Nowadays as a [FOSS](foss.md) user you will most likely do 3D modeling with [Blender](blender.md) -- we recommended it to start learning 3D modeling as it is powerful, [free](free_software.md), gratis, has many tutorials etc. Do NOT use anything [proprietary](proprietary.md) no matter what anyone tells you! Once you know a bit about it, you may try alternative programs (as Blender still has its flaws) or approaches (such as writing programs that generate 3D models etc.). However **as a beginner just start with Blender**, which is from now on in this article the software we'll suppose you're using.
**Do you want to start 3D modeling?** Or do you already know a bit about it and **just want some advice to get better?** Then let us share a few words of advice here.
**Start extremely simple and learn bottom-up**, i.e. learn about fundamentals and low level concepts and start with very simple models (e.g. simple untextured low-poly shape of a house, box with a roof), keep creating more complex models by small steps. Do NOT fall into the trap of "quick and easy magic 3D modeling" such as sculpting or some "[smart](smart.md) [apps](app.md)" without knowing what's going on at the low level, you'll end up creating extremely ugly, inefficient models in bad formats, like someone wanting to create space rockets without learning anything about math or physics first. Remember to **practice, practice, practice** -- eventually you learn by doing, so try to make small projects and share your results on sites such as opengameart to get feedback and some mental satisfaction and reward for your effort. The following is a possible path to learning 3D modeling well:
Nowadays as a [FOSS](foss.md) user you will most likely do 3D modeling with [Blender](blender.md) -- we recommended it to start learning 3D modeling as it is powerful, [free](free_software.md), gratis, has many tutorials etc. Do NOT use anything [proprietary](proprietary.md) no matter what anyone tells you! Once you know a bit about the art, you may play around with alternative programs or approaches (such as writing programs that generate 3D models etc.). However **as a beginner just start with Blender**, which is from now on in this article the software we'll suppose you're using.
1. **Learn what 3D model actually is, how a computer represents it and roughly how [3D rendering](3d_rendering.md) works**. It is EXTREMELY important to have at least the very basic knowledge of the fundamentals, i.e. you should learn at least the following:
- 3D models that are used today consist of **vertices and [triangles](triangle.md)** (though higher polygons are usually supported in modeling software, everything is broken down to triangles eventually), computers usually store [arrays](array.md) of vertices and triangles as indices pointing to the array of vertices. Triangles have **facing** (front and back side, determined by the order of its vertices). These 3D models only represent the boundary (not the volume). These are called the model's **geometry**.
- **[Normals](normal.md)** are [vectors](vector.md) "perpendicular to the surface", they can be explicitly modified and stored or computed automatically and they are extremely important because they say how the model interacts with light (they are used in [shading](shading.md) of the model), i.e. which edges appear sharp or smooth. Normal maps are textures that can be used to modify normals to make the surface seem rough or otherwise deformed without actually modifying the geometry.
- **[Textures](texture.md)** are images (or image-like data) that can be mapped to the model surface to "paint it" (or give it other material properties). They are mapped to models by giving vertices texturing **UV coordinates**.
- 3D rendering (and also modeling) works with the concept of a **[scene](scene.md)** in which a number of models reside, as well as a virtual camera (or multiple ones), lights and other objects. These objects have transformations (normally translation, rotation and scale) and may form a hierarchy (some objects may be parents of other objects, meaning the child transformations are relative to parents) etc.
- A 3D renderer will draw the triangles the model consists of by applying **[shading](shading.md)** to determine color of each [pixel](pixel.md) of the triangle. Shading takes into account besides others texture(s) of the model, its material properties and light falling on the model (in which the model normals play a big role). Shading can be modified by creating **[shaders](shader.md)**.
- Learn about other concepts such as low/high poly modeling and basic 3D formats such as [OBJ](obj.md) and [COLLADA](collada.md) (which features they support etc.), possible other models representations ([voxels](voxel.md), [point clouds](point_cloud.md), ...).
2. **Manually create a few extremely simple [low-poly](low_poly.md) untextured models**, e.g. that of a simple house, laptop, hammer, bottle etc. Keep the vertex and triangle count very low (under 100), make the model by MANUALLY creating every vertex and triangle and focus only on learning this low level geometry manipulation well (how to create a vertex, how to split an edge, how to rotate a triangle, ...), making the model conform to good practice and get familiar with tools you're using, i.e. learn the key binds, locking movement direction to principal axes, learn manipulating your 3D view, setting up the free/side/front/top view with reference images etc. Make the model nice! I.e. make it have correctly facing triangles (turn backface culling on to check this), avoid intersecting triangles, remove all duplicate vertices (don't have multiple vertices with the same position), connect all that should be connected, avoid badly shaped triangles (e.g. extremely acute/long ones) etc. Also learn about normals and make them nice! I.e. try automatic normal generation (fiddle e.g. with angle thresholds for sharp/smooth edges), see how they affect the model look, try manually marking some edges sharp, try out smoothing groups etc. Save your final models in OBJ format (one of the simplest and most common formats supporting all you need at this stage). All this will be a lot to learn, that's why must not try to create a complex model at this stage. You can keep yourself "motivated" e.g. by aiming for creating a low-poly model collection you can share at opengameart or somewhere :)
3. **Learn texturing** -- just take the models you have and try to put a simple texture on them by drawing a simple image, then unwrapping the UV coordinates and MANUALLY editing the UV map to fit on the model. Again the goal is to get familiar with the tools and concepts now; experiment with helpers such as unwrapping by "projecting from 3D view", using "smart" UV unwrap etc. Only make a simple diffuse texture (don't do [PBR](pbr.md), material textures etc., that's too advanced now).
