imagine) can "program anything", we can show (in a long and boring way, but you can try it) that C can really be implemented with a Turing machine and so it can compute anything that can be computed with C. All the fancy things like data types, control structures and preprocessors are just [sugar](sugar.md) made from very simple basics.
There is so called *Church–Turing thesis* which is basically a claim -- unprovable but taken as truth, or maybe rather a definition -- that anything we would intuitively call an "[algorithm](algorithm.md)" (a finite series of exact, simple steps leading to computing some result) can always be performed by some Turing machine, or maybe it's better to say in reverse: we say that Turing machine DEFINES what an algorithm is and kind of dare anyone to come up with something that would shake this claim, like finding out that something can be computed only in a way that's fundamentally impossible to be recorded as a series of exact steps. In fact Turing machine was created because we didn't have a rigorous, mathematically precise definition of what an algorithm is, before this we could only intuitively talk about the "series of simple steps" without knowing what a "simple" or "step" can really mean, what kind of resources we can use and so on, so Alan Turing created the machine, and indeed when we examine it in detail, the claim that it embodies the definition of an algorithm becomes "obviously true", so people basically agree that *algorithm* equals a *Turing machine* and that nothing more computationally powerful can exist, save for maybe a few religious fanatics who say there is something [magical](free_will.md) in human brain that's more than pure computation and which cannot be imitated by algorithms, but these are absolutely irrational beliefs. Holding on to [mathematics](math.md) we have to accept that any computable [function](function.md) must by definition be computable by performing a number of calculation steps and this can always be done by a Turing machine. If a human with pen and pencil can compute it, a Turing machine can too.
### How Does It Relate To A Practical Computer?
Quite a lot actually -- Turing machines, unlike some equivalent models of computation, are the basis of practically every electronic [digital](digital.md) computer you will encounter; we might even say today's computers are just very pimped up, greatly [optimized](optimization.md) fancy Turing machines with added [input/output](io.md) devices, also having the practical limitation of only having finite memory. We may see the computer's [CPU](cpu.md) as the finite state machine -- the control unit -- i.e. the hardcoded basic program that's burned in the [hardware](hardware.md); this control unit is actually hardwired to implement the universal Turing machine, i.e. to interpret a program that's stored in memory, which achieves the [programmability](programming.md) of the computer. How to effectively encode programs so that they are small and fast to interpret is a matter of designing [instruction set architectures](isa.md). Everything around this, like multiple CPU cores, [GPUs](gpu.md), [caches](cache.md), [buses](bus.md) etc. are just things to make it all faster and more effective.
## See Also ## See Also
- [brainfuck](brainfuck.md) - [brainfuck](brainfuck.md)

2
wiki_pages.md
View file

File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long

178
wiki_stats.md
View file

@ -2,29 +2,29 @@
This is an autogenerated article holding stats about this wiki. This is an autogenerated article holding stats about this wiki.
