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4
4chan.md
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
{ haha https://lolwut.info/comp/4chan/4chan-g.html ~drummyfish }
4chan (https://4chan.org/, also 4cuck) is the most famous [image board](image_board.md), a website causing controversies by its low [censorship](censorship.md) and a place of great [fun](fun.md), [trolling](troll.md), toxicity and [memes](meme.md). As most image boards, 4chan has a nice, oldschool minimalist look, even though it contains shitty captchas for posting and the site's code is [proprietary](proprietary.md). The site tolerates a great amount of [free speech](free_speech.md) up to the point of being regularly labeled "right-wing extremist site", though it actually censors a lot of stuff and bans for stupid reasons such as harmless [pedo](pedophilia.md) [jokes](jokes.md) are very common (speaking from experience) -- 4chan global rules for example PROHIBIT CRITICISING 4chan (LMAO, rule no. 8), doxxing and call for raids. Being a "rightist paradise" it is commonly seen as a rival to [reddit](reddit.md), aka the [pseudoleftist](pseudoleft.md) paradise -- both forums hate each other to death. The discussion style is pretty nice, there are many nice stories and memes (e.g. the famous [greentexts](greentext.md)) coming from 4chan but it can also be a hugely depressing place just due to the shear number of retards with incorrect opinions.
4chan (https://4chan.org/, also 4cuck) is the most famous [image board](image_board.md), a website causing controversies by its low [censorship](censorship.md) and a place of great [fun](fun.md), [trolling](troll.md), toxicity and [memes](meme.md). As most image boards, 4chan has a nice, oldschool minimalist look, even though it contains shitty [captchas](captcha.md) for posting and the site's code is [proprietary](proprietary.md). The site tolerates a great amount of [free speech](free_speech.md) up to the point of being regularly labeled "right-wing extremist site", though it actually censors a lot of stuff and bans for stupid reasons such as harmless [pedo](pedophilia.md) [jokes](jokes.md) are very common (speaking from experience) -- 4chan global rules for example PROHIBIT CRITICISING 4chan (LMAO, rule no. 8), doxxing and call for raids. Being a "rightist paradise" it is commonly seen as a rival to [reddit](reddit.md), aka the [pseudoleftist](pseudoleft.md) paradise -- both forums hate each other to death. The discussion style is pretty nice, there are many nice stories and memes (e.g. the famous [greentexts](greentext.md)) coming from 4chan but it can also be a hugely depressing place just due to the shear number of retards with incorrect opinions.
Just as reddit consists of subcommunities known as subreddits, 4chan consists of different boards (just as other image boards), each with given discussion topic and rules. The most (in)famous boards are likely *politically incorrect* AKA /pol/, where most of the american school shooters hang around, and *random* AKA /b/, the most active board, which is just a shitton of [meme](meme.md) shitposting, [porn](porn.md), [toxicity](toxic.md), [fun](fun.md), [trolling](troll.md) and retardedness.
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ For us the most important part of 4chan is the technology board known as /g/ (fo
UPDATE: As of 2022 /g/ became literally unreadable, ABANDON SHIP. The board became flooded with [capitalists](capitalism.md), cryptofascists, proprietary [shills](shill.md), [productivity](productivity_cult.md) freaks and other uber retards, it's really not worth reading anymore. You can still read good old threads on archives such as https://desuarchive.org/g/page/280004/. Some other more relaxed boards such as /x/ may still be alright though.
Despite dwelling a bit underground -- or rather being isolated from normie "safespaces" by [censorship](censorship.md) -- 4chan has really been extremely significant for the whole Internet [culture](culture.md), whole books could be written about its history, culture, mechanism of its working and impact on the rest of the cyberspace; the "4chan experience" is one of the things that can't appropriately be described by words, it has to be lived. Just like reddit mixed some interesting concepts into a unique, yet more powerful combination that's more than a sum of its parts, so did 4chan -- yes, other boards are to be credited for this too, but 4chan is the flagship, the center of it all. Especially important seems to be the anonymity aspect, you never know who you are talking to, it's never clear if someone is [trolling](troll.md), serious, shilling, extremely dumb or something in between. There is no karma, no handles, no profile pictures, no upvotes (at best there are numbers of replies), no post history, no account age, you have to learn to judge people by other things, for example by the style of their talk, their knowledge of the [lore](lore.md) and latest [memes](meme.md), by how they format their posts (e.g. the infamously hated empty lines), what images they attach (and what they're file names are), as these are the only clues. A thread on 4chan isn't something with a clear goal, you don't know if someone is asking a question because he wants a genuine answer or because he's just bored and wants to see funny answers, or if he's posting a bait and is trying to trigger others, so each discussion is a bit of a game, you're trying to guess what's going on. Also everything is temporary, every thread and image is deleted in a short time, which is an important factor too, everything is constantly in motion, people have to react quickly, there is no turning back, reactions are quick and genuine, if you miss something it's gone. Also the image memes themselves show how [art](art.md) (who cares if low) evolves if completely unrestrained, anyone can try to spawn a new meme or download anyone else's posted meme, repost it or [modify](remix_culture.md) it, copyright mostly [de facto](de_facto.md) won't apply as the authors are unknown; bad works are filtered out while good ones remain simply by making others save them and keep reposting them, it's art without authors, separated from the people, evolving completely on its own, purely by its intrinsic attributes, unconstrained evolution at work right before our eyes -- this is a seriously scientifically [interesting](interesting.md) stuff.
Despite dwelling slightly [underground](underground.md) -- maybe better said being isolated from the normie "safespace" [censornet](censorship.md) -- 4chan has really been very notably significant for the whole Internet [culture](culture.md), long [books](book.md) could be written about its [history](history.md), culture, unique, intricate social mechanism of its ways of communication and impact on the rest of the cyberspace; the "4chan experience" is one of the things that can't faithfully be described by words, it has to be lived. Just like reddit mixed some interesting concepts into a unique, yet more powerful combination that's more than a sum of its ingredients, so did 4chan -- yes, other boards are to be credited for this too, but 4chan is the flagship, the center of it all. Especially important seems to be the anonymity aspect, you never know who you are talking to, it's never clear if someone is [trolling](troll.md), serious, shilling, extremely dumb or something in between. There is no karma, no handles, no profile pictures, no upvotes (at best there are numbers of replies), no post history, no account age, you have to rely on judging people by unusual attributes, for example by the style of their talk, their knowledge of the [lore](lore.md) and latest [memes](meme.md), by how they format their posts (e.g. the infamously hated empty lines), what images they attach (and what they're file names are), as these are the only clues. A thread on 4chan isn't something with a clear goal, you don't know if someone is asking a question because he wants a genuine answer or because he's just bored and wants to see funny answers, or if he's posting a bait and is trying to trigger others, so each discussion is a bit of a game, you're trying to guess what's going on. A famous post, for example, had itself heard that the poster despises translations of books and always reads any book in its original language despite not understanding a word of it, and that he already read works such as Don Quixote and Les Miserables in their respective languages without knowing what they were about -- this stupidity combined with extreme determination and dedication captures part of what makes 4chan what it is. Also everything is temporary, every thread and image is deleted in a short time, which is an important factor too, everything is constantly in motion, people have to react quickly, there is no turning back, reactions are quick and genuine, if you miss something it's gone. Also the image memes themselves show how [art](art.md) (who cares if low) evolves if completely unrestrained, anyone can try to spawn a new meme or download anyone else's posted meme, repost it or [modify](remix_culture.md) it, copyright mostly [de facto](de_facto.md) won't apply as the authors are unknown; bad works are filtered out while good ones remain simply by making others save them and keep reposting them, it's art without authors, separated from the people, evolving completely on its own, purely by its intrinsic attributes, unconstrained evolution at work right before our eyes -- this is a seriously scientifically [interesting](interesting.md) stuff.
**Alternatives to 4chan**: just check out other image boards like 8kun, anon.cafe, leftychan.net, wizardchan, soyjak.party, [BAI](bai.md), 1436chan ([gopher](gopher.md)) etc. Also check out other types of forums than image boards such as saidit.net, voat or [encyclopedia dramatica](encyclopedia_dramatica.md) forums. You won't have much success searching for these using [Goolag](google.md).

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ascii_art.md
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@ -200,5 +200,6 @@ This program is extremely simple, it just reads an image in [PPM](ppm.md) format
- [ANSI art](ansi_art.md)
- [pixel art](pixel_art.md)
- [plain text](plain_text.md)
- [emoticon](emoticon.md)
- [cowsay](cowsay.md)
- [figlet](figlet.md)

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bullshit.md
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@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ Some things that are bullshit include:
- [security](security.md)
- [states](state.md)
- [UML](uml.md)
- [unions](union.md)
- ...
OK then, what's not bullshit? Well, things that matter, for example [food](food.md), health, [education](education.md), [love](love.md), [fun](fun.md), [art](art.md), [technology](technology.md), knowledge about the world, [science](science.md), [morality](morality.md), exploration, ...

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c_tutorial.md
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@ -1113,7 +1113,7 @@ int main()
`#define ARRAY_SIZE 10` creates a macro that can be seen as a constant named `ARRAY_SIZE` which stands for `10`. From this line on any occurence of `ARRAY_SIZE` that the preprocessor encounters in the code will be replaced with `10`. The reason for doing this is obvious -- we respect the [DRY](dry.md) (don't repeat yourself) principle, if we didn't use a constant for the array size and used the direct numeric value `10` in different parts of the code, it would be difficult to change them all later, especially in a very long code, there's a danger we'd miss some. With a constant it is enough to change one line in the code (e.g. `#define ARRAY_SIZE 10` to `#define ARRAY_SIZE 20`).
The macro substitution is literally a copy-paste text replacement, there is nothing very complex going on. This means you can create a nickname for almost anything (for example you could do `#define when if` and then also use `when` in place of `if` -- but it's probably not a very good idea). By convention macro names are to be `ALL_UPPER_CASE` (so that whenever you see an all upper case word in the source code, you know it's a macro).
The macro substitution is literally a glorified copy-paste text replacement, there is nothing very complex going on. This means you can create a nickname for almost anything (for example you could do `#define when if` and then also use `when` in place of `if` -- but it's probably not a very good idea). By convention macro names are to be `ALL_UPPER_CASE` (so that whenever you see an all upper case word in the source code, you know it's a macro).