**Start extremely simple and learn bottom-up**, i.e. learn about fundamentals and low level concepts and start with very simple models (e.g. simple untextured low-poly shape of a house, box with a roof), keep creating more complex models by small steps. Do NOT fall into the trap of "quick and easy magic 3D modeling" such as sculpting or some "[smart](smart.md) [apps](app.md)" without knowing what's going on at the low level, you'll end up creating extremely ugly, inefficient models in bad formats, like someone wanting to create space rockets without learning anything about math or physics first. Remember to **practice, practice, practice** -- eventually you learn by doing, so try to make small projects and share your results on sites such as opengameart to get feedback and some mental satisfaction and reward for your effort. The following is an outline of possible steps you may take towards becoming an alright 3D artist:
1. **Learn what 3D model actually is, basic technical details about how a computer represents it and roughly how [3D rendering](3d_rendering.md) works**. It is EXTREMELY important to have at least some idea about the fundamentals, i.e. you should learn at least the following:
- 3D models that are used today consist of **vertices and [triangles](triangle.md)** (though higher polygons are usually supported in modeling software, everything is broken down to triangles eventually), computers usually store [arrays](array.md) of vertices and triangles as indices pointing to the array of vertices. Triangles have **facing** (front and back side, determined by the order of its vertices). These 3D models only represent the boundary (not the volume). All this is called the model's **geometry**.
- **[Normals](normal.md)** are [vectors](vector.md) "perpendicular to the surface", they can be explicitly modified and stored or computed automatically and they are extremely important because they say how the model interacts with light (they are used in [shading](shading.md) of the model), i.e. which edges appear sharp or smooth. Normal maps are textures that can be used to modify normals to make the surface seem rough or otherwise deformed without actually modifying the geometry. You HAVE TO understand normals.
- **[Textures](texture.md)** are images (or similar image-like data) that can be mapped to the model surface to "paint it" (or give it other material properties). They are mapped to models by giving vertices texturing **UV coordinates**. To make textures you'll need some basics of 2D image editing (see e.g. [GIMP](gimp.md)).
- 3D rendering (and also modeling) works with the concept of a **[scene](scene.md)** in which a number of models reside, as well as a virtual camera (or multiple ones), lights and other objects. These objects have **transformations** (normally translation, rotation and scale, represented by [matrices](matrix.md)) and may form a hierarchy, so called [scene graph](scene_graph.md) (some objects may be parents of other objects, meaning the child transformations are relative to parents) etc.
- A 3D renderer will draw the triangles the model consists of by applying **[shading](shading.md)** to determine color of each [pixel](pixel.md) of the [rasterized](rasterization.md) triangle. Shading takes into account besides others texture(s) of the model, its material properties and light falling on the model (in which the model normals play a big role). Shading can be modified by creating **[shaders](shader.md)** (if you don't create custom shaders, some default one will be used).
- Briefly learn about other concepts such as low/high poly modeling and basic **3D formats** such as [OBJ](obj.md) and [COLLADA](collada.md) (which features they support etc.), possible other models representations ([voxels](voxel.md), [point clouds](point_cloud.md), ...) etc.
2. **Manually create a few extremely simple [low-poly](low_poly.md) untextured models**, e.g. that of a simple house, laptop, hammer, bottle etc. Keep the vertex and triangle count very low (under 100), make the model by MANUALLY creating every vertex and triangle and focus only on learning this low level geometry manipulation well (how to create a vertex, how to split an edge, how to rotate a triangle, ...), making the model conform to good practice and get familiar with tools you're using, i.e. learn the key binds, locking movement direction to principal axes, learn manipulating your 3D view, setting up the free/side/front/top view with reference images etc. Make the model nice! I.e. make it have correctly facing triangles (turn [backface culling](backface_culling.md) on to check this), avoid intersecting triangles, unnecessary triangles and vertices, remove all duplicate vertices (don't have multiple vertices with the same position), connect all that should be connected, avoid badly shaped triangles (e.g. extremely acute/long ones) etc. Also learn about normals and make them nice! I.e. try automatic normal generation (fiddle e.g. with angle thresholds for sharp/smooth edges), see how they affect the model look, try manually marking some edges sharp, try out smoothing groups etc. Save your final models in OBJ format (one of the simplest and most common formats supporting all you need at this stage). All this will be a lot to learn, that's why you must not try to create a complex model at this stage. You can keep yourself "motivated" e.g. by aiming for creating a low-poly model collection you can share at opengameart or somewhere :)
3. **Learn texturing** -- just take the models you have and try to put a simple texture on them by drawing a simple image, then unwrapping the UV coordinates and MANUALLY editing the UV map to fit on the model. Again the goal is to get familiar with the tools and concepts now; experiment with helpers such as unwrapping by "projecting from 3D view", using "smart" UV unwrap etc. Make the UV map nice! Just as model geometry, UV maps also have good practice -- e.g. you should utilize as many texture pixels as possible (otherwise you're wasting space in the image), watch out for [color bleeding](color_bleeding.md), the mapping should have kind of "uniform pixel density" (or possibly increased density on triangles where more details is supposed to be), some pixels of the texture may be mapped to multiple triangles if possible (to efficiently utilize them) etc. Only make a simple diffuse texture (don't do [PBR](pbr.md), material textures etc., that's too advanced now). Try out texture painting and manual texture creation in a 2D image program, get familiar with both.
4. **Learn modifiers and advanced tools**. Modifiers help you e.g. with the creation of symmetric models: you only model one side and the other one gets mirrored. Subdivide modifier will automatically create a higher poly version of your model (but you need to help it by telling it which sides are sharp etc.). [Boolean](bool.md) operations allow you to apply set operations like unification or subtraction of shapes (but usually create a messy geometry you have to repair!). There are many tools, experiment and learn about their pros and cons, try to incorporate them to your modeling.