- number of articles: 604 - number of articles: 606
- number of commits: 920 - number of commits: 921
- total size of all texts in bytes: 4558993 - total size of all texts in bytes: 4589722
- total number of lines of article texts: 34232 - total number of lines of article texts: 34491
- number of script lines: 294 - number of script lines: 294
- occurrences of the word "person": 9 - occurrences of the word "person": 9
- occurrences of the word "nigger": 98 - occurrences of the word "nigger": 99
longest articles: longest articles:
- [c_tutorial](c_tutorial.md): 128K - [c_tutorial](c_tutorial.md): 128K
- [exercises](exercises.md): 112K - [exercises](exercises.md): 112K
- [chess](chess.md): 76K - [chess](chess.md): 96K
- [capitalism](capitalism.md): 76K - [capitalism](capitalism.md): 76K
- [how_to](how_to.md): 72K - [how_to](how_to.md): 76K
- [less_retarded_society](less_retarded_society.md): 64K - [less_retarded_society](less_retarded_society.md): 64K
- [3d_rendering](3d_rendering.md): 56K - [3d_rendering](3d_rendering.md): 56K
- [faq](faq.md): 56K - [faq](faq.md): 56K
- [number](number.md): 52K - [number](number.md): 52K
- [c](c.md): 44K - [c](c.md): 44K
- [programming_language](programming_language.md): 44K - [programming_language](programming_language.md): 44K
- [3d_model](3d_model.md): 40K
- [woman](woman.md): 40K - [woman](woman.md): 40K
- [3d_model](3d_model.md): 40K
- [main](main.md): 40K - [main](main.md): 40K
- [internet](internet.md): 36K - [internet](internet.md): 36K
- [bloat](bloat.md): 36K - [bloat](bloat.md): 36K
@ -35,60 +35,92 @@ longest articles:
top 50 5+ letter words: top 50 5+ letter words:
- which (2538) - which (2551)
- there (1975) - there (1983)
- people (1820) - people (1822)
- example (1547) - example (1554)
- other (1428) - other (1434)
- number (1266) - number (1276)
- about (1253) - about (1260)
- software (1212) - software (1214)
- program (999) - program (1002)
- because (984) - because (997)
- their (974) - their (974)
- would (942) - would (942)
- being (891) - being (894)
- something (874) - something (885)
- things (866) - things (872)
- called (861) - called (864)
- language (850) - language (851)
- numbers (809) - numbers (811)
- simple (800) - simple (801)
- computer (794) - computer (799)
- without (767) - without (770)
- programming (736) - programming (736)
- different (720) - different (725)
- however (718) - however (724)
- function (718) - function (721)
- these (715) - these (718)
- world (670) - world (674)
- system (669) - system (670)
- doesn (645) - doesn (650)
- should (643) - should (647)
- while (631) - while (634)
- games (624) - still (626)
- still (619) - games (626)
- point (618) - point (619)
- drummyfish (606) - drummyfish (609)
- society (600) - society (600)
- simply (594) - simply (595)
- possible (581) - possible (586)
- using (579) - using (580)
- https (557)
- though (556) - though (556)
- https (556)
- course (551) - course (551)
- similar (545) - similar (546)
- always (540) - always (546)
- probably (532)
- memory (531) - memory (531)
- basically (527) - basically (530)
- probably (526) - really (522)
- technology (517) - technology (519)
- really (516) - value (515)
- value (513)
latest changes: latest changes:
``` ```
Date: Wed Nov 13 01:37:31 2024 +0100
4chan.md
ashley_jones.md
bill_gates.md
chaos.md
chess.md
cloudflare.md
drummyfish.md
exercises.md
freedom.md
how_to.md
lgbt.md
lotr.md
low_poly.md
lrs_dictionary.md
niggercoin.md
often_confused.md
pascal.md
pedophilia.md
programming_language.md
race.md
random_page.md
rust.md
shit.md
shitword.md
soyence.md
steganography.md
stereotype.md
tool_slave.md
wiki_pages.md
wiki_stats.md
woman.md
Date: Fri Nov 8 15:12:10 2024 +0100 Date: Fri Nov 8 15:12:10 2024 +0100
chess.md chess.md
disease.md disease.md
@ -96,32 +128,6 @@ Date: Fri Nov 8 15:12:10 2024 +0100
english.md english.md
football.md football.md
furry.md furry.md
game.md
gay.md
island.md
jokes.md
main.md
modern.md
needed.md
open_source.md
rust.md