Macros can optionally take parameters similarly to functions. There are no data types, just parameter names. The usage is demonstrated by the following code:

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communism.md
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*"Imagine no possession"* --John Lennon
Communism (from *communis* -- common, shared) is a very wide term which most generally stands for the idea that sharing and equality should be the basic values and principles of a society; as such it is a [leftist](left_right.md) idea which falls under [socialism](socialism.md) (i.e. basically focusing on people at large). There are very many branches, theories, political ideologies and schools of thought somewhat based on communism, for example [Marxism](marxism.md), [Leninism](leninism.md), [anarcho communism](ancom.md), primitive communism, Christian communism, Buddhist communism etc. -- of course, some of these are good while others are evil and only abuse the word communism as a kind of *brand* (as also happens e.g. with [anarchism](anarchism.md)). Sadly after the disastrous failure of the violent pseudocommunist revolutions of the 20th century, most people came to equate the word communism with oppressive militant regimes, however we have to stress that **communism is NOT equal to [USSR](ussr.md), Marxism-Leninism, Stalinism or any other form of pseudocommunism**, on the contrary, such regimes were rather hierarchical, violent and pseudocommunist, often downright [fascist](fascism.md). We ourselves embrace true communism and base our [LRS](lrs.md) and [less retarded society](less_retarded_society.md) on ideas of unconditional sharing. **Yes, large communist societies have existed and worked**, for example the [Inca](inca.md) empire worked without [money](money.md) and provided FREE food, clothes, houses, health care, education and other products of collective work to everyone, according to his needs. Many other communities also work on more or less communist principles, see e.g. Jewish kibbutz, Sikhist [langar](langar.md), [free software](free_software.md), or even just most families for that matter. Of course, no one says the mentioned societies and groups are or were [ideal](less_retarded_society.md), just that the principles of communism DO work, that communism should be considered a necessary attribute of an ideal society and that ideal society is not impossible due to impossibility of communism because as we see, it is indeed possible. The color [red](red.md) is usually associated with communism and the "hammer and sickle" (U+262D) is taken as its symbol, though that's mostly associated with the evil communist regimes and so its usage by LRS supporters is probably better be avoided.
Communism (from *communis* -- common, shared) is a very wide term which most generally stands for the idea that sharing and equality should be the basic values and principles of a society; as such it is a [leftist](left_right.md) idea which falls under [socialism](socialism.md) (i.e. basically focusing on people at large). There are very many branches, theories, political ideologies and schools of thought somewhat based on communism, for example [Marxism](marxism.md), [Leninism](leninism.md), [anarcho communism](ancom.md), primitive communism, Christian communism, Buddhist communism etc. -- of course, some of these are good while others are evil and only abuse the word communism as a kind of *brand* (as also happens e.g. with [anarchism](anarchism.md)). Sadly after the disastrous failure of the violent pseudocommunist revolutions of the 20th century, most people came to equate the word communism with oppressive militant regimes, however we have to stress that **communism is NOT equal to [USSR](ussr.md), Marxism-Leninism, Stalinism or any other form of pseudocommunism**, on the contrary such regimes were rather hierarchical, nonegalitarian and violent, we might even say downright [fascist](fascism.md). We ourselves embrace true communism and build our [LRS](lrs.md) and [less retarded society](less_retarded_society.md) on ideas of unconditional sharing. **Yes, large communist societies have existed and worked**, for example the [Inca](inca.md) empire worked without [money](money.md) and provided FREE food, clothes, houses, health care, education and other products of collective work to everyone, according to his needs. Many other communities also work on more or less communist principles, see e.g. Jewish kibbutz, Sikhist [langar](langar.md), [free software](free_software.md), or even just most families for that matter. Of course, no one says the mentioned societies and groups are or were [ideal](less_retarded_society.md), just that the principles of communism DO work, that communism should be considered a necessary attribute of an ideal society and that ideal society is not impossible due to impossibility of communism because as we see, it is indeed possible. The color [red](red.md) is usually associated with communism and the "hammer and sickle" (U+262D) is taken as its symbol, though that's mostly associated with the evil communist regimes and so its usage by LRS supporters is probably better be avoided.
Common ideas usually associated with communism are (please keep in mind that this may differ depending on the specific flavor of communism):

1
diogenes.md
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@ -31,3 +31,4 @@ least is said to have done):
- [cynicism](cynicism.md)
- [Buddha](buddha.md)
- [Jesus](jesus.md)
- [Pythagoras](pythagoras.md)

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distrohopping.md
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# Distrohopping
Distrohopping is a serious mental illness that makes people waste lives on constantly switching [GNU](gnu.md)/[linux](linux.md) [distributions](distro.md) ("distros"). This affects mostly those of the lowest skill in tech who feel the need to LARP as wannabe tech nerds; as it's been said, an amateur is obsessed with tools, an expert is obsessed with mastery ([Richard Stallman](rms.md) has for example famously never installed GNU/Linux himself as he has better things to do) -- a true programmer will just settle with a comfy [Unix](unix.md) environment that can run [vim](vim.md) and dedicate his time to creating a timeless source code while the hopper, like a mere animal, is just busy masturbating to a new bastard child of Ubuntu and Arch Linux that adds a new wallpaper and support for [vertical mice](vertical_mouse.md) -- **such an activity is basically as retarded as mainstream tech [consumerism](consumerism.md)** with the only difference being a hopper isn't limited by finance so he can just distrohop 24/7 and hop himself to death.
Distrohopping is a serious mental [illness](disease.md) that makes people waste lives on constantly switching [GNU](gnu.md)/[linux](linux.md) [distributions](distro.md) ("distros"). This affects mostly those of the lowest skill in tech who feel the need to LARP as wannabe tech nerds; as it's been said, an amateur is obsessed with tools, an expert is obsessed with mastery ([Richard Stallman](rms.md) has for example famously never installed GNU/Linux himself as he has better things to do) -- a true programmer will just settle with a comfy [Unix](unix.md) environment that can run [vim](vim.md) and dedicate his time to creating a timeless source code while the hopper, like a mere animal, is just busy masturbating to a new bastard child of Ubuntu and Arch Linux that adds a new wallpaper and support for [vertical mice](vertical_mouse.md) -- **such an activity is basically as retarded as mainstream tech [consumerism](consumerism.md)** with the only difference being a hopper isn't limited by finance so he can just distrohop 24/7 and hop himself to death.
TODO: cure? take the bsd pill? :-)

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dog.md
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@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Send this to anyone who's feeling down :)
|_)_) |_)_)
```
The dog is the symbol of the [cynics](cynicism.md).
Dog is the symbol of [cynics](cynicism.md).
## See Also

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emoticon.md Normal file
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# Emoticon
TODO
Using [Unicode](unicode.md) in emoticons is considered cheap [cheating](cheating.md), so we won't do that here.
Here are some emoticons:
```