5. **Learn retopology and possibly sculpting**. Topology is an extremely important concept -- it says what the structure of triangles/polygons is, how they are distributed, how they are connected, which curves their edges follow etc. Good topology has certain rules (e.g. ideally only being composed of quads, being denser where the shape has more detail and sparser where it's flat, having edges so that animation won't deform the model badly etc.). Topology is important for efficiency (you utilize your polygon budget well), texturing and especially animation (nice deformation of the model). Creating more complex models is almost always done in the following two steps:
1. Creating the shape while ignoring topology, for example with sculpting (but also other techniques, e.g. just throwing shapes together). The goal is to just make the desired shape.
2. Retopology: creating a nice topology for the shape while keeping the shape unchanged. This is done by starting modeling from the start with the "stick to surface" option, i.e. whenever you create or move a vertex, it sticks to the nearest surface (surface of the created shape). Here you just try to create a new "envelope" on the existing shape while focusing on making the envelope's topology nice.
- Creating the shape while ignoring topology, for example with sculpting (but also other techniques, e.g. just throwing shapes together). The goal is to just make the desired shape.
- Retopology: creating a nice topology for the shape while keeping the shape unchanged. This is done by starting modeling from the start with the "stick to surface" option, i.e. whenever you create or move a vertex, it sticks to the nearest surface (surface of the created shape). Here you just try to create a new "envelope" on the existing shape while focusing on making the envelope's topology nice.
6. **Learn about materials and [shaders](shader.md)**. At this point you may learn about how to create custom shaders, how to create transparent materials, apply multiple textures, how to make realistic skin, [PBR](pbr.md) shaders etc. You should at least be aware of basic shading concepts and commonly encountered techniques such as [Phong shading](phong_shading.md), [subsurface scattering](subsurface_scattering.md), [screen space](screen_space.md) effects etc. because you'll encounter them in shader editors and you should e.g. know what performance penalties to expect.
6. **Learn animation**. First learn about keyframes and [interpolation](interpolation.md) and try to animate basic transformations of a model, e.g. animate a car driving through a city by keyframing its position and rotation. Then learn about animating the model's geometry -- first the simple, old way of morphing between different shapes (shape keys in Blender). Finally learn the hardest type of animation: skeletal animation. Learn about bones, armatures, rigging, inverse kinematics etc.
7. **Now you can go crazy** and learn all the uber features such as hair, physics simulation, [NURBS](nurbs.md) surfaces, boob physics etc.
7. **Now you can go crazy** and learn all the uber features such as hair, physics simulation, [NURBS](nurbs.md) surfaces, boob physics etc.
**Don't forget to stick to [LRS](lrs.md) principles!** This is important so that your models are friendly to good technology. I.e. even if "[modern](modern.md)" desktops don't really care about polygon count anymore, still take the effort to optimize your model so as to not use more polygons that necessary! Your models may potentially be used on small, non-consumerist computers with [software renderers](software_rendering.md) and low amount of RAM. [Low-poly](low_poly.md) is better than high-poly (you can still prepare your model for automatic subdivision so that obtaining a higher poly model from it automatically is possible). Don't use complex stuff such as PBR or skeletal animation unless necessary -- you should mostly be able to get away with a simple diffuse texture and simple keyframe morphing animation, just like in old games! If you do use complex stuff, make it optional (e.g. make a normal map but don't rely on it being used in the end).
Crime against [economy](economy.md) refers to any [bullshit](bullshit.md) "crime" invented by [capitalism](capitalism.md) that is deemed to "hurt economy", the new god of society. In the current dystopian society where money has replaced God, worshiping economy is the new religion; to satisfy economy human and animal lives are sacrificed just as such sacrifices used to be made to please the gods of ancient times.
Crime against [economy](economy.md) refers to any [bullshit](bullshit.md) "crime" invented by [capitalism](capitalism.md) that is deemed to "hurt economy", the new God of society. In the current dystopian society where money has replaced God, worshiping economy is the new religion; to satisfy economy human and animal lives are sacrificed just as such sacrifices used to be made to please the gods of ancient times.
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ Of course you can fork this wiki and try to remove politics from it, but I think
### What is the political direction of LRS then?
In three words: [anarcho pacifist](anpac.md) [communism](communism.md). For more details see the article about [LRS](lrs.md) itself.
In three words basically [anarcho pacifist](anpac.md) [communism](communism.md), however the word [culture](culture.md) may be more appropriate than "politics" here as we aim for removing traditional systems of government based on power and enforcing complex laws, there shall be no politicians in today's sense in our society. For more details see the article about [LRS](lrs.md) itself.
### Why do you blame everything on capitalism when most of the issues you talk about, like propaganda, surveillance, exploitation of the poor and general abuse of power, appeared also under practically any other systems we've seen in history?
*Not to be confused with [open $ource](open_source.md).*
*"Our life is worthless unless spent of freedom."* --Vortigaunt in HL2
Free (as in freedom) software is a type of ethical [software](software.md) that's respecting its users' freedom and preventing their abuse, generally by availability of its source code AND by a [license](license.md) that allows anyone to use, study, modify and share the software. Free software is NOT equal to software whose source code is available or software that is offered for zero price, the basic rights to the software are the key attribute that has to be present. Free software stands opposed to [proprietary software](proprietary_software.md) -- the kind of abusive, closed software that [capitalism](capitalism.md) produces by default. Free software is not to be confused with [freeware](freeware.md) ("gratis", software available for free); although free software is always available for free thanks to its definition, zero price is not its goal. The goal is freedom.
