Update

internet.md

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ As of 2024 the Internet is dead, like whole society, killed by [capitalism](capi
 
 { Some sites with Internet history: https://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/, https://www.freesoft.org/CIE/Topics/57.htm. ~drummyfish }
 
-It goes without saying that even though in retrospect it looks like the Internet just came to be one day, it wasn't indeed so -- we have to remember large communication networks existed for a long time and were often used in ways very similar to the Internet, even for silly things like playing [games](game.md) (e.g. [chess](chess.md) used to be played over snail mail and even telegraph). Before electronic networks there were networks such as paper mail and optical telegraphs. With electricity a great number of new, much improved networks appeared, such as the electrical [telegraph](telegraph.md) (~1840), phone and [fax](fax.md) networks (~1880), radio broadcasts (circa first half of 20th century) and [TV](tv.md) broadcasts (~1930). Some of the later networks were very similar to the World Wide Web from user perspective, and they were quite advanced and widely used at the time when Internet was just in its infancy -- for example [teletext](teletext.md) (~1970) allowed people to browse graphical pages on their TVs, [BBS](bbs.md) and [Usenet](usenet.md) networks were already [digital](digital.md) computer networks (accessed through dialup [modems](modem.md)) allowed people to chat, discuss on forums, roleplay, play games and share files, [Minitel](minitel.md) was the most successful Internet like network that worked in France in the 1980s etc. Perhaps not to much surprise visions of Internet as we know it appeared beforehand for example in [sci-fi](sci_fi.md), one particularly famous such work is the 1956 book called *A Logic Named Joe*.
+It goes without saying that even though in retrospect it looks like the Internet just came to be one day, it wasn't indeed so -- we have to remember large communication networks existed for a long time and were often used in ways very similar to the Internet, even for silly things like playing [games](game.md) (e.g. [chess](chess.md) used to be played over snail mail and even telegraph). Before electronic networks there were networks such as paper mail and optical telegraphs. Electricity opened the door to numerous new, much improved networks, such as the electrical [telegraph](telegraph.md) (~1840), phone and [fax](fax.md) networks (~1880) that even allowed sending images (since early 1900s thanks to Belinographe, used mainly by newspapers), [radio](radio.md) broadcasts (circa first half of 20th century) and [TV](tv.md) broadcasts (~1930). Some of the later networks were very similar to the World Wide Web from user perspective, and they were quite advanced and widely used at the time when Internet was just in its infancy -- for example [teletext](teletext.md) (~1970) allowed people to browse graphical pages on their TVs, [BBS](bbs.md) and [Usenet](usenet.md) networks were already [digital](digital.md) computer networks (accessed through dialup [modems](modem.md)) allowed people to chat, discuss on forums, roleplay, play games and share files, [Minitel](minitel.md) was the most successful Internet like network that worked in France in the 1980s etc. Perhaps not to much surprise visions of Internet as we know it appeared beforehand for example in [sci-fi](sci_fi.md), one particularly famous such work is the 1956 book called *A Logic Named Joe*.
 
 The Internet itself evolved from **[ARPANET](arpanet.md)**, a network designed by [US](usa.md) department of defense; ARPANET started to be developed in 1969 (with first plans appearing in 1966), fueled by Cold War rivalry with the Soviet Union. Of course, this network wasn't intended to become what the Internet is today, no one could probably have foreseen the future, it was just another [military](military.md) project -- as such, ARPANET was designed to be **[decentralized](decentralization.md)** so as to be robust, i.e. there was no central node of the network which would be an easy target for enemies in a war. ARPANET was revolutionary by utilizing so called **[packet switching](packet_switching.md)** (idea published in a paper in 1961), i.e. any data sent over the network were split into small data [packets](packet.md) that would travel through the network independently, each one possibly by different path, and would be reassembled into the whole once they all arrived at the destination (again, this helped keep the network robust -- if one path was destroyed, packets would just find another path). This is in contrast to traditional [circuit switching](circuit_switching.md) used until then e.g. in telephone networks (circuit switching basically just means that direct connections are established between nodes that want to communicate at given time).