: ; = 8 B X
) :) :-) :o) ;) ;-) ;o) =) =-) =o) 8) 8-) 8o) B) B-) Bo) X) X-) Xo)
:') :^) :~) ;') ;^) ;~) =') =^) =~) 8') 8^) 8~) B') B^) B~) X') X^) X~)
( :( :-( :o( ;( ;-( ;o( =( =-( =o( 8( 8-( 8o( B( B-( Bo( X( X-( Xo(
:'( :^( :~( ;'( ;^( ;~( ='( =^( =~( 8'( 8^( 8~( B'( B^( B~( X'( X^( X~(
| :| :-| :o| ;| ;-| ;o| =| =-| =o| 8| 8-| 8o| B| B-| Bo| X| X-| Xo|
:'| :^| :~| ;'| ;^| ;~| ='| =^| =~| 8'| 8^| 8~| B'| B^| B~| X'| X^| X~|
/ :/ :-/ :o/ ;/ ;-/ ;o/ =/ =-/ =o/ 8/ 8-/ 8o/ B/ B-/ Bo/ X/ X-/ Xo/
:'/ :^/ :~/ ;'/ ;^/ ;~/ ='/ =^/ =~/ 8'/ 8^/ 8~/ B'/ B^/ B~/ X'/ X^/ X~/
\ :\ :-\ :o\ ;\ ;-\ ;o\ =\ =-\ =o\ 8\ 8-\ 8o\ B\ B-\ Bo\ X\ X-\ Xo\
:'\ :^\ :~\ ;'\ ;^\ ;~\ ='\ =^\ =~\ 8'\ 8^\ 8~\ B'\ B^\ B~\ X'\ X^\ X~\
{ :{ :-{ :o{ ;{ ;-{ ;o{ ={ =-{ =o{ 8{ 8-{ 8o{ B{ B-{ Bo{ X{ X-{ Xo{
:'{ :^{ :~{ ;'{ ;^{ ;~{ ='{ =^{ =~{ 8'{ 8^{ 8~{ B'{ B^{ B~{ X'{ X^{ X~{
} :} :-} :o} ;} ;-} ;o} =} =-} =o} 8} 8-} 8o} B} B-} Bo} X} X-} Xo}
:'} :^} :~} ;'} ;^} ;~} ='} =^} =~} 8'} 8^} 8~} B'} B^} B~} X'} X^} X~}
[ :[ :-[ :o[ ;[ ;-[ ;o[ =[ =-[ =o[ 8[ 8-[ 8o[ B[ B-[ Bo[ X[ X-[ Xo[
:'[ :^[ :~[ ;'[ ;^[ ;~[ ='[ =^[ =~[ 8'[ 8^[ 8~[ B'[ B^[ B~[ X'[ X^[ X~[
] :] :-] :o] ;] ;-] ;o] =] =-] =o] 8] 8-] 8o] B] B-] Bo] X] X-] Xo]
:'] :^] :~] ;'] ;^] ;~] ='] =^] =~] 8'] 8^] 8~] B'] B^] B~] X'] X^] X~]
O :O :-O :oO ;O ;-O ;oO =O =-O =oO 8O 8-O 8oO BO B-O BoO XO X-O XoO
:'O :^O :~O ;'O ;^O ;~O ='O =^O =~O 8'O 8^O 8~O B'O B^O B~O X'O X^O X~O
P :P :-P :oP ;P ;-P ;oP =P =-P =oP 8P 8-P 8oP BP B-P BoP XP X-P XoP
:'P :^P :~P ;'P ;^P ;~P ='P =^P =~P 8'P 8^P 8~P B'P B^P B~P X'P X^P X~P
p :p :-p :op ;p ;-p ;op =p =-p =op 8p 8-p 8op Bp B-p Bop Xp X-p Xop
:'p :^p :~p ;'p ;^p ;~p ='p =^p =~p 8'p 8^p 8~p B'p B^p B~p X'p X^p X~p
D :D :-D :oD ;D ;-D ;oD =D =-D =oD 8D 8-D 8oD BD B-D BoD XD X-D XoD
:'D :^D :~D ;'D ;^D ;~D ='D =^D =~D 8'D 8^D 8~D B'D B^D B~D X'D X^D X~D
3 :3 :-3 :o3 ;3 ;-3 ;o3 =3 =-3 =o3 83 8-3 8o3 B3 B-3 Bo3 X3 X-3 Xo3
:'3 :^3 :~3 ;'3 ;^3 ;~3 ='3 =^3 =~3 8'3 8^3 8~3 B'3 B^3 B~3 X'3 X^3 X~3
C :C :-C :oC ;C ;-C ;oC =C =-C =oC 8C 8-C 8oC BC B-C BoC XC X-C XoC
:'C :^C :~C ;'C ;^C ;~C ='C =^C =~C 8'C 8^C 8~C B'C B^C B~C X'C X^C X~C
c :c :-c :oc ;c ;-c ;oc =c =-c =oc 8c 8-c 8oc Bc B-c Boc Xc X-c Xoc
:'c :^c :~c ;'c ;^c ;~c ='c =^c =~c 8'c 8^c 8~c B'c B^c B~c X'c X^c X~c
S :S :-S :oS ;S ;-S ;oS =S =-S =oS 8S 8-S 8oS BS B-S BoS XS X-S XoS
:'S :^S :~S ;'S ;^S ;~S ='S =^S =~S 8'S 8^S 8~S B'S B^S B~S X'S X^S X~S
* :* :-* :o* ;* ;-* ;o* =* =-* =o* 8* 8-* 8o* B* B-* Bo* X* X-* Xo*
:'* :^* :~* ;'* ;^* ;~* ='* =^* =~* 8'* 8^* 8~* B'* B^* B~* X'* X^* X~*
: ; = 8 X
) ): )-: )o: ); )-; )o; )= )-= )o= )8 )-8 )o8 )X )-X )oX
)': )^: )~: )'; )^; )~; )'= )^= )~= )'8 )^8 )~8 )'X )^X )~X
( (: (-: (o: (; (-; (o; (= (-= (o= (8 (-8 (o8 (X (-X (oX
(': (^: (~: ('; (^; (~; ('= (^= (~= ('8 (^8 (~8 ('X (^X (~X
| |: |-: |o: |; |-; |o; |= |-= |o= |8 |-8 |o8 |X |-X |oX
|': |^: |~: |'; |^; |~; |'= |^= |~= |'8 |^8 |~8 |'X |^X |~X
/ /: /-: /o: /; /-; /o; /= /-= /o= /8 /-8 /o8 /X /-X /oX
/': /^: /~: /'; /^; /~; /'= /^= /~= /'8 /^8 /~8 /'X /^X /~X
\ \: \-: \o: \; \-; \o; \= \-= \o= \8 \-8 \o8 \X \-X \oX
\': \^: \~: \'; \^; \~; \'= \^= \~= \'8 \^8 \~8 \'X \^X \~X
{ {: {-: {o: {; {-; {o; {= {-= {o= {8 {-8 {o8 {X {-X {oX
{': {^: {~: {'; {^; {~; {'= {^= {~= {'8 {^8 {~8 {'X {^X {~X
} }: }-: }o: }; }-; }o; }= }-= }o= }8 }-8 }o8 }X }-X }oX
}': }^: }~: }'; }^; }~; }'= }^= }~= }'8 }^8 }~8 }'X }^X }~X
[ [: [-: [o: [; [-; [o; [= [-= [o= [8 [-8 [o8 [X [-X [oX
[': [^: [~: ['; [^; [~; ['= [^= [~= ['8 [^8 [~8 ['X [^X [~X
] ]: ]-: ]o: ]; ]-; ]o; ]= ]-= ]o= ]8 ]-8 ]o8 ]X ]-X ]oX
]': ]^: ]~: ]'; ]^; ]~; ]'= ]^= ]~= ]'8 ]^8 ]~8 ]'X ]^X ]~X
O O: O-: Oo: O; O-; Oo; O= O-= Oo= O8 O-8 Oo8 OX O-X OoX
O': O^: O~: O'; O^; O~; O'= O^= O~= O'8 O^8 O~8 O'X O^X O~X
q q: q-: qo: q; q-; qo; q= q-= qo= q8 q-8 qo8 qX q-X qoX
q': q^: q~: q'; q^; q~; q'= q^= q~= q'8 q^8 q~8 q'X q^X q~X
C C: C-: Co: C; C-; Co; C= C-= Co= C8 C-8 Co8 CX C-X CoX
C': C^: C~: C'; C^; C~; C'= C^= C~= C'8 C^8 C~8 C'X C^X C~X
c c: c-: co: c; c-; co; c= c-= co= c8 c-8 co8 cX c-X coX
c': c^: c~: c'; c^; c~; c'= c^= c~= c'8 c^8 c~8 c'X c^X c~X
S S: S-: So: S; S-; So; S= S-= So= S8 S-8 So8 SX S-X SoX
S': S^: S~: S'; S^; S~; S'= S^= S~= S'8 S^8 S~8 S'X S^X S~X
* *: *-: *o: *; *-; *o; *= *-= *o= *8 *-8 *o8 *X *-X *oX
*': *^: *~: *'; *^; *~; *'= *^= *~= *'8 *^8 *~8 *'X *^X *~X
:-|| >-) :)) :^} :'-( B{|} >:( xD
_ - ~ . v w o ...
OO O_O (O_O) O-O (O-O) O~O (O~O) O.O (O.O) OvO (OvO) OwO (OwO) OoO (OoO) O...O (O...O)
[O_O] {O_O} [O-O] {O-O} [O~O] {O~O} [O.O] {O.O} [OvO] {OvO} [OwO] {OwO} [OoO] {OoO} [O...O] {O...O}
oo o_o (o_o) o-o (o-o) o~o (o~o) o.o (o.o) ovo (ovo) owo (owo) ooo (ooo) o...o (o...o)
[o_o] {o_o} [o-o] {o-o} [o~o] {o~o} [o.o] {o.o} [ovo] {ovo} [owo] {owo} [ooo] {ooo} [o...o] {o...o}
Oo O_o (O_o) O-o (O-o) O~o (O~o) O.o (O.o) Ovo (Ovo) Owo (Owo) Ooo (Ooo) O...o (O...o)
[O_o] {O_o} [O-o] {O-o} [O~o] {O~o} [O.o] {O.o} [Ovo] {Ovo} [Owo] {Owo} [Ooo] {Ooo} [O...o] {O...o}
00 0_0 (0_0) 0-0 (0-0) 0~0 (0~0) 0.0 (0.0) 0v0 (0v0) 0w0 (0w0) 0o0 (0o0) 0...0 (0...0)
[0_0] {0_0} [0-0] {0-0} [0~0] {0~0} [0.0] {0.0} [0v0] {0v0} [0w0] {0w0} [0o0] {0o0} [0...0] {0...0}
QQ Q_Q (Q_Q) Q-Q (Q-Q) Q~Q (Q~Q) Q.Q (Q.Q) QvQ (QvQ) QwQ (QwQ) QoQ (QoQ) Q...Q (Q...Q)
[Q_Q] {Q_Q} [Q-Q] {Q-Q} [Q~Q] {Q~Q} [Q.Q] {Q.Q} [QvQ] {QvQ} [QwQ] {QwQ} [QoQ] {QoQ} [Q...Q] {Q...Q}
PP P_P (P_P) P-P (P-P) P~P (P~P) P.P (P.P) PvP (PvP) PwP (PwP) PoP (PoP) P...P (P...P)
[P_P] {P_P} [P-P] {P-P} [P~P] {P~P} [P.P] {P.P} [PvP] {PvP} [PwP] {PwP} [PoP] {PoP} [P...P] {P...P}
^^ ^_^ (^_^) ^-^ (^-^) ^~^ (^~^) ^.^ (^.^) ^v^ (^v^) ^w^ (^w^) ^o^ (^o^) ^...^ (^...^)
[^_^] {^_^} [^-^] {^-^} [^~^] {^~^} [^.^] {^.^} [^v^] {^v^} [^w^] {^w^} [^o^] {^o^} [^...^] {^...^}
;; ;_; (;_;) ;-; (;-;) ;~; (;~;) ;.; (;.;) ;v; (;v;) ;w; (;w;) ;o; (;o;) ;...; (;...;)
[;_;] {;_;} [;-;] {;-;} [;~;] {;~;} [;.;] {;.;} [;v;] {;v;} [;w;] {;w;} [;o;] {;o;} [;...;] {;...;}
'' '_' ('_') '-' ('-') '~' ('~') '.' ('.') 'v' ('v') 'w' ('w') 'o' ('o') '...' ('...')
['_'] {'_'} ['-'] {'-'} ['~'] {'~'} ['.'] {'.'} ['v'] {'v'} ['w'] {'w'} ['o'] {'o'} ['...'] {'...'}
.. ._. (._.) .-. (.-.) .~. (.~.) ... (...) .v. (.v.) .w. (.w.) .o. (.o.) ..... (.....)
[._.] {._.} [.-.] {.-.} [.~.] {.~.} [...] {...} [.v.] {.v.} [.w.] {.w.} [.o.] {.o.} [.....] {.....}
UU U_U (U_U) U-U (U-U) U~U (U~U) U.U (U.U) UvU (UvU) UwU (UwU) UoU (UoU) U...U (U...U)
[U_U] {U_U} [U-U] {U-U} [U~U] {U~U} [U.U] {U.U} [UvU] {UvU} [UwU] {UwU} [UoU] {UoU} [U...U] {U...U}
-- -_- (-_-) --- (---) -~- (-~-) -.- (-.-) -v- (-v-) -w- (-w-) -o- (-o-) -...- (-...-)
[-_-] {-_-} [---] {---} [-~-] {-~-} [-.-] {-.-} [-v-] {-v-} [-w-] {-w-} [-o-] {-o-} [-...-] {-...-}
~~ ~_~ (~_~) ~-~ (~-~) ~~~ (~~~) ~.~ (~.~) ~v~ (~v~) ~w~ (~w~) ~o~ (~o~) ~...~ (~...~)
[~_~] {~_~} [~-~] {~-~} [~~~] {~~~} [~.~] {~.~} [~v~] {~v~} [~w~] {~w~} [~o~] {~o~} [~...~] {~...~}
>< >_< (>_<) >-< (>-<) >~< (>~<) >.< (>.<) >v< (>v<) >w< (>w<) >o< (>o<) >...< (>...<)
[>_<] {>_<} [>-<] {>-<} [>~<] {>~<} [>.<] {>.<} [>v<] {>v<} [>w<] {>w<} [>o<] {>o<} [>...<] {>...<}
** *_* (*_*) *-* (*-*) *~* (*~*) *.* (*.*) *v* (*v*) *w* (*w*) *o* (*o*) *...* (*...*)
[*_*] {*_*} [*-*] {*-*} [*~*] {*~*} [*.*] {*.*} [*v*] {*v*} [*w*] {*w*} [*o*] {*o*} [*...*] {*...*}
<(o)_(o)> \[@]_[@]/ <>_<> [(O___O)] (> 0 _0)> (~_~;) (=^.^=) m(_ _)m
salutations: o/ \o o7 \o/
8====D {|} ,,|,, (. (. )
@}->-- <3 </3
```

5
encyclopedia.md
View file

@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
Encyclopedia (also encyclopaedia, cyclopedia or cyclopaedia, from Greek *enkyklios paideia*, roughly "general education") is a large [book](book.md) (or a series of books) providing structured summary of wide knowledge in one or many fields of knowledge (such as [mathematics](math.md), [history](history.md), engineering, general knowledge etc.), usually structured as a collection of alphabetically ordered articles on terms used in the field. Paper encyclopedias are oftentimes printed in several volumes as the amount of contained information is too great for a single book (in large ones you may even see one or two volumes dedicated ONLY for the [index](index.md)). The largest and most famous encyclopedia to date is the online [Wikipedia](wikipedia.md) created by volunteers in [free culture](free_culture.md) spirit, however Wikipedia suffers from significant issues such as [censorship](censorship.md), high political propaganda and low quality of writing, therefore it is important to also stay interested in other encyclopedias such as Britannica, Americana or [LRS wiki](lrs_wiki.md).