Free software is also known as *free as in freedom*, *free as in speech* software or *libre* software. It is sometimes equated with [open source](open_source.md), even though open source is fundamentally different ([evil](evil.md)), or neutrally labelled FOSS or FLOSS (free/libre and open-source software). Software that is gratis (freeware) is sometimes called *free as in beer*.
**Examples of free software** include the [GNU](gnu.md) operating system (also known as "[Linux](linux.md)"), [GIMP](gimp.md) (image editor), [Stockfish](stockfish.md) chess engine, or games such as [Xonotic](xonotic.md) and [Anarch](anarch.md). Free software is actually what runs the world, it is a standard among experts and it is possible to do computing with exclusively free software, even though most normal people don't even know the term free software exists because they only ever come in contact with abusive [proprietary](proprietary.md) consumer software such as [Windows](windows.md) and capitalist [games](game.md). There also exists a lot of big and successful software, such as [Fireforx](firefox.md), [Linux](linux.md) (the kernel) or [Blender](blender.md), that's often spoken of as free software which may however be only technically true or true only to a big (but not full) degree: for example even though [Linux](linux.md) is 99% free, in its [vanilla](vanilla.md) version it comes with [proprietary](proprietary.md) [binary blobs](binary_blob.md) which breaks the rules of free software. [Blender](blender.md) is technically free but it is also [capitalist software](capitalist_software.md) which doesn't really care about freedom and may de-facto limit some freedoms required by free software, even if they are granted legally by Blender's license. Such software is better called "[open source](open_source.md)" or [FOSS](foss.md) because it doesn't meet the high standards of free software.
Though unknown to common people, the invention and adoption of free software has been **one the most important events in the history of computers** -- mere technology consumers nowadays don't even realize (and aren't told) that what they're using consists and has been enabled possibly mostly by software written non-commercially, by volunteers for free, basically on [communist](communism.md) principles. Even if consumer technology is unethical because the underlying free technology has been modified by [corporations](corporation.md) to abuse the users, without free software the situation would have been incomparably worse if Richard Stallman hadn't achieved the small miracle of establishing free software. Without it there would probably be practically no alternative to abusive technology nowadays, everything would be much more closed, there would probably be no "[open source](open_source.md)", "[open hardware](open_hardware.md)" such as [Arduino](arduino.md) and things such as [Wikipedia](wikipedia.md). If the danger of [intellectual property](intellectual_property.md) in software wasn't foreseen and countered by Richard Stallman, the corporations' push of legislation would probably have continued and copyright laws might have been many times worse today, to the point of not even being able to legally write free software nowadays. We have to be very grateful that this happened and continue to support free software.
[Richard Stallman](rms.md), the inventor of the concept and the term "free software", says free software is about ensuring the freedom of computer users, i.e. people truly owning their tools -- he points out that unless people have complete control over their tools, they don't truly own them and will instead become controlled and abused by the makers (true owners) of those tools, which in [capitalism](capitalism.md) are [corporations](corporation.md). Richard Stallman stressed that **there is no such thing as partially free software** -- it takes only a single line of code to take away the user's freedom and therefore if software is to be free, it has to be free as a whole. This is in direct contrast with [open source](open_source.md) (a term discourages by Stallman himself) which happily tolerates for example [Windows](windows.md) only programs and accepts them as "open source", even though such a program cannot be run without the underlying proprietary code of the platform. It is therefore important to support free software rather than the business spoiled open source.
**Free software is not about [privacy](privacy.md)!** That is a retarded simplification spread by cryptofascists. Free software, as its name suggests, is about freedom in wide sense, which of course does include the freedom to stay anonymous, but there are many more freedoms which free software stands for, e.g. the freedom of customization of one's tools or the general freedom of art -- being able to utilize or remix someone else's creation for creating something new or better. Software focused on privacy is called privacy software.
**Free software is not about [privacy](privacy.md)!** That is a retarded simplification spread by cryptofascists. Free software, as its name suggests, is about freedom in wide sense, which of course does include the freedom to stay anonymous, but there are many more freedoms which free software stands for, e.g. the freedom of customization of one's tools or the general freedom of art -- being able to utilize or remix someone else's creation for creating something new or better. Software focused on privacy is called simply privacy respecting software.
**Is free software [communism](communism.md)?** This is a question often debated by [Americans](usa.md) who have a panic phobia of anything resembling ideas of sharing and giving away for free. The answer is: yes and no. No as in it's not [Marxism](marxism.md), the kind of [evil](evil.md) pseudocommunism that plagued the world not a long time long ago -- that was a hugely complex, twisted violent ideology encompassing whole society which furthermore betrayed many basic ideas of equality and so on. Compared to this free software is just a simple idea of not applying intellectual property to software, and this idea may well function under some form of early capitalism. But on the other hand yes, free software is communism in its general form that simply states that sharing is good, it is communism as much e.g. teaching a kid to share toys with its siblings.
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Free software was originally defined by [Richard Stallman](rms.md) for his [GNU]
Software is considered free if all its users have the legal and [de facto](de_facto.md) rights to:
0. Use the software for any purpose.
0. Use the software for any purpose (even commercial or that somehow deemed unethical by someone).
1. Study the software. For this source code of the program has to be available.
2. Share the software with anyone.
3. Modify the software. For this source code of the program has to be available. This modified version can also be shared with anyone.