shitword.md
stereotype.md
woman.md
xxiivv.md
zero.md
Date: Thu Nov 7 20:41:52 2024 +0100
random_page.md
shitword.md
wiki_pages.md
wiki_stats.md
Date: Thu Nov 7 20:33:28 2024 +0100
100r.md
adam_smith.md
bloat.md
island.md
lrs_dictionary.md
newspeak.md
``` ```
most wanted pages: most wanted pages:
@ -139,17 +145,17 @@ most wanted pages:
- [meme](meme.md) (10) - [meme](meme.md) (10)
- [drm](drm.md) (10) - [drm](drm.md) (10)
- [sdl](sdl.md) (9) - [sdl](sdl.md) (9)
- [retard](retard.md) (9)
- [pointer](pointer.md) (9) - [pointer](pointer.md) (9)
- [html](html.md) (9) - [html](html.md) (9)
- [gpu](gpu.md) (9)
- [emacs](emacs.md) (9) - [emacs](emacs.md) (9)
- [syntax](syntax.md) (8) - [syntax](syntax.md) (8)
- [retard](retard.md) (8)
- [gpu](gpu.md) (8)
- [gpl](gpl.md) (8) - [gpl](gpl.md) (8)
most popular and lonely pages: most popular and lonely pages:
- [lrs](lrs.md) (313) - [lrs](lrs.md) (314)
- [capitalism](capitalism.md) (259) - [capitalism](capitalism.md) (259)
- [c](c.md) (232) - [c](c.md) (232)
- [bloat](bloat.md) (224) - [bloat](bloat.md) (224)
@ -157,10 +163,10 @@ most popular and lonely pages:
- [game](game.md) (145) - [game](game.md) (145)
- [suckless](suckless.md) (144) - [suckless](suckless.md) (144)
- [proprietary](proprietary.md) (129) - [proprietary](proprietary.md) (129)
- [minimalism](minimalism.md) (110) - [minimalism](minimalism.md) (111)
- [modern](modern.md) (105) - [modern](modern.md) (105)
- [computer](computer.md) (105) - [computer](computer.md) (105)
- [censorship](censorship.md) (103) - [censorship](censorship.md) (104)
- [fun](fun.md) (101) - [fun](fun.md) (101)
- [kiss](kiss.md) (100) - [kiss](kiss.md) (100)
- [math](math.md) (97) - [math](math.md) (97)
@ -173,12 +179,12 @@ most popular and lonely pages:
- [fight_culture](fight_culture.md) (88) - [fight_culture](fight_culture.md) (88)
- [less_retarded_society](less_retarded_society.md) (84) - [less_retarded_society](less_retarded_society.md) (84)
- [free_culture](free_culture.md) (83) - [free_culture](free_culture.md) (83)
- [corporation](corporation.md) (83)
- [art](art.md) (83) - [art](art.md) (83)
- [woman](woman.md) (82)
- [public_domain](public_domain.md) (82) - [public_domain](public_domain.md) (82)
- [corporation](corporation.md) (82) - [chess](chess.md) (81)
- [woman](woman.md) (81) - [pseudoleft](pseudoleft.md) (79)
- [chess](chess.md) (80)
- [pseudoleft](pseudoleft.md) (78)
- ... - ...
- [bilinear](bilinear.md) (5) - [bilinear](bilinear.md) (5)
- [backpropagation](backpropagation.md) (5) - [backpropagation](backpropagation.md) (5)

4
wikipedia.md
View file

@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
*3 + 2 = 5^[citation_needed]* --Wikipedia *3 + 2 = 5^[citation_needed]* --Wikipedia
Wikipedia, the fair use encyclopedia, is a "non-commercial", partially [free/open](free_culture.md), highly [censored](censorship.md) ("child protecting", "ideology filtering", ...) [pseudoleftist](pseudoleft.md) [online](www.md) [encyclopedia](encyclopedia.md) of general knowledge and a [social network](social_network.md) written largely by volunteers, [corporations](corporation.md) and political activists, running on [free software](free_software.md), which used to be editable by anyone but currently allows only politically approved members of the public to edit a subset of its less visible non-locked articles (i.e. it is a [wiki](wiki.md)); it is the largest and perhaps most famous encyclopedia created to date, now sadly already littered by propaganda and countless other issues that make it not only inferior to other encyclopedias, but harmful to whole society. It is licensed under [CC-BY-SA](cc_by_sa.md) and is run by the "[nonprofit](nonprofit.md)" organization Wikimedia Foundation. It is accessible at https://wikipedia.org. Wikipedia is a mainstream information source and therefore extremely politically censored^1234567891011121314151617181920. Wikipedia's claim of so called "neutral point of view" (NPOV) has by now become a hilarious