**Encyclopedias are awesome**, get as many of them as you can, especially the printed ones -- they are usually relatively cheap (especially second hand books) and provide an ENORMOUS amount of information, FOREVER (no one can cancel your physically owned paper book, you will retain it even after the [collapse](collapse.md) when such books will become practically your only source of human knowledge). Also remember, paper books are still of much higher quality than online resources such as [Wikipedia](wikipedia.md) -- even if they lose in terms of shear volume, they make up in quality of writing and still many times contain information that's not available online, and the older ones are more objective and trustworthy, considering the decline of [free speech](free_speech.md) online. Shorter articles may also do a better job at providing overall summary of a topic and filtering out less important information, as opposed to a gigantic Wikipedia article. Furthermore even if such a book isn't [free as in freedom](free_culture.md), the knowledge, information and data contained in it is in the [public domain](public_domain.md) as such things cannot (yet) be owned, therefore it is possible to legally paraphrase the information into a new source which we may make public domain itself (however watch out to not merely copy-paste texts from encyclopedias as text CAN be [copyrighted](copyright.md), as well as e.g. the mere selection of which facts to include; always be very careful).
**Encyclopedias are [awesome](awesome.md)**, get as many of them as you can, especially the printed ones -- they are usually relatively cheap (especially second hand books) and provide an ENORMOUS amount of information, FOREVER (no one can cancel your physically owned paper book, you will retain it even after the [collapse](collapse.md) when such books will become practically your only source of human knowledge). Also remember, paper books are still of much higher quality than online resources such as [Wikipedia](wikipedia.md) -- even if they lose in terms of shear volume, they make up in quality of writing and still many times contain information that's not available online, and the older ones are more objective and trustworthy, considering the decline of [free speech](free_speech.md) online. Shorter articles may also do a better job at providing overall summary of a topic and filtering out less important information, as opposed to a gigantic Wikipedia article. Furthermore even if such a book isn't [free as in freedom](free_culture.md), the knowledge, information and data contained in it is in the [public domain](public_domain.md) as such things cannot (yet) be owned, therefore it is possible to legally paraphrase the information into a new source which we may make public domain itself (however watch out to not merely copy-paste texts from encyclopedias as text CAN be [copyrighted](copyright.md), as well as e.g. the mere selection of which facts to include; always be very careful).
Since an encyclopedia will typically focus on encompassing wide knowledge, as the other side of the coin its disadvantage will also oftentimes be shallowness, it will go into greater depth only on very important topics, although very big encyclopedias largely eliminate this issue and go fairly deep on all subjects; encyclopedias specialized on some particular subject can also afford to provide in-depth knowledge.
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Great nerds read encyclopedias linearly from start to finish just like a normal
**Similar terms:** encyclopedias, which also used to be called **cyclopedias** in the past, are similar to **dictionaries** and these types of books often overlap (many encyclopedias call themselves dictionaries); the main difference is that a dictionary focuses on providing linguistic information and generally has shorter term definitions, while encyclopedias have longer articles (which however limits their total number, i.e. encyclopedias will usually prefer quality over quantity). Encyclopedias are also a subset of so called **reference works**, i.e. works that serve to provide [information](information.md) and reference to it (other kinds of reference works being e.g. world maps, tabulated values or [API](api.md) references). A **universal/general** encyclopedia is one that focuses on human knowledge at wide, as opposed to an encyclopedia that focuses on one specific field of knowledge. **Compendium** can be seen almost as a synonym to encyclopedia, with encyclopedias perhaps usually being more general and extensive. **Almanac** is also similar to encyclopedia, more focusing on tabular data. **Micropedia** is another term, sometimes used to denote a smaller encyclopedia (one edition of Britannica came with a micropedia as well as a larger macropedia).
These are some **nice/interesting/benchmark articles** to look up in encyclopedias: [algorithm](algorithm.md), [anarchism](anarchism.md), Andromeda (galaxy), Antarctica, Atlantis, atom, [axiom of choice](axiom_of_choice.md), [Bible](bible.md), [big bang](big_bang.md), [black hole](black_hole.md), [brain](brain.md), [Buddhism](buddhism.md), [C](c.md) (programming language), [cannibalism](cannibalism.md), [capitalism](capitalism.md), castle, [cat](cat.md), [censorship](censorship.md), [central processing unit](cpu.md), [chess](chess.md), Chicxulub, China, [color](color.md), comet, [communism](communism.md), [computer](computer.md), [Creative Commons](creative_commons.md), [Deep Blue](deep_blue.md), [democracy](democracy.md), Democratic People's Republic of Korea, [depression](depression.md), [determinism](determinism.md), [dinosaur](dinosaur.md), dodo, [dog](dog.md), [Doom](doom.md) (game), [Earth](earth.md), [Einstein](einstein.md), [Elo](elo.md), [Encyclopedia](encyclopedia.md), [entropy](entropy.md), [ethics](ethics.md), [Euler's Number](e.md), [evolution](evolution.md), [font](font.md), [football](football.md), [fractal](fractal.md), [free software](free_software.md), [game](game.md), gigantopythecus, [go](go.md) (game), [god](god.md), [GNU](gnu.md) project, [hacker](hacking.md), Hanging Gardens of Babylon, [hardware](hardware.md), [Hitler](hitler.md), [Holocaust](holocaust.md), [homosexual](gay.md), [human](human.md), [information](information.md), intelligence, [Internet](internet.md), [IQ](iq.md), Japan, [Jesus](jesus.md), [Jew](jew.md), [language](language.md), [Latin](latin.md), [life](life.md), [light](light.md), lightning, [Linux](linux.md), [logarithm](log.md), [logic](logic.md), [love](love.md), Mammoth, [mathematics](math.md), Mariana Trench, Mars, Milky Way, Moon, [morality](morality.md), Mount Everest, [music](music.md), [necrophilia](necropiilia.md), [number](number.md), [Open Source](open_source.md), negro, [nigger](nigger.md), pacifism, [pedophilia](pedophilia.md), [penis](penis.md), [pi](pi.md), Pluto, [prime number](prime.md), [quaternion](quaternion.md), Pompei, [Quran](quran.md), [race](race.md), Roman Empire, [sex](sex.md), [sine](sin.md), [schizophrenia](schizo.md), [software](sw.md), [Stallman](rms.md) (Richard), [star](star.md), Stonehenge, [suicide](suicide.md), Sun, Tibet, [technology](technology.md), Tetris, [time](time.md), Titanic, [transistor](transistor.md), Troy, Tyrannousaurus Rex, [UFO](ufo.md), [universe](universe.md), [Unix](unix.md), Uruk, [Usenet](usenet.md), Valonia Ventricosa (bubble algae), Vatican, Venus, video game, [Wikipedia](wikipedia.md), [woman](woman.md), [World War II](wwii.md), [World Wide Web](www.md), ...
These are some **nice/interesting/benchmark articles** to look up in encyclopedias: [algorithm](algorithm.md), [anarchism](anarchism.md), Andromeda (galaxy), Antarctica, Atlantis, atom, [axiom of choice](axiom_of_choice.md), [Bible](bible.md), [big bang](big_bang.md), [black hole](black_hole.md), [brain](brain.md), [Buddhism](buddhism.md), [C](c.md) (programming language), [cannibalism](cannibalism.md), [capitalism](capitalism.md), castle, [cat](cat.md), [censorship](censorship.md), [central processing unit](cpu.md), [chess](chess.md), Chicxulub, China, [color](color.md), comet, [communism](communism.md), [computer](computer.md), [Creative Commons](creative_commons.md), [Deep Blue](deep_blue.md), [democracy](democracy.md), Democratic People's Republic of Korea, [depression](depression.md), [determinism](determinism.md), [dinosaur](dinosaur.md), dodo, [dog](dog.md), [Doom](doom.md) (game), [Earth](earth.md), [Einstein](einstein.md), [Elo](elo.md), [Encyclopedia](encyclopedia.md), [entropy](entropy.md), [ethics](ethics.md), [Euler's Number](e.md), [evolution](evolution.md), [font](font.md), [football](football.md), [fractal](fractal.md), [free software](free_software.md), [game](game.md), gigantopythecus, [go](go.md) (game), [god](god.md), [GNU](gnu.md) project, [hacker](hacking.md), Hanging Gardens of Babylon, [hardware](hardware.md), [Hitler](hitler.md), [Holocaust](holocaust.md), [homosexual](gay.md), [human](human.md), [infinity](infinity.md), [information](information.md), intelligence, [Internet](internet.md), [IQ](iq.md), Japan, [Jesus](jesus.md), [Jew](jew.md), [language](language.md), [Latin](latin.md), [life](life.md), [light](light.md), lightning, [Linux](linux.md), [logarithm](log.md), [logic](logic.md), [love](love.md), Mammoth, [mathematics](math.md), Mariana Trench, Mars, Milky Way, Moon, [morality](morality.md), Mount Everest, [music](music.md), [necrophilia](necropiilia.md), [number](number.md), [Open Source](open_source.md), negro, [nigger](nigger.md), pacifism, [pedophilia](pedophilia.md), [penis](penis.md), [pi](pi.md), Pluto, [prime number](prime.md), [quaternion](quaternion.md), Pompei, [Quran](quran.md), [race](race.md), Roman Empire, [sex](sex.md), [sine](sin.md), [schizophrenia](schizo.md), [software](sw.md), [Stallman](rms.md) (Richard), [star](star.md), Stonehenge, [suicide](suicide.md), Sun, Tibet, [technology](technology.md), Tetris, [time](time.md), Titanic, [transistor](transistor.md), Troy, Tyrannousaurus Rex, [UFO](ufo.md), [universe](universe.md), [Unix](unix.md), Uruk, [Usenet](usenet.md), Valonia Ventricosa (bubble algae), Vatican, Venus, video game, [Wikipedia](wikipedia.md), [woman](woman.md), [World War II](wwii.md), [World Wide Web](www.md), ...