Freedom of speech means there are no arbitrary government or anyone else imposed punishments for or obstacles (such as [censorship](censorship.md)) to merely talking about anything, making any public statement or publication of any information. **Free speech has to be by definition absolute and have no limit**, otherwise it's not free speech but controlled speech -- trying to add exceptions to free speech is like trying to limit to whom a [free software](free_software.md) license if granted; doing so immediately makes such software non-free. Freedom of speech is an essential attribute of a mature society, sadly it hasn't been widely implemented yet and with the [SJW](sjw.md) cancer the latest trend in society is towards eliminating free speech rather than supporting it (see e.g. [political correctness](political_correctness.md)). Speech is being widely censored by extremist groups (e.g. [LGBT](lgbt.md), see [cancel culture](cancel_culture.md)) and states -- depending on country there exist laws against so called "[hate speech](hate_speech.md)", questioning official versions of history (see e.g. [Holocaust](holocaust.md) denial laws present in many EU states), criticizing powerful people (for example it is illegal to criticize or insult that huge inbred dick Thai king), sharing of useful information such as books ([copyright](copyright.md) censorship) etc. Free speech nowadays is being eliminated by the strategy of creating an exception to free speech, usually called "hate speech", and then classifying any undesired speech under such label and silencing it.
Freedom of speech means there are no arbitrary government or anyone else imposed punishments for or obstacles (such as [censorship](censorship.md)) to merely talking about anything, making any public statement or publication of any information. **Free speech has to be by definition absolute and have no limit**, otherwise it's not free speech but controlled speech -- trying to add exceptions to free speech is like trying to limit to whom a [free software](free_software.md) license if granted; doing so immediately makes such software non-free. Freedom of speech is an essential attribute of a mature society, sadly it hasn't been widely implemented yet and with the [SJW](sjw.md) cancer the latest trend in society is towards eliminating free speech rather than supporting it (see e.g. [political correctness](political_correctness.md)). Speech is being widely censored by extremist groups (e.g. [LGBT](lgbt.md) and [corporations](corporation.md), see also [cancel culture](cancel_culture.md)) and states -- depending on country there exist laws against so called "[hate speech](hate_speech.md)", questioning official versions of history (see e.g. [Holocaust](holocaust.md) denial laws present in many EU states), criticizing powerful people (for example it is illegal to criticize or insult that huge inbred dick Thai king), sharing of useful information such as books ([copyright](copyright.md) censorship) etc. Free speech nowadays is being eliminated by the strategy of creating an exception to free speech, usually called "hate speech", and then classifying any undesired speech under such label and silencing it.
The basic principle of free speech says that **if you don't support freedom of speech which you dislike, you don't support free speech**.
@ -66,12 +66,16 @@ Shortly after, on 29 October 1969, another historical event would happen that co
By 1977 ARPANET had about 60 nodes.
In 1983 **[Richard Stallman](rms.md) announced his [GNU](gnu.md) project and invented [free (as in freedom) software](free_software.md)**, a kind of software that is freely shared and developed by the people so as to respect the users' freedom. This kind of ethical software stands opposed to the [proprietary](proprietary.md) corporate software, it would lead to creation of some of the most important software and to a whole revolution in software development and its licensing, it would spark the creation of other movements striving for keeping ethics in the information age.
August 12 1981 would see the released of **[IBM PC](ibm_pc.md)**, a personal computer based on open, modular architecture that would immediately be very successful and would become the [de-facto standard](de_facto_standard.md) of personal computers. IBM PC was the first of the kind of desktop computers we have today. It had 4.77 MHz [Intel 8088](intel.md) CPU, 16 kB of [RAM](ram.md) and used 5.25" [floppy disks](floppy.md).
August 12 1981 would see the released of **[IBM PC](ibm_pc.md)**, a person computer based on open, modular architecture that would immediately be very successful and would become the [de-facto standard](de_facto_standard.md) of personal computers. IBM PC was the first of the kind of desktop computers we have today. It had 4.77 MHz [Intel 8088](intel.md) CPU, 16 kB of [RAM](ram.md) and used 5.25" [floppy disks](floppy.md).
In 1983 **[Richard Stallman](rms.md) announced his [GNU](gnu.md) project and invented [free (as in freedom) software](free_software.md)**, a kind of software that is freely shared and developed by the people so as to respect the users' freedom. This kind of ethical software stands opposed to the [proprietary](proprietary.md) corporate software, it would lead to creation of some of the most important software and to a whole revolution in software development and its licensing, it would spark the creation of other movements striving for keeping ethics in the information age.
On November 20 1985 the first version of **[Windows](windows.md) operating system** was sadly released by [Microsoft](microsoft.md). These systems would become the mainstream desktop operating systems despite their horrible design and they would unfortunately establish so called [Windows philosophy](windows_philosophy.md) that would irreversibly corrupt other mainstream technology.
On April 26 1986 the **[Chernobyl](chernobyl.md) nuclear disaster** happened (the worst accident of this kind in history) -- in north Ukraine (at the time under [USSR](ussr.md)) a nuclear [power plant](power_plant.md) exploded, contaminated a huge area with [radioactivity](radioactivity.md) and released a toxic radioactive cloud that would spread over Europe -- many would die either directly or indirectly (many years later due to radioactivity poisoning, estimated at many thousands). The Chernobyl area would be sealed in the 30 km radius. It is estimated the area won't be habitable again for several thousands of years.
Around this time [Internet](internet.md) is not yet mainstream but it is, along with similar local networks, working and has active communities -- there is no world wide web yet but people are using [Usenet](usenet.md) and [BBSes](bbs.md) for "online" discussions with complete strangers.
At the beginning of 1991 [Tim Berners-Lee](berners_lee.md) created the **[World Wide Web](www.md)**, a network of interlinked pages on the Internet. This marks another huge step in the Internet revolution, the Web would become the primary Internet service and the greatest software platform for publishing any kind of information faster and cheaper than ever before. It is what would popularize the Internet and bring it to the masses.