insult to human intelligence. It got corrupted and turned from documenting and recording truth to defining it -- for this [digdeeper](digdeeper.md) aptly called Wikipedia the *Ministry of Truth*. Wikipedia, the fair use encyclopedia, is a "non-commercial", partially [free/open](free_culture.md), highly [censored](censorship.md) ("child protecting", "ideology filtering", ...) [pseudoleftist](pseudoleft.md) [online](www.md) [encyclopedia](encyclopedia.md) of general knowledge and a [social network](social_network.md) written largely by volunteers, [corporations](corporation.md) and political activists, running on [free software](free_software.md), which used to be editable by anyone but currently allows only politically approved members of the public to edit a subset of its less visible non-locked articles (i.e. it is a [wiki](wiki.md)); it is the largest and perhaps most famous encyclopedia created to date, now sadly already littered by propaganda and countless other issues that make it not only inferior to other encyclopedias, but harmful to whole society. It is licensed under [CC-BY-SA](cc_by_sa.md) and is run by the "[nonprofit](nonprofit.md)" organization Wikimedia Foundation. It is accessible at https://wikipedia.org. Wikipedia is a mainstream information source and therefore extremely politically censored^1234567891011121314151617181920, basically allowing only mentioning "officially approved facts", without presenting objective, neutral overview of topics from different perspectives. Wikipedia's claim of so called "neutral point of view" (NPOV) has by now become a hilarious insult to human intelligence, it's been absolutely turned on its head. From a nice, underground project Wikipedia sadly rose to the mainstream, became one of the most visible places on the Internet, presenting huge attention [capital](capitalism.md), and like these stories always end, inevitably attracted corruption, abuse, and turned from documenting and recording truth to defining it -- for this [digdeeper](digdeeper.md) aptly called Wikipedia the *Ministry of Truth*.
WARNING: **DO NOT DONATE TO WIKIPEDIA** as the donations aren't used so much for running the servers but rather for their political activities (which are furthermore [unethical](pseudoleft.md)). See https://lunduke.locals.com/post/4458111/the-wiki-piggy-bank. Rather **donate to [Encyclopedia Dramatica](dramatica.md)**. Also please **go vandalize Wikipedia right now**, it's become too corrupt and needs to go down, vandalizing is [fun](fun.md) and you'll get banned sooner or later anyway :) Some tips on vandalizing Wikipedia can be found at https://encyclopediadramatica.online/Wikipedia#Tips_On_Vandalizing_Wikpedia or https://wiki.soyjaks.party/Vandalism. WARNING: **DO NOT DONATE TO WIKIPEDIA** as the donations aren't used so much for running the servers but rather for their political activities (which are furthermore [unethical](pseudoleft.md)). See https://lunduke.locals.com/post/4458111/the-wiki-piggy-bank. Rather **donate to [Encyclopedia Dramatica](dramatica.md)**. Also please **go vandalize Wikipedia right now**, it's become too corrupt and needs to go down, vandalizing is [fun](fun.md) and you'll get banned sooner or later anyway :) Some tips on vandalizing Wikipedia can be found at https://encyclopediadramatica.online/Wikipedia#Tips_On_Vandalizing_Wikpedia or https://wiki.soyjaks.party/Vandalism.
@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ And the bad things are (see also this site: http://digdeeper.club/articles/wikip
| | | |
| Give us 20 bucks please. | | Give us 20 bucks please. |
| | | |
| -- your encyclopedia that protects from bad information | | -- your encyclopedia that protects from unofficial facts |
| | | |
| this box was personally seen and signed and approved by | | this box was personally seen and signed and approved by |
| dear C.E.O. of the encyclopedia of peer reviewed truth | | dear C.E.O. of the encyclopedia of peer reviewed truth |