**What is the best letter in an encyclopedia?** If you are super nerdy, you may start to search for your favorite starting letter -- this if [fun](fun.md) and may also help you e.g. decide which volume of your encyclopedia to take with you when traveling. Which letter is best depends on many things, e.g. the language of the encyclopedia, its size, your area of interest and so on. Assuming [English](english.md) and topics that would be interesting to the readers of [LRS wiki](lrs_wiki.md), the best letter is most likely C -- it is the second most common starting letter in dictionaries, has a great span and includes essential and interesting terms such as [computer](computer.md), [C](c.md) programming language, [cat](cat.md), [communism](communism.md), [capitalism](capitalism.md), [chess](chess.md), [christianity](christianity.md), [collapse](collpase.md), [CPU](cpu.md), [color](color.md), [culture](culture.md), [copyleft](copyleft.md), [compiler](compiler.md), [creative commons](creative_commons.md), [cryptography](cryptography.md), [copyright](copyright.md), [car](car.md), [cancer](cancer.md), [cellular automata](cellular_automaton.md), [consumerism](consumerism.md), [cosine](cosine.md), [Chomsky](chomsky.md), [CIA](cia.md), [cybernetics](cybernetics.md), [cracking](cracking.md), [chaos](chaos.md), [carbon](carbon.md), [curvature](curvature.md), [chemistry](chemistry.md), [censorship](censorship.md) and others. As close second comes S, the most frequent letter in dictionaries, with terms such as [Stallman](rms.md), [science](science.md), [shader](shader.md), [semiconductor](semiconductor.md), [silicon](silicon.md), [software](software.md), [sound](sound.md), [socialism](socialism.md), [state](state.md), [selflessness](selflessness.md), [speech recognition](speech_recognition.md), [steganography](steganography.md), [square root](square_root.md), [sudoku](sudoku.md), [suicide](kys.md), [speedrun](speedrun.md), [space](space.md), [star](star.md), [Sun](sun.md), [sine](sin.md), [Soviet union](ussr.md), [schizophrenia](schizo.md), [set](set.md), [suckless](suckless.md), [shit](shit.md), [sex](sex.md) and others. { This is based on a list I made where I assigned points to each letter. The letters that follow after C and S are P, M, A, E, T, L, R, F, D, G, I, B, H, U, N, W, V, J, O, K, Q, Z, Y, X. ~drummyfish }
@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ Here is a list of notable encyclopedias, focused on general knowledge English la
| [LRS wiki](lrs_wiki.md) |2021...| PD (CC0) | online/elec.| 500 | best encyclopedia, focused on tech/society, no censorship |
| [Metapedia](metapedia.md) |2006...| GFDL | online | 7K | Wikipedia fork, online, no SJW censorship, ATM limited account creation, "pro-European" fascism |
|Microsoft [Encarta](encarta.md) |...2009| proprietary | electronic | 62K | Micro$oft enc., low quality articles (errors), MS propaganda (no free software etc. lol), is on archive.org|
| New World Encyclopedia |2005...| CC BY-SA | online | ~15K | made by some church, quite nice articles (often heavily rewritten from Wikipedia) |
| [ProleWiki](prolewiki.md) |2020...| proprietary | online | ~3K | Proletariat wiki, similar to Leftypedia but focused on Marxism-Leninism. |
| Simple English Wikipedia |2001...| CC BY-SA | online | 200K | Wikipedia with simpler language and simpler explanations, censored |
| The New American Cyclopaedia | 1879 | PD (old) | 16 vol. | | partially digitized on Wikisource (txt) |

8
free_software.md
View file

@ -20,18 +20,18 @@ Though unknown to common people, the invention and adoption of free software has
Free software was originally defined by [Richard Stallman](rms.md) for his [GNU](gnu.md) project. The definition was subsequently adopted and adjusted by other groups such as [Debian](debian.md) or [copyfree](copyfree.md) and so nowadays there isn't just one definition, even though the GNU definition is usually implicitly assumed. However, all of these definition are very similar and are quite often variations and subsets of the original one. The GNU definition of free software is paraphrased as follows:
Software is considered free if all its users have the legal and [de facto](de_facto.md) rights to:
Software is considered free if all its users have (forever and without possibility of revoking) the legal and [de facto](de_facto.md) rights to:
0. Use the software for any purpose (even commercial or that somehow deemed unethical by someone).
1. Study the software. For this source code of the program has to be available.
2. Share the software with anyone.
3. Modify the software. For this source code of the program has to be available. This modified version can also be shared with anyone.
Note that as free software cares about real freedom, the word "right" here is seen as meaning a [de facto](de_facto.md) right, i.e. NOT just a legal right -- legal rights (a free [license](license.md)) are required but if there appears a non-legal obstacle to those freedoms, free software communities will address them. Again, open source differs here by just focusing on legality.
Note that as free software cares about real freedom, the word "right" here is seen as meaning a [de facto](de_facto.md) right, i.e. NOT just a legal right -- legal rights (a free [license](license.md)) are required but if there appears a non-legal obstacle to those freedoms, truly free software communities will address them. Again, open source differs here by just focusing on legality, i.e. open source only cares about technically adhering to legalese while ignoring everything else.
To make it clear, freedom 0 (use for any purpose) covers ANY use, even commercial use or use deemed unethical by society of the software creator. Some people try to restrict this freedom, e.g. by prohibiting use for military purposes or prohibiting use by "fascists", which makes the software NOT free anymore. NEVER DO THIS. The reasoning behind freedom 0 is the same as that behind [free speech](free_speech.md): allowing any use doesn't imply endorsing or supporting any use, it simply means that we refuse to engage in certain kinds of oppression our of principle. Trying to mess with freedom 0 would be similar to e.g. prohibiting [science](science.md) on the ground of the fact that scientific results can be used in unethical ways -- we simply don't do this. We try to prevent unethical behavior in other ways than prohibiting basic rights.
To make it clear, freedom 0 (use for any purpose) covers ANY use, even commercial use or use deemed unethical by society or the software creator. Some people try to restrict this freedom, e.g. by prohibiting use for military purposes or prohibiting use by "fascists", which makes the software NOT free anymore. NEVER DO THIS. The reasoning behind freedom 0 is the same as that behind [free speech](free_speech.md) or freedom of research: allowing any use doesn't imply endorsing or supporting any use, it simply means that we refuse to engage in certain kinds of oppression out of principle. Creator of software shouldn't be the authority deciding how the software can be used just as a scientist mustn't be the authority who decides how his discoveries will be used. We simply don't do this -- to address "wrong" use of technology is a matter of different disciplines such as philosophy.
[Source code](source_code.md) here means the preferred form in which software is modified, i.e. things such as [obfuscated](obfuscation.md) source code don't count as true source code.
[Source code](source_code.md) is usually defined as the preferred form in which the software is modified, i.e. things such as [obfuscated](obfuscation.md), [minified](minification.md) or compiled source code don't count as true source code.
The developers of Debian operating system have created their own guidelines (Debian Free Software Guidelines) which respect these points but are worded in more complex terms and further require e.g. non-functional data to be available under free terms as well ([source](https://people.debian.org/~bap/dfsg-faq.html#not_just_code)), respecting also [free culture](free_culture.md), which GNU doesn't ([source](https://www.gnu.org/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.en.html#non-functional-data)). The definition of "[open source](open_source.md)" is yet more complex even though in practice legally free software is eventually also open source and vice versa. The [copyfree](copyfree.md) definition tries to be a lot more strict about freedom and forbids for example [copyleft](copyleft.md) (which GNU promotes) and things such as [DRM](drm.md) clauses (i.e. a copyfree license mustn't impose technology restrictions, even those seen as "justified", for similar reasons why we don't prohibit any kind of use for example).

2
history.md
View file

@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Around 50 AD Heron of Alexandria, an Egyptian mathematician, created a number of
In the 3rd century Chinese mathematician Liu Hui describes operations with **negative numbers**, even though negative numbers have already appeared before. In 600s AD an Indian astronomer Brahmagupta first used the number **[zero](zero.md)** in a systematic way, even though hints on the number zero without deeper understanding of it appeared much earlier. In 9th century the Mayan empire is [collapsing](collapse.md), though it would somewhat recover and reshape.
Year 476 is set to mark the fall of Roman empire (last roman emperor deposed) and by this the end of Antiquity and **start of Middle Ages**, a time during which technological [progress](progress.md) and [art](art.md) is seen to stagnate a bit. Rome had been [collapsing](collapse.md) slowly but in its downfall it greatly resembled our [current western society](21st_century.md), it became split, people got spoiled, lost sense of morality, women started to demand [more power](feminism.md) and so on -- Roman empire was basically like the ancient times [US](usa.md) (with a similar relationship to Greece as US has to the older, wiser Europe) with highly [capitalist](capitalism.md) practices ([free trade](free_trade.md), ads, banks, insurance, even industries that achieved quite high mass production, ...), imperialism, [military](military.md) obsession, fascism, constant political fights, pragmatic thinking (e.g. rhetoric, the art of manipulation, was greatly preferred over excellence at [art](art.md)), mass entertainment and huge competitiveness -- this all led to its demise.
Year 476 is set to mark the fall of Roman empire (last roman emperor deposed) and by this the end of Antiquity and **start of Middle Ages**, a time during which technological [progress](progress.md) and [art](art.md) is seen to stagnate a bit. Rome had been [collapsing](collapse.md) slowly but in its downfall it greatly resembled our [current western society](21st_century.md), it became split, people got spoiled, lost sense of morality, women started to demand [more power](feminism.md) and so on -- Roman empire was basically like the ancient times [US](usa.md) (with a similar relationship to Greece as US has to the older, wiser Europe) with highly [capitalist](capitalism.md) practices ([free trade](free_trade.md), ads, banks, insurance, even industries that achieved quite high mass production, ...), imperialism, [military](military.md) obsession, fascism, constant political fights, pragmatic thinking (e.g. rhetoric, the art of manipulation, was greatly preferred over excellence in [art](art.md)), mass entertainment and huge competitiveness -- this all led to its demise.
In 1429 Persian mathematician al-Kashi computed [pi](pi.md) to about 14 digit accuracy which was a great leap in this discipline.

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infinity.md
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# Infinity
Infinity (from Latin *in* and *finis*, *without end*) is a quantity so unimaginably large that it has no end. It plays a prominent role especially in [mathematics](math.md) and [philosophy](philosophy.md). As a "largest imaginable quantity" it is sometimes seen to be the opposite of the number [zero](zero.md), the "smallest possible quantity", though other "opposites" can be though of too, such as minus infinity or an infinitely small non-zero number ([infinitesimal](infinitesimal.md)). The symbol for infinity is *lemniscate*, the symbol 8 turned 90 degrees ([unicode](unicode.md) U+221E). Keep in mind that mere lack of boundaries doesn't imply infinity -- a [circle](circle.md) has no end but is not infinite; an infinity implies there is always more, no matter how much we get.
Infinity (from Latin *in* and *finis*, *without end*) is a quantity so unimaginably large that it has no end. It plays a prominent role especially in [mathematics](math.md) and [philosophy](philosophy.md). As a "largest imaginable quantity" it is sometimes seen to be the opposite of the number [zero](zero.md), the "smallest possible quantity", though other "opposites" can be though of too, such as minus infinity or an infinitely small non-zero number ([infinitesimal](infinitesimal.md)). The symbol for infinity is *lemniscate*, the symbol 8 turned 90 degrees ([unicode](unicode.md) U+221E, looking a bit like oo). Keep in mind that mere lack of boundaries doesn't imply infinity -- a [circle](circle.md) has no end but is not infinite; an infinity implies there is always more, no matter how much we get.
The concept of infinity came to firstly be explored by philosophers -- as an abstract concept (similar to those of e.g. [zero](zero.md) or negative numbers) it took a while for it to evolve, be explored and accepted. We can't say who first "discovered" infinity, civilizations often had concepts similar to it that were connected for example to their gods. Zeno of Elea (5th century BC) was one of the earliest to tackle the issue of infinity mathematically by proposing [paradoxes](paradox.md) such as that of Achilles and the tortoise.

4
interesting.md
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# Interesting
This is a great answer to anything, if someone tells you something you don't understand or something you think is [shit](shit.md) and you don't know what to say, you just say "interesting".