On 25 August 1991 **[Linus Torvalds](linus_torvalds.md) announced [Linux](linux.md)**, his project for a completely free as in freedom Unix-like [operating system](os.md). Linux would become part of [GNU](gnu.md) and later one of the biggest and most successful software projects in history. It would end up powering Internet servers and supercomputers as well as desktop computers of a great number of users. Linux proved that free software works and surpasses proprietary systems.
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Our society is **[anarcho pacifist](anpac.md) and [communist](communism.md)**, m
**[Technology](technology.md) is simple, powerful, efficient, [future proof](future_proof.md), ecological, generally good and maximally helps people**. [Internet](internet.md) is actually nice, it provides practically all [information](information.md) ever digitized, for example there is a global database of all videos ever produced, including movies, educational videos and documentaries, all without [ads](ad.md), [DRM](drm.md) and [copyright](copyright.md) strikes, coming with all known [metadata](metadata.md) such as tags, subtitles, annotations and translations and are accessible by many means (something akin websites, [APIs](api.md), physical media ...), all videos can be downloaded, mirrored and complex search queries can be performed, unlike e.g. with [YouTube](youtube.md). Satellite images, streams from all live cameras and other sensors in the world are easily accessible in real time. Search engines are much more powerful than [Google](google.md) can dream of as data is organized efficiently and friendly to indexing, not hidden behind paywalls, [JavaScript](javascript.md) obscurity or registrations to websites, which means that for example all text of all e-books is indexed as well as all conversations ever had on the Internet and subtitles of videos. All source code of all programs is available for unlimited use by anyone. There are only a few models of standardized [computers](computer.md) -- a universal **[public domain computer](public_domain_computer.md)** -- not thousands of slightly different competing products as nowadays. There is a tiny, energy efficient computer model, then a more powerful computer for complex computations, a simple computer designed to be extremely easy to manufacture etc. None of course have malicious features such as [DRM](drm.md), gay teenager aesthetics, consumerist "killer features" or planned obsolescence. All schematics are available. People possibly wear personal [wrist-watch-like computers](less_retarded_watch.md), however these are nothing like today's "[smart](smart.md)" watches/phones -- our wrist computers are completely under the user's control, without any bullshit, spyware, ads and other malicious features, they last weeks or months on battery as they are in low energy consumption mode whenever they're not in use, they run [extremely efficient software](lrs.md) and are NOT constantly connected to the Internet and [updating](update_culture.md) -- as an alternative to connecting to the Internet (which is still possible but requires activating a transmitter) the device may just choose to receive a [world-wide broadcast](world_broadcast.md) of general information (which only requires a low power consumption receiver) if the user requests it (similarly to how [teletext](teletext.md) worked), e.g. info about time, weather or news that's broadcasted by towers and/or satellites and/or small local broadcasters. Furthermore wrist computers are very durable and water proof and may have built-in solar chargers, so one wrist computer works completely independently and for many decades. They have connectors to attach external devices like keyboards and bigger displays when the user needs to use the device comfortably at home. The computing world is NOT split by competing standards such as different programming languages, most programmers use just one programming language similar to [C](c.md) that's been designed to maximize quality of technology (as opposed to capitalist interests such as allowing rapid development by incompetent programmers or [update culture](update_culture.md)).
**Fascism doesn't exist**, people no longer compete socially and don't live in [fear](fear_culture.md) (of immigrants, poverty, losing jobs, religious extremists etc.) that would give rise to militarist thought, society is multicultural and [races](race.md) highly mixed. There is no need for things such as [political correctness](political_correctness.md) and other censorship, people acknowledge there exist differences -- differences (e.g. in competence or performance) don't matter in a non-competitive society, discrimination doesn't exist.
**[Fascism](fascism.md) doesn't exist**, people no longer compete socially and don't live in [fear](fear_culture.md) (of immigrants, poverty, losing jobs, religious extremists etc.) that would give rise to militarist thought, society is multicultural and [races](race.md) highly mixed. There is no need for things such as [political correctness](political_correctness.md) and other censorship, people acknowledge there exist differences -- differences (e.g. in competence or performance) don't matter in a non-competitive society, discrimination doesn't exist.
**Computer [security](security.md) is not an issue anymore**, passwords and encryption practically don't exist anymore, there is nothing to "steal", no money on the Internet, no way to abuse personal data, no possibility to ruin someone's career, no celebrity accounts to hack etc.
@ -92,10 +92,10 @@ Other technology than software may also be aligned with LRS principles, e.g.:
- [chess](chess.md)
- street [football](football.md)
## Politics And Society
## Politics/Culture And Society
*See also [less retarded society](less_retarded_society.md) and [FAQ](faq.md).*
LRS is connected to pretty specific political beliefs, but it's not a requirement to share those beliefs to create LRS or be part of the community centered around LRS technology. We just think that it doesn't make logical sense to support LRS and not the politics that justifies it and from which it is derived, but it's up to you to verify this.
