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CC0 is a [waiver](waiver.md) (similar to a [license](license.md)) of [copyright](copyright.md), created by [Creative Commons](creative_commons.md), that can be used to dedicate one's work to the [public domain](public_domain.md) (kind of).
UPDATE: There is now a similar waiver called [WPDD](wpdd.md) (*worldwide public domain dedication*, https://wpdd.info/), intended to also waive patents.
UPDATE: There is now a similar waiver called [WPDD](wpdd.md) (*worldwide public domain dedication*, https://wpdd.info/), intended to also waive [patents](patent.md).
Unlike a license, a waiver such as this *removes* (at least effectively) the author's copyright; by using CC0 the author willingly gives up his own copyright so that the work will no longer be owned by anyone (while a license preserves the author's copyright while granting some rights to other people). It's therefore the most [free](free_software.md) and [permissive](permissive.md) option for releasing intellectual works. CC0 is designed in a pretty sophisticated way, it also waives "neighboring rights" (e.g. [moral rights](moral_rights.md); waving these rights is why we prefer CC0 over other waivers such as [unlicense](unlicense.md)), and also contains a fallback license in case waiving copyright isn't possible in a certain country. For this CC0 is one of the best ways, if not the best, of truly and completely dedicating works to public domain world-wide (well, at least in terms of copyright). In this world of extremely fucked up [intellectual property](intellectual_property.md) laws it is not enough to state "my work is public domain" -- you need to use something like CC0 to achieve legally valid public domain status.