This is a suitable answer to anything, if someone tells you something you don't understand or something you think is [shit](shit.md) and you don't know what to say, simply reply "interesting".
The following is a "constantly work in progress" list of subjectively selected facts and topics that may be judged as interesting, preferably while also being lesser known:
What following a "constantly [work in progress](wip.md)" list of subjectively selected facts and topics that may be judged interesting, preferably while also being lesser known:
- **Zanclean flood**: extremely huge flood that refilled the Mediterranean sea some 5 million years ago, which must have been a greatly spectacular event. Other similar mega floods are also discussed, e.g. that of the Black sea. Some of them are (often controversially) thought to be the origin of the shared great flood myth that's present in almost all old religions and cultures. A bit related interesting topic is the 20th century Atlantropa mega project that planned to partially dry the Mediterranean to gain more space for Europe.
- **[ball lightning](ball_lightning.md)**: a real weird phenomenon whose existence is not controversial (it is acknowledged to exist) but which still remains without exact scientific explanation. You can find some video of it, descriptions of eye witnesses are also quite fun to read.

2
internet.md
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@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ http://favoritesite4.org/coolimage.jpg
{ Some sites with Internet history: https://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/, https://www.freesoft.org/CIE/Topics/57.htm. ~drummyfish }
It goes without saying that even though in retrospect it looks like the Internet just came to be one day, it wasn't indeed so -- we have to remember large communication networks existed for a long time and were often used in ways very similar to the Internet, even for silly things like playing [games](game.md) (e.g. [chess](chess.md) used to be played over snail mail and even telegraph). Before electronic networks there were networks such as paper mail and optical telegraphs. With electricity a great number of new, much improved networks appeared, such as the electrical [telegraph](telegraph.md) (~1840), phone and [fax](fax.md) networks (~1880), radio broadcasts (circa first half of 20th century) and [TV](tv.md) broadcasts (~1930). Some of the later networks were very similar to the World Wide Web from user perspective, and they were quite advanced and widely used at the time when Internet was just in its infancy -- for example [teletext](teletext.md) (~1970) allowed people to browse graphical pages on their TVs, [BBS](bbs.md) and [Usenet](usenet.md) networks were already [digital](digital.md) computer networks (accessed through dialup [modems](modem.md)) allowed people to chat, discuss on forums, roleplay, play games and share files, [Minitel](minitel.md) was the most successful Internet like network that worked in France in the 1980s etc.
It goes without saying that even though in retrospect it looks like the Internet just came to be one day, it wasn't indeed so -- we have to remember large communication networks existed for a long time and were often used in ways very similar to the Internet, even for silly things like playing [games](game.md) (e.g. [chess](chess.md) used to be played over snail mail and even telegraph). Before electronic networks there were networks such as paper mail and optical telegraphs. With electricity a great number of new, much improved networks appeared, such as the electrical [telegraph](telegraph.md) (~1840), phone and [fax](fax.md) networks (~1880), radio broadcasts (circa first half of 20th century) and [TV](tv.md) broadcasts (~1930). Some of the later networks were very similar to the World Wide Web from user perspective, and they were quite advanced and widely used at the time when Internet was just in its infancy -- for example [teletext](teletext.md) (~1970) allowed people to browse graphical pages on their TVs, [BBS](bbs.md) and [Usenet](usenet.md) networks were already [digital](digital.md) computer networks (accessed through dialup [modems](modem.md)) allowed people to chat, discuss on forums, roleplay, play games and share files, [Minitel](minitel.md) was the most successful Internet like network that worked in France in the 1980s etc. Perhaps not to much surprise visions of Internet as we know it appeared beforehand for example in [sci-fi](sci_fi.md), one particularly famous such work is the 1956 book called *A Logic Named Joe*.
The Internet itself evolved from **[ARPANET](arpanet.md)**, a network designed by [US](usa.md) department of defense; ARPANET started to be developed in 1969 (with first plans appearing in 1966), fueled by Cold War rivalry with the Soviet Union. Of course, this network wasn't intended to become what the Internet is today, no one could probably have foreseen the future, it was just another [military](military.md) project -- as such, ARPANET was designed to be **[decentralized](decentralization.md)** so as to be robust, i.e. there was no central node of the network which would be an easy target for enemies in a war. ARPANET was revolutionary by utilizing so called **[packet switching](packet_switching.md)** (idea published in a paper in 1961), i.e. any data sent over the network were split into small data [packets](packet.md) that would travel through the network independently, each one possibly by different path, and would be reassembled into the whole once they all arrived at the destination (again, this helped keep the network robust -- if one path was destroyed, packets would just find another path). This is in contrast to traditional [circuit switching](circuit_switching.md) used until then e.g. in telephone networks (circuit switching basically just means that direct connections are established between nodes that want to communicate at given time).

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kwangmyong.md
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# Kwangmyong
Kwangmyong (meaning *bright light*) is a mysterious [intranet](intranet.md) that North Koreans basically have instead of the [Internet](internet.md). For its high political isolation North Korea doesn't allow its citizens open access to the Internet, they rather create their own internal network the government can fully control -- this is unsurprising, allegedly it is e.g. illegal to own a fax and North Korea also have their own operating system called [Red Star OS](red_star.md), for security reasons. Not so much is known about Kwangmyong for a number of reasons: it is only accessible from within North Korea, foreigners are typically not allowed to access it, and, of course, it isn't in English but in Korean. Of course the content on the network is highly filtered and/or created by the state propaganda. Foreigners sometimes get a chance to spot or even secretly photograph things that allow us to make out a bit of information about the network.
Kwangmyong (meaning *bright light*) is a mysterious [intranet](intranet.md) that [North Koreans](north_korea.md) basically have instead of the [Internet](internet.md). For its high political isolation North Korea doesn't allow its citizens open access to the Internet, they rather create their own internal network the government can fully control and censor to their liking -- this is unsurprising, allegedly it is e.g. illegal to own a fax and North Korea also have their own operating system called [Red Star OS](red_star.md) for similar reasons -- to not get infiltrated by foreign technology. Not so much is known about Kwangmyong for a number of reasons: it is only accessible from within North Korea, foreigners are typically not allowed to access it, and, of course, it isn't in [English](english.md) but in Korean, so a typical tourist won't understand a word even if he gets a glimpse of it. Of course the content on the network is highly filtered and/or engineered by the state propaganda. Foreigners sometimes get a chance to spot or even secretly photograph things that allow us to make out a bit of information about the network.
North Koreans themselves almost never have their own computers, they typically browse the network in libraries.

4
lmao.md
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@ -32,7 +32,9 @@ On this wiki we kind of use LMAO as a synonym to [LULZ](lulz.md) as used on Ency
- [rofl](rofl.md)
- [lol](lol.md)
- [kek](kek.md)
- [roflmao](roflmao.md)
- [jokes](jokes.md)
- [fun](fun.md)
- [lulz](lulz.md)
- [lulz](lulz.md)
- [awesome](awesome.md)

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love.md
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# <3 Love <3
Love is a deep feeling of affection towards someone or something, usually accompanied by a very strong emotion. There are many different kinds of love and love has always been one of the most important feelings which many living beings are capable of, it permeates human [art](art.md), culture and daily lives. Unconditional [selfless](selflessness.md) love towards all living beings is the basis of [less retarded society](less_retarded_society.md).
Love is a deep feeling of liking and affection towards someone or something, usually accompanied by a strong emotion. There are many different kinds of love and love has always been one of the most important feelings that higher living being are capable of, it permeates human [art](art.md), culture and daily lives. Unconditional [selfless](selflessness.md) love towards all living beings is the basis of [less retarded society](less_retarded_society.md).
What is the opposite of love? Many say it is [hatred](hate.md), even though it may also very well be argued that it is rather indifference, i.e. just "not caring", because hate and love often come hand in hand and are sometimes actually very similar -- both hate and love arouse strong emotion, even obsession, and can be present at the same time (so called love-hate relationship). Love sometimes quickly changes to hate and vice versa.
@ -8,11 +8,15 @@ As mentioned, **love is not a single feeling**, there are many types of it, for
Is there a **good real life example of unconditional selfless love**? Yes. When a fascist [Brenton Tarrant](brenton_tarrant.md) shot up the Christchurch mosques on 15 March 2019 and killed 51 people, there was a woman among them whose husband said after the incident he wanted to hug Tarrant. The husband was also present during the shooting. Not only has he forgiven the killer of his wife and someone who almost also murdered him alone, he showed him loved, something which must have been unimaginably difficult and something that proved him one of the most pure people on this planet. He said about it the following (paraphrased for copyright concerns): "There is no use in anger. Anger and fight will not fix it, only with love and caring can we warm hearts. [...] I love him because he is a human being, he is my brother. [...] I don't support his act. [...] But perhaps he was hurt in his life, perhaps something happened to him. [...] Everyone has two sides, a bad one and a good one; bring out the good in you.". (source: https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/husband-forgives-new-zealand-terrorist-14154882) { This moved me so much when I read it, I can't explain how much this affected my life. I have so much admiration for what this man said and I wish I could follow his message for my whole life. Only the words of the man alone have awoken so much of the purest love in me towards every living being on this planet, which I didn't even know existed. ~drummyfish }
**Conditional love is not true love**, it is [evil](evil.md) trying to deceive by likening itself to something good. If love is conditioned, it is just a commodity offered for certain price, i.e. just another form of [business](business.md). Treating love as a form of [capital](capital.md) is the only way practiced in western world, especially the [USA](usa.md), an American is physically incapable of comprehending even the idea of unconditional love.
## The Way Of Love
[LRS](less_retarded_society.md) advocates living the way of love -- loving everyone and treating others with love, spreading it to the whole world. Love is contagious; just like hate spawns hate, love spawns more love. Love is able to stop the self-sustaining circle of hate and revenge. If you show a true, unconditional love to someone who hates you, there is a great chance the hatred will be lost, that grievances will be forgiven and forgotten.
[LRS](less_retarded_society.md) advocates living the way of love -- loving everyone and treating others with love, and making the whole world be so. If you have love in you, how can you press the trigger of a gun to kill? How can you kill an animal? How can you detonate a nuclear bomb over a city?
Today's society makes love kind of a commodity, as anything else; a subject of speculation, a tool, sometimes even a weapon, a card to be kept hidden and played at the right time. People are taught to hide their feelings, they are afraid to tell others they love them as it might make them look weak, vulnerable, it might be socially unacceptable. We reject such toxic [bullshit](bullshit.md). If you love someone, whoever it is, tell him. It really works, you will soon be surrounded with loving people this way.
Our hope dwells in love being contagious; just like hate spawns hate, love gives growth to more love. Love is able to stop the self-sustaining circle of hate and revenge. If you show a true, unconditional love to someone who hates you, there is a great chance the hatred will be lost, that grievances will be forgiven and forgotten.
Today's society makes love kind of a commodity, as anything else; a subject of speculation, a tool of manipulation, sometimes even a weapon, a card to be kept hidden and played at the right time. People are taught to hide their feelings, that compassion is weakness and altruism stupidity, and so people are afraid to tell others they love them as it might make them look weak, vulnerable and social outcast, it might be socially unacceptable. We reject such toxic [bullshit](bullshit.md). If you love someone, whoever it is, tell him. You will soon be surrounded with loving people this way.