With that said, the politics behind LRS is an [idealist](idealism.md) [anarcho pacifist](anpac.md) [communism](communism.md), but NOT [pseudoleftism](pseudoleftism.md) (i.e. we do not support political correctness, [COC](coc.md)s, [cancel culture](cancel_culture.md), Marxism-Leninism etc.). In our views, goals and means we are similar to the [Venus project](venus_project.md), even though we may not agree completely on all points. We are not officially associated with any other project or community. **We [love](love.md) all [living beings](life.md)** (not just people), even those who cause us pain or hate us, we believe love is the only way towards a good society -- in this we follow similar philosophy of nonviolence that was preached by [Jesus](jesus.md) but without necessarily being religious, we simply think it is the only correct way of a mature society to behave nonviolently and lovingly towards everyone. We do NOT have any leaders or heroes; people are imperfect and giving some more power, louder voices or greater influence creates hierarchy and goes against anarchism, therefore we only follow ideas. We aim for true social (not necessarily physical) equality of everyone, our technology helps everyone equally. We reject [competition](competition.md) as a basis of society and anti-equality means such as violence, [fights](fight_culture.md), bullying ([cancelling](cancel_culture.md) etc.), [censorship](censorship.md) ([political correctness](political_correctness.md) etc.), [governments](government.md) and [capitalism](capitalism.md). We support things such as [universal basic income](ubi.md) (as long as there exist money which we are however ultimately against), [veganism](veganism.md) and [slow movement](slow_movement.md). We highly prefer peaceful [evolution](evolution.md) to [revolution](revolution.md) as revolutions tend to be violent and have to be [fought](fight_culture.md) -- we do not intend to push any ideas by force but rather to convince enough people to a voluntary change.
With that said, the politics behind LRS is an [idealist](idealism.md) [anarcho pacifist](anpac.md) [communism](communism.md), but NOT [pseudoleftism](pseudoleftism.md) (i.e. we do not support political correctness, [COC](coc.md)s, [cancel culture](cancel_culture.md), Marxism-Leninism etc.). In our views, goals and means we are similar to the [Venus project](venus_project.md), even though we may not agree completely on all points. We are not officially associated with any other project or community. **We [love](love.md) all [living beings](life.md)** (not just people), even those who cause us pain or hate us, we believe love is the only way towards a good society -- in this we follow similar philosophy of nonviolence that was preached by [Jesus](jesus.md) but without necessarily being religious, we simply think it is the only correct way of a mature society to behave nonviolently and lovingly towards everyone. We do NOT have any leaders or [heroes](hero_culture.md); people are imperfect and giving some more power, louder voices or greater influence creates hierarchy and goes against anarchism, therefore we only follow ideas. We aim for true social (not necessarily physical) equality of everyone, our technology helps everyone equally. We reject [competition](competition.md) as a basis of society and anti-equality means such as violence, [fights](fight_culture.md), bullying ([cancelling](cancel_culture.md) etc.), [censorship](censorship.md) ([political correctness](political_correctness.md) etc.), [governments](government.md) and [capitalism](capitalism.md). We support things such as [universal basic income](ubi.md) (as long as there exist money which we are however ultimately against), [veganism](veganism.md) and [slow movement](slow_movement.md). We highly prefer peaceful [evolution](evolution.md) to [revolution](revolution.md) as revolutions tend to be violent and have to be [fought](fight_culture.md) -- we do not intend to push any ideas by force but rather to convince enough people to a voluntary change.
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Welcome to [Less Retarded Wiki](lrs_wiki.md), an encyclopedia only I can edit. B
{ I no longer see hope, good is practically non existent in this world. This is my last attempt at preserving pure good, I will continue to spread the truth and unconditional love of all life as long as I will be capable of, until the society lynches me for having loved too much. At this point I feel very alone, this work now exists mostly for myself in my isolated world. But I hope that once perhaps my love will be shared with a reader far away, in space or time, even if I will never know him. This is the only way I can continue living. I wish you happy reading, my dear friend. ~[drummyfish](drummyfish.md) }
This is a Wiki for [less retarded software](lrs.md), [less retarded society](less_retarded_society.md) (LRS) and related topics, mainly those of [politics](politics.md) and [society](society.md), idealization of which LRS should help achieve. LRS Wiki is a new, refreshing wiki without [political correctness](political_correctness.md).
This is a Wiki for [less retarded software](lrs.md), [less retarded society](less_retarded_society.md) (LRS) and related topics, mainly those of [society](society.md), its [culture](culture.md) and ideal [political views](politics.md) etc. -- LRS should help achieve ideal society with ideal technology. LRS Wiki is a new, refreshing wiki without [political correctness](political_correctness.md).
**We love all living beings. Even you.** We want to create technology that truly and maximally helps you, e.g. a completely [public domain computer](public_domain_computer.md). We do NOT [fight](fight_culture.md) anything and we don't have any [heroes](hero_culture.md). We want to move peacefully towards [society](less_retarded_society.md) that's not based on [competition](competition.md) but rather on [collaboration](collaboration.md).
@ -34,8 +34,6 @@ Are you a failure? Learn [which type](fail_ab.md) you are.
**Before contributing please read the [rules & style](wiki_style.md)! By contributing you agree to release your contribution under our [waiver](wiki_rights.md).** {But contributions aren't really accepted RN :) ~drummyfish }
We have a **[C tutorial](c_tutorial.md)**! It [rocks](rock.md).
Pay us a visit on the [Island](island.md) and pet our [dog](dog.md)! And come mourn with us in the [cathedral](cathedral.md), because **technology is dying**. [Modern](modern.md) age is a pile of shit extending to another galaxy. The future is dark but we do our best to bring the light, even knowing it is futile.
@ -44,6 +42,8 @@ LRS Wiki is [collapse](collapse.md) ready! Feel free to print it out, take it to
If you're new here, you may want to read answers to [frequently asked questions](faq.md) (**FAQ**), including "Are you a fascist?" (spoiler: no) and "Do you love Hitler?".
Well, we're trying to figure this out on this wiki, but less retarded software is greatly related to [suckless](suckless.md), [Unix](unix.md), [KISS](kiss.md), [free](free_software.md), selfless and sustainable software created to maximally help all living beings. LRS stands opposed to all [shittiness](shit.md) of so called ["modern"](modern.md) software. We pursue heading towards an ideal society such as that of the [Venus project](venus_project.md). For more details see the article about [LRS](lrs.md).
