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Gopher is just an [application layer](l7.md) [protocol](protocol.md) (officially running on [port](port.md) 70 assigned by [IANA](iana.md)), i.e it sits above lower layer protocols like [TCP](tcp.md) and takes the same role as [HTTP](http.md) on the Web and so only defines how clients and servers talk to each other -- the gopher protocol doesn't say how menus are written or stored on servers. Nevertheless for the creation of menus so called **gophermaps** have been established, which is a simple format for writing menus and are the gopher equivalent of Web's [HTML](html.md) files (just much simpler, basically just menu items on separate lines, the exact syntax is ultimately defined by server implementation). A server doesn't have to use gophermaps, it may be e.g. configured to create menus automatically from directories and files stored on the server, however gophermaps allow users to write custom menus manually. Typically in someone's gopherhole you'll be served a welcoming intro menu similar to a personal webpage that's been written as a gophermap, which may then link to directiories storing personal files or other hand written menus. Some gopher servers also allow creating dynamic content with scripts called **moles**.
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**Gopher [software](software.md)**: sadly "[modern](modern.md)" browsers are so modern they have millions of lines of code but can't be bothered to support such a trivial protocol like gopher, however there are Web proxies you can use to explore gopherspace. Better browsers such as [lynx](lynx.md) (terminal) or [forg](forg.md) ([GUI](gui.md)) can be used for browsing gopherspace natively. As a server you may use e.g. Gophernicus (used by [SDF](sdf.md)) or search for another one, there are dozens. For the creation of gophermaps you simply use a plaintext editor. **Where to host gopher?** [Pubnixes](pubnix.md) such as [SDF](sdf.md), [tilde.town](tilde_town.md) and [Circumlunar community](circumlunar.md) offer gopher hosting but many people simply [self-host](self_hosting.md) servers e.g. on [Raspberry Pis](rpi.md), it's pretty simple.
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**Gopher [software](software.md)**: sadly "[modern](modern.md)" browsers are so modern they have millions of lines of code but can't be bothered to support such a trivial protocol like gopher, however there are Web proxies you can use to explore gopherspace (look up e.g. floodgap). Better browsers such as [lynx](lynx.md) (terminal), [sacc](sacc.md), [clic](clic.md) or [forg](forg.md) ([GUI](gui.md)) can be used for browsing gopherspace natively (it's not hard, you don't need to learn any keybinds, using arrow keys usually just works). As a server you may use e.g. Gophernicus (used by [SDF](sdf.md)) or search for another one, there are dozens. { Personally I've used gophrier for server, it was the simplest one I found. ~drummyfish } For the creation of gophermaps you simply use a plaintext editor. **Where to host gopher?** [Pubnixes](pubnix.md) such as [SDF](sdf.md), [tilde.town](tilde_town.md) and [Circumlunar community](circumlunar.md) offer gopher hosting but many people simply [self-host](self_hosting.md) servers e.g. on [Raspberry Pis](rpi.md), it's pretty simple.
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**Some basic/interesting gopher links**: gopher://bitreich.org/1/lawn (directory of gopher holes), gopher://gopher.floodgap.com/7/v2/vs (search engine), gopher://circumlunar.space:70/1 (circumlunar space), gopher://gopherpedia.com ([Wikipedia](wikipedia.md) on gopher), ...
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**Some basic/interesting gopher links**: gopher://bitreich.org/1/lawn (directory of gopher holes), gopher://gopher.floodgap.com/7/v2/vs (search engine), gopher://circumlunar.space:70/1 (circumlunar space), gopher://gopherpedia.com ([Wikipedia](wikipedia.md) on gopher), gopher://gopher.icu/7/quarry (search engine), ...
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## How To
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