{ I know this from experience, once I truly started loving others unconditionally, I made many past enemies into great friends, and I saw many of them turn to being actually very nice people. It is just such a great feeling to let go of hate and so heartwarming to make peace with people <3 ~drummyfish }

6
main.md
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@ -109,8 +109,8 @@ Here there are quick directions to some of the important topics; for more see th
- **basics**: [bloat](bloat.md) -- [capitalist software](capitalist_software.md) -- [less retarded society](less_retarded_society.md) -- [LRS](lrs.md) -- [pseudoleft](pseudoleft.md)
- **LRS inventions/propositions**: [A/B fail](fail_ab.md) -- [Anarch](anarch.md) -- [boat](boat.md) webring -- [comun](comun.md) -- less retarded [chess](chess.md) -- [less retarded hardware](less_retarded_hardware.md) -- [less retarded society](less_retarded_society.md) -- [less retarded software](lrs.md) -- [less retarded watch](less_retarded_watch.md) -- [less retarded wiki](lrs_wiki.md) -- [public domain computer](public_domain_computer.md) -- [raycastlib](raycastlib.md) -- [rock carved binary data](rock_carved_binary_data.md) -- [SAF](saf.md) -- [small3dlib](small3dlib.md) -- [smallchesslib](smallchesslib.md) -- [tinyphysicsengine](tinyphysicsengine.md) -- [world broadcast](world_broadcast.md) -- [unretardation](unretard.md)
- **programming/computers**: [3D rendering](3d_rendering.md) -- [binary](binary.md) -- [computer](computer.md) -- [AI](ai.md) -- [algorithm](algorithm.md) -- [C](c.md) -- [C tutorial](c_tutorial.md) -- [computer](computer.md) -- [computer graphics](graphics.md) -- [CPU](cpu.md) -- [data structure](data_structure.md) -- [demoscene](demoscene.md) -- [GNU](gnu.md) -- [hacker culture](hacking.md) -- [hardware](hardware.md) -- [Internet](internet.md) -- [KISS](kiss.md) -- [Linux](linux.md) -- [OOP](oop.md) -- [open consoles](open_console.md) -- [operating system](os.md) -- [optimization](optimization.md) -- [portability](portability.md) -- [procedural generation](procgen.md) -- [programming](programming.md) -- [programming language](programming_language.md) -- [suckless](suckless.md) -- [Unix philosophy](unix_philosophy.md) -- [web](www.md)
- **math/theory**: [aliasing](aliasing.md) -- [chaos](chaos.md) -- [combinatorics](combinatorics.md) -- [fractal](fractal.md) -- [formal languages](formal_language.md) -- [information](information.md) -- [linear algebra](linear_algebra.md) -- [logic](logic.md) -- [math](math.md) -- [pi](pi.md) -- [prime number](prime.md) -- [probability](probability.md) -- [Turing machine](turing_machine.md) -- [zero](zero.md)
- **math/theory**: [aliasing](aliasing.md) -- [chaos](chaos.md) -- [combinatorics](combinatorics.md) -- [fractal](fractal.md) -- [formal languages](formal_language.md) -- [information](information.md) -- [linear algebra](linear_algebra.md) -- [logic](logic.md) -- [math](math.md) -- [number](number.md) -- [pi](pi.md) -- [prime number](prime.md) -- [probability](probability.md) -- [Turing machine](turing_machine.md) -- [zero](zero.md)
- **society**: [anarchism](anarchism.md) -- [anarcho pacifism](anpac.md) -- [capitalism](capitalism.md) -- [censorship](censorship.md) -- [collapse](collapse.md) -- [communism](communism.md) -- [democracy](democracy.md) -- [everyone does it](everyone_does_it.md) -- [fascism](fascism.md) -- [feminism](feminism.md) -- [fight culture](fight_culture.md) -- [history](history.md) -- [homosexuality](gay.md) -- [left vs right vs pseudoleft](left_right.md) -- [Jesus](jesus.md) -- [less retarded society](less_retarded_society.md) -- [LGBTQWTF](lgbt.md) -- [science](science.md) vs [soyence](soyence.md) -- [productivity cult](productivity_cult.md) -- [selflessness](selflessness.md) -- [socialism](socialism.md) -- [Venus project](venus_project.md) -- [work](work.md)
- **freedom/law**: [Creative Commons](creative_commons.md) -- [free culture](free_culture.md) -- [free hardware](free_hardware.md) -- [free software](free_software.md) -- [copyleft](copyleft.md) -- [copyright](copyright.md) -- [GNU](gnu.md) -- ["intellectual property"](intellectual_property.md) -- [license](license.md) -- [open $ource](open_source.md) -- [patent](patent.md) -- [public domain](public_domain.md)
- **interesting**: [beauty](beauty.md) -- [bytebeat](bytebeat.md) -- [chess](chess.md) -- [Dodleston messages mystery](dodleston.md) -- [hyperoperation](hyperoperation.md) -- [interplanetary internet](interplanetary_internet.md) -- [netstalking](netstalking.md) -- [steganography](steganography.md)
- **fun/relaxed/offtopic**: [audiophilia](audiophilia.md) -- [C downto operator](downto.md) -- [C obfuscation contest](ioccc.md) -- [dog](dog.md) -- [esolang](esolang.md) -- [fantasy console](fantasy_console.md) -- [fun](fun.md) -- [games](game.md) -- [island](island.md) -- [jokes](jokes.md) -- [LMAO](lmao.md) -- [open console](open_console.md) -- [rock](rock.md) -- [shit](shit.md) -- [SIGBOVIK](sigbovik.md) -- [Temple OS](temple_os.md)
- **interesting**: [beauty](beauty.md) -- [bytebeat](bytebeat.md) -- [chess](chess.md) -- [Dodleston messages mystery](dodleston.md) -- [hyperoperation](hyperoperation.md) -- [interesting](interesting.md) -- [interplanetary internet](interplanetary_internet.md) -- [netstalking](netstalking.md) -- [steganography](steganography.md)
- **fun/relaxed/offtopic**: [audiophilia](audiophilia.md) -- [C downto operator](downto.md) -- [C obfuscation contest](ioccc.md) -- [dog](dog.md) -- [esolang](esolang.md) -- [fantasy console](fantasy_console.md) -- [fun](fun.md) -- [games](game.md) -- [island](island.md) -- [jokes](jokes.md) -- [LMAO](lmao.md) -- [NaNoGenMo](nanogenmo.md) -- [open console](open_console.md) -- [rock](rock.md) -- [shit](shit.md) -- [SIGBOVIK](sigbovik.md) -- [Temple OS](temple_os.md)

2
minigame.md
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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Minigames are still very often built on the principles of old arcade games such
## List Of Minigames
This is a list of just some of many minigames and minigame types.
Almost any traditional game idea can be made into a minigame if we simplify it enough, but for inspiration here is a list of some common minigames and minigame types.
- **[2048](2048.md)**
- **[arkanoid](arkanoid.md)**

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number.md
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Numbers (from Latin *numerus* coming from a Greek word meaning "to distribute")
Let's not [confuse](often_confused.md) numbers with digits or figures (numerals) -- a number is a purely abstract entity while digits serve as symbols for numbers so that we can write them down. One number may be written in many ways, using one of many [numeral systems](numeral_system.md) (Roman numerals, tally marks, Arabic numerals of different [bases](base.md) etc.), for example 4 stands for a number than can also be written as IV, four, 8/2, 16:4, 2^2, 4.00 or 0b100. There are also numbers which cannot exactly be captured within our traditional numeral systems, for some of them we have special symbols -- most famous example is of course [pi](pi.md) whose digits we cannot ever completely write down -- and there are even numbers for which we have no symbols at all, ones that are yet not well researched and are only described by equations to which they are the solution. Sure enough, a number by itself isn't too interesting and probably doesn't even make sense, it's only in context, when it's placed in relationship with other numbers (by ordering them, defining operations and properties based on those operations) that patterns and useful attributes emerge.
Humans first started to use positive natural numbers, i.e. 1, 2, 3 ..., so as to be able to trade, count enemies, days and so on -- since then they kept expanding the concept of a number with more [abstraction](abstraction.md) as they encountered more complex problems. First extension was to fractions, initially reciprocals of integers (like one half, one third, ...) and then general ones. Around 6th century BC Pythagoras showed that there even exist numbers that cannot be expressed as fractions ([irrational numbers](irrational_number.md), which in the beginning was a controversial discovery), expanding the set of known numbers further. A bit later negative numbers were discovered/invented, likely in China. Adoption of the number [zero](zero.md) also took some time, with it first just having a limited use as a mere placeholder digit. Since 16th century a highly abstract concept of [complex numbers](complex_number.md) started to appear, which was later (19th century) expanded further to [quaternions](quaternion.md). With more advancement in mathematics -- e.g. with the development of set theory -- more and more concepts of new kinds of numbers appeared and still appear to this day. Nowadays we have greatly abstract numbers, ones existing in many dimensions, capable of counting and measuring infinitely large and infinitely small entities, and it seems we still haven't nearly discovered everything there is to know about numbers.
Humans first started to use positive natural numbers (it seems as early as 30000 BC), i.e. 1, 2, 3 ..., so as to be able to trade, count enemies, days and so on -- since then they kept expanding the concept of a number with more [abstraction](abstraction.md) as they encountered more complex problems. First extension was to fractions, initially reciprocals of integers (like one half, one third, ...) and then general ones. Around 6th century BC Pythagoras showed that there even exist numbers that cannot be expressed as fractions ([irrational numbers](irrational_number.md), which in the beginning was a controversial discovery), expanding the set of known numbers further. A bit later (around 100 BC) negative numbers started to be used. Adoption of the number [zero](zero.md) also took some time (1st use of true zero seem to be in 4th century BC), with it first just having a limited use as a mere placeholder digit. Since 16th century a highly abstract concept of [complex numbers](complex_number.md) started to appear, which was later (19th century) expanded further to [quaternions](quaternion.md). With more advancement in mathematics -- e.g. with the development of set theory -- more and more concepts of new kinds of numbers appeared and still appear to this day. Nowadays we have greatly abstract numbers, ones existing in many dimensions, capable of counting and measuring infinitely large and infinitely small entities, and it seems we still haven't nearly discovered everything there is to know about numbers.
Basically **anything can be encoded as a number** which makes numbers a universal abstract "medium" -- we can exploit this in both mathematics and programming. Ways of encoding [information](information.md) in numbers may vary, for a mathematician it is natural to see any number as a multiset of its [prime](prime.md) factors (e.g. 12 = 2 * 2 * 3, the three numbers are inherently embedded within number 12) that may carry a message, a programmer will probably rather encode the message in [binary](binary.md) and then interpret the 1s and 0s as a number in direct representation, i.e. he will embed the information in the digits. You can probably come up with many more ways.