Digital privacy is the ability and freedom of an individual to hide "sensitive" [information](information.md) about himself. Of course, there are other forms of privacy than digital, for example the physical privacy [in real life](irl.md), however in this article we'll be implicitly dealing with digital privacy unless mentioned otherwise, i.e. privacy with respect to computers, e.g. on the [Internet](internet.md).
Firstly we have to state that **privacy concerns are a symptom of [bad society](capitalism.d). We shouldn't ultimately try to protect privacy more (cure symptoms) but rather make a [society where need for privacy isn't an issue](less_retarded_society.md) (cure the root cause).** This sentiment is shared by many hackers, even [Richard Stallman](rms.md) himself used to revolt against passwords when he was at MIT AI Labs; he intentionally used just the password "rms" to allow other people to use his account (this is mentioned in the book *Free As In Freedom*). Efforts towards increasing and protecting privacy is in its essence an unnecessary [bullshit](bullshit.md) effort wasting human work, similarly to [law](law.md), [marketing](marketing.md) etc. It is all about censorship and secrecy. Besides this, **all effort towards protecting digital privacy will eventually fail**, thanks to e.g. advanced [AI](ai.md) that will identify individuals by pattern in their behavior, even if their explicit identity information is hidden perfectly. Things such as browser [fingerprinting](fingerprint.md) are already a standard and simple practice allowing highly successful uncovering of identity of anonymous people online, and research AI is taking this to the next level (e.g. the paper *Detecting Individual Decision-Making Style: Exploring Behavioral Stylometry in Chess* shows revealing [chess](chess.md) players by their play style). With [internet of stinks](iot.md), cameras, microphones and smartphones everywhere, advanced AI will be able to identify and track an individual basically anywhere no matter the privacy precautions taken. Curing the root cause is the only option to prevent a catastrophic scenario.
**Society is becoming more and more obsessed with privacy and that is EXTREMELY BAD.** It leads to hardcore [censorship](censorship.md), people are hiding their emails so it's impossible to contact them, photos of child faces are wiped from the Internet, people are afraid to credit other people by name even if they are e.g. legally obliged to by a license such as CC-BY-SA ([lmao](lmao.md) https://forum.freegamedev.net/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=19322). Such retardedness has probably never been seen yet.
We have to state that **privacy concerns are a symptom of [bad society](capitalism.d). We shouldn't ultimately try to protect privacy more (cure symptoms) but rather make a [society where need for privacy isn't an issue](less_retarded_society.md) (cure the root cause).** This sentiment is shared by many hackers, even [Richard Stallman](rms.md) himself used to revolt against passwords when he was at MIT AI Labs; he intentionally used just the password "rms" to allow other people to use his account (this is mentioned in the book *Free As In Freedom*). Efforts towards increasing and protecting privacy is in its essence an unnecessary [bullshit](bullshit.md) effort wasting human work, similarly to [law](law.md), [marketing](marketing.md) etc. It is all about censorship and secrecy. Besides this, **all effort towards protecting digital privacy will eventually fail**, thanks to e.g. advanced [AI](ai.md) that will identify individuals by pattern in their behavior, even if their explicit identity information is hidden perfectly. Things such as browser [fingerprinting](fingerprint.md) are already a standard and simple practice allowing highly successful uncovering of identity of anonymous people online, and research AI is taking this to the next level (e.g. the paper *Detecting Individual Decision-Making Style: Exploring Behavioral Stylometry in Chess* shows revealing [chess](chess.md) players by their play style). With [internet of stinks](iot.md), cameras, microphones and smartphones everywhere, advanced AI will be able to identify and track an individual basically anywhere no matter the privacy precautions taken. Curing the root cause is the only option to prevent a catastrophic scenario.
By this viewpoint, [LRS](lrs.md)'s stance towards privacy differs from that of many (if not most) [free software](free_software.md), [hacker](hacker.md) and [suckless](suckless.md) communities: to us **privacy is a form of [censorship](censorhip.md)** and as such is seen as inherently bad. We dream of a world without abuse where (digital) privacy is not needed because society has adopted our philosophy of information freedom, non-violence and non-competition and there is no threat of sensitive information abuse. Unlike other, not only do we dream of it, we actively try to make it a reality. Even though we know the ideally working society is unreachable, we try to at least get close to it by restricting ourselves to bare minimum privacy (so we are very open but won't e.g. publish our passwords). We believe that abuse of sensitive information is an issue of the basic principles of our society (e.g. [capitalism](capitalism.md)) and should be addressed by fixing these issues rather than by harmful methods such as censorship.
Technology ("tech") encompasses tools and knowledge of making such tools invented and achieved mainly with the help of [science](science.md) and by long systematic effort. This includes everything from stone tools to space rockets and [artificial intelligence](ai.md). On the Internet, as well as on this Wiki, this term is often used with the focus on [computer](computer.md) technology, i.e. [hardware](hardware.md) and [software](software.md), as this is the kind of technology that is being discussed and developed the most in our days. Technology, like fire, should serve us, but can also be dangerous and often gets misused and abused.
Technology (from Greek tekhnologia, "systematic treatment of art", also just "tech") encompasses tools and knowledge of making such tools invented and achieved mainly with the help of [science](science.md) and by long systematic effort. This includes everything from [stone tools](rock.md) to space rockets and [artificial intelligence](ai.md). On the Internet, as well as on this Wiki, this term is often used with the focus on [computer](computer.md) technology, i.e. [hardware](hardware.md) and [software](software.md), as this is the kind of technology that is being discussed and developed the most in our days. Technology, like fire, should serve us, but can also be dangerous and often gets misused and abused.