@ -163,7 +163,9 @@ One of the most interesting and mysterious number sets are the [prime numbers](p
Of course there are countless other number sets, especially those induced by various number sequences and functions of which there are whole encyclopedias. Another possible division is e.g. to *cardinal* and *ordinal* numbers: ordinal numbers tell the order while cardinals say the size (cardinality) of a set -- when dealing with finite sets the distinction doesn't really have to be made, within natural numbers the order of a number is equal to the size of a set of all numbers up to that number, but with infinite sets this starts to matter -- for example we couldn't tell the size of the set of natural numbers by ordinals as there is no last natural number, but we can assign the set a cardinal number (aleph zero) -- this gives rise to new kind of numbers.
**Numbers are awesome**, just ask any number theorist (or watch a numberphile video for that matter). Normal people see numbers just as boring soulless quantities but the opposite is true for that who studies them -- study of numbers goes extremely deep, possibly as deep as humans can go and once you get a closer look at something, you discover the art of nature. Each number has its own unique set of properties which give it a kind of "personality", different sets of numbers create species and "teams" of numbers. Numbers are intertwined in intricate ways, there are literally infinitely many patterns that are all related in weird ways -- normies think that mathematicians know basically everything about numbers, but in higher math it's the exact opposite, most things about number sequences are mysterious and mathematicians don't even have any clue about why they're so, many things are probably even [unknowable](knowability.md). Numbers are also self referencing which leads to new and new patterns appearing without end -- for example prime numbers are interesting numbers, but you may start counting them and a number that counts numbers is itself a number, you are getting new numbers just by looking at other numbers. The world of numbers is like a whole universe you can explore just in your head, anywhere you go, it's almost like the best, most free video [game](game.md) of all time, embedded right in this [Universe](universe.md), in [logic](logic.md) itself. Numbers are like animals, some are small, some big, some are hardly visible, trying to hide, some can't be overlooked -- they inhabit various areas and interact with each other, just exploring this can make you quite happy. { Pokemon-like game with numbers when? ~drummyfish }
Worthy of mentioning is also [linear algebra](linear_algebra.md) which treats [vectors](vector.md) and [matrices](matrix.md) like elementary algebra treats numbers -- though vectors and matrices aren't usually seen as numbers, they may be seen as an extension of the concept.
**Numbers are [awesome](awesome.md)**, just ask any number theorist (or watch a numberphile video for that matter). Normal people see numbers just as boring soulless quantities but the opposite is true for that who studies them -- study of numbers goes extremely deep, possibly as deep as humans can go and once you get a closer look at something, you discover the art of nature. Each number has its own unique set of properties which give it a kind of "personality", different sets of numbers create species and "teams" of numbers. Numbers are intertwined in intricate ways, there are literally infinitely many patterns that are all related in weird ways -- normies think that mathematicians know basically everything about numbers, but in higher math it's the exact opposite, most things about number sequences are mysterious and mathematicians don't even have any clue about why they're so, many things are probably even [unknowable](knowability.md). Numbers are also self referencing which leads to new and new patterns appearing without end -- for example prime numbers are interesting numbers, but you may start counting them and a number that counts numbers is itself a number, you are getting new numbers just by looking at other numbers. The world of numbers is like a whole universe you can explore just in your head, anywhere you go, it's almost like the best, most free video [game](game.md) of all time, embedded right in this [Universe](universe.md), in [logic](logic.md) itself. Numbers are like animals, some are small, some big, some are hardly visible, trying to hide, some can't be overlooked -- they inhabit various areas and interact with each other, just exploring this can make you quite happy. { Pokemon-like game with numbers when? ~drummyfish }
There is a famous [encyclopedia](encyclopedia.md) of integer sequences at https://oeis.org/, made by number theorists -- it's quite [minimalist](minimalism.md), now also [free licensed](free_culture.md) (used to be [proprietary](proprietary.md), they seem to enjoy license hopping). At the moment it contains more than 370000 sequences; by browsing it you can get a glimpse of how deep the study of numbers goes. These people are also [funny](fun.md), they give numbers entertaining names like *happy numbers* (adding its squared digits eventually gives 1), *polite numbers*, *friendly numbers*, *cake numbers*, *lucky numbers* or *weird numbers*.
@ -238,6 +240,7 @@ Here is a table of some notable numbers, mostly important in math and programmin
| thirty one | 31 | 2^5 - 1 | maximum unsigned number storable with 5 bits |
| [thirty two](thirty_two.md) | 32 | 2^5, 0b100000 | |
| thirty six | 36 | 2 * 2 * 3 * 3 | highly composite number |
| thirty seven | 37 | | most commonly chosen 1 to 100 "random" number |
| [fourty two](42.md) | 42 | | cringe number, answer to some stuff |
| fourty eight | 48 | 2^5 + 2^4, 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 3 | highly composite number |
| sixty three | 63 | 2^6 - 1 | maximum unsigned number storable with 6 bits |

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@ -40,5 +40,6 @@ As [anarchists](anarchism.md) we of course despise the idea of worshiping people
## See Also
- [Jesus](jesus.md)
- [Einstein](einstein.md)
- [vrms](vrms.md)
- [people](people.md)

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@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ Nowadays unretarding is almost synonymous to learning to live and think in exact
## See Also
- [retard](retard.md)
- [how to](how_to.md)
- [nirvana](nirvana.md)
- [zen](zen.md)

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# Vector
Vector is a basic [mathematical](math.md) object that expresses direction and magnitude (such as velocity, force etc.) and is very often expressed as (and many times misleadingly equated with) an "array of numbers". Nevertheless in programming 1 dimensional arrays are somewhat synonymous with vectors -- for example in two dimensional space an array `[4,3]` expresses a vector pointing 4 units to the "right" (along X axis) and 3 units "up" (along Y axis) and has the magnitude 5 (which is the vector's length). Vectors are one of the very basic concepts of advanced math and are used almost in any advanced area of math, physics, programming etc. -- basically all of physics and engineering operates with vectors, programmers will mostly encounter them in areas such as 3D [graphics](graphics.md), [physics engines](physics_engine.md) (forces, velocities, acceleration, ...), [machine learning](machine_learning.md) (feature vectors, ...) or [signal processing](signals.md) (e.g. [Fourier transform](fourier_transform.md) just interprets a signal as a vector and transforms it to a different basis) etc. In this article we will implicitly focus on vectors from programmer's point of view (i.e. "arrays of numbers"), which to a mathematician will seem very simplified, but we'll briefly also foreshadow the mathematical view.
Vector is a basic [mathematical](math.md) object that expresses direction and magnitude (such as velocity, force etc.) and is very often expressed as (and many times misleadingly equated with) an "[array](array.md) of [numbers](number.md)". Nevertheless in [programming](programming.md) 1 dimensional arrays are somewhat synonymous with vectors -- for example in two dimensional space an array `[4,3]` expresses a vector pointing 4 units to the "right" (along X axis) and 3 units "up" (along Y axis) and has the magnitude 5 (which is the vector's [length](length.md)). Vectors are one of the very basic concepts of advanced math and are used almost in any advanced area of math, physics, programming etc. -- basically all of physics and engineering operates with vectors, programmers will mostly encounter them in areas such as computer [graphics](graphics.md) (e.g 3D graphics, 2D [vector graphics](vector_graphic.md), ...), [physics engines](physics_engine.md) (forces, velocities, acceleration, ...), [machine learning](machine_learning.md) (feature vectors, ...) or [signal processing](signals.md) (e.g. [Fourier transform](fourier_transform.md) just interprets a signal as a vector and transforms it to a different basis) etc. In this article we will implicitly focus on vectors from programmer's point of view (i.e. "arrays of numbers") which to a mathematician will seem very simplified, but we'll briefly also foreshadow the mathematical view.
(NOTE: the term *vector* is used a lot in different contexts and fields, usually with some connection to the mathematical idea of vector which is sometimes however very loose, e.g. in low-level programming *vector* means a memory holding an address of some event handler. It's better to just look up what "vector" means in your specific area of interest.)

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This is an autogenerated article holding stats about this wiki.
- number of articles: 567
- number of commits: 752
- number of commits: 753
- total size of all texts in bytes: 3467341
- total number of lines of article texts: 27428
- number of script lines: 262
@ -89,6 +89,17 @@ top 50 5+ letter words:
latest changes:
```
Date: Wed Mar 27 23:15:52 2024 +0100
c_tutorial.md
encyclopedia.md
history.md
myths.md
number.md
race.md
random_page.md
thrembo.md
wiki_pages.md
wiki_stats.md
Date: Tue Mar 26 14:01:34 2024 +0100
random_page.md
wiki_stats.md
@ -105,17 +116,6 @@ Date: Tue Mar 26 13:56:03 2024 +0100
Date: Mon Mar 25 22:26:49 2024 +0100
bloat.md
feminism.md
infinity.md
maintenance.md
myths.md
niggercoin.md
number.md
race.md
random_page.md
rms.md
wiki_pages.md
wiki_stats.md
Date: Sun Mar 24 21:52:08 2024 +0100
```
most wanted pages:

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@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ There are many interesting and entertaining pages and articles on Wikipedia, som
## Alternatives
Due to mass censorship and brainwashing going on at Wikipedia it is important to look for alternatives that are important especially when researching anything connected to politics, but also when you just want a simpler, more condensed explanation of some topic. There exist other online encyclopedias like [Metapedia](metapedia.md), [Infogalactic](infogalactic.md), [Citizendium](citizendium.md), [Leftypedia](leftypedia.md), [Justapedia](justapedia.md) or Britannica online, as well as printed encyclopedias and old digitized encyclopedias like Britannica 11th edition. For a more comprehensive list of Wikipedia alternatives see the article on [encyclopedias](encyclopedia.md). Anyway the moral of the story here is probably to not rely on a single encyclopedia, as we see where that leads. Read more sources and different points of view.
Due to the corruption and increasing censorship of Wikipedia it is important to look for alternatives that are important especially when researching anything connected to politics, but also when you just want a simpler, more condensed or simply better written explanation of some topic. There exist other similar online encyclopedias like [Metapedia](metapedia.md), [Infogalactic](infogalactic.md), [Citizendium](citizendium.md), [Leftypedia](leftypedia.md), New World Encyclopedia, [Justapedia](justapedia.md), HandWiki or Britannica online, as well as dozens of printed encyclopedias and old digitized encyclopedias like Britannica 11th edition. For a more comprehensive list of Wikipedia alternatives see the article on [encyclopedias](encyclopedia.md). Many people are actively criticizing Wikipedia and want to diminish its power, among whom is one of Wikipedia's founders, [Larry Sanger](larry_sanger.md), who established [encyclosphere](encyclosphere.md), a project that tries to connect together various Internet encyclopedias -- this may be another place to look for Wikipedia alternatives. Anyway the moral of the story here is probably to not rely on a single encyclopedia, as we see where that leads. Read more sources and different points of view.
{ See also old Wikipedia at https://nostalgia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race. ~drummyfish }

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# Zero
Zero (0) is a [number](number.md) signifying the absence of a thing we count. Among integers it precedes [1](one.md) and follows -1.
Zero (0) is a [number](number.md) signifying the absence of a thing we count. Among [integers](integer.md) it precedes [1](one.md) and follows -1.
Some properties of and facts about this number follow: