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@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ In 2004 Lessig published his **book** called Free Culture that summarized the to
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In the book Lessig gives an overview of the history of copyright -- it has been around since about the time of invention of [printing press](printing_press.md) to give some publishers exclusive rights (an artificial [monopoly](monopoly.md)) for printing and publishing certain books. The laws evolved but at first were not so restrictive, they only applied to very specific uses (printing) and for limited time, plus the copyright had to be registered. Over time corporations pressured to make it more and more restrictive -- nowadays copyright applies to basically everything and lasts for 70 years AFTER the death of the author (!!!). This is combined with the fact that in the age of computers any use of information requires making a copy (to read something you need to download it), i.e. copyright basically applies to ANY use now. I.e. both scope and term of copyright have been extended to the extreme, and this was done even AGAINST the US constitution -- Lessig himself tried to fight against it in court but lost. This form of copyright now restricts culture and basically only serves corporations who want to e.g. **kill the [public domain](public_domain.md)** (works that run out of copyright and are now "free for everyone") by repeatedly prolonging the copyright term so that people don't have any pool of free works that would compete (and often win simply by being gratis) with the corporate created "content". In the books Lessig also mentions many hard punishments for breaking copyright laws and a lot of other examples of corruption of the system. He then goes on to propose solutions, mainly his Creative Commons licenses.
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Free culture has become a relative success, the free Creative Commons licenses are now widely used -- e.g. **[Wikipedia](wikipedia.md) is part of free** culture under the [CC-BY-SA](cc_by_sa.md) license and its sister project [Wikimedia Commons](wm_commons.md) hosts over 80 million free cultural works! There are famous promoters of free culture such as [Nina Paley](nina_paley.md), webcomics, books, songs etc. In development of libre [games](game.md) free cultural licenses are used (alongside free software licenses) to liberate the game assets -- e.g. the [Freedoom](freedoom.md) project creates free culture content replacement for the game [Doom](doom.md). There are whole communities such as [opengameart](oga.md) or Blendswap for sharing free art, even sites with completely public domain stock photos, vector images, music and many other things. Many scientists release their data to public domain under [CC0](cc0.md). And of course, [LRS](lrs.md) highly advocated free culture, specifically [public domain](public_domain.md) under [CC0](cc0.md).
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Free culture has become a relative success, the free Creative Commons licenses are now widely used -- **[Wikipedia](wikipedia.md) is one of the most famous examples of free culture** as it is licensed under the [CC-BY-SA](cc_by_sa.md) and its sister project [Wikimedia Commons](wm_commons.md) hosts over 80 million free cultural works! [Openstreetmap](osm.md) is a free-cultural collaborative project offering maps of the whole world, [libregamewiki](lgw.md) and [opengameart](oga.md) are sites focused on creation of free-cultural video games and game assets and there are many more. There are famous promoters of free culture such as [Nina Paley](nina_paley.md), there exist webcomics, books, songs etc. In development of libre [games](game.md) free cultural licenses are used (alongside free software licenses) to liberate the game assets -- e.g. the [Freedoom](freedoom.md) project creates free culture content replacement for the game [Doom](doom.md). Many scientists release their data to public domain under [CC0](cc0.md). And of course, [LRS](lrs.md) highly advocated free culture, specifically [public domain](public_domain.md) under [CC0](cc0.md).
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**BEWARE of fake free culture**: there are many resources that look like or even call themselves "free culture" despite not adhering to its rules. This may be by intention or not, some people just don't know too much about the topic -- a common mistake is to think that all Creative Commons licenses are free culture -- again, this is NOT the case (the NC and ND ones are not). Some think that "free" just means "gratis" -- this is not the case (free means freedom, i.e. respecting the above mentioned criteria of free cultural works). Many people don't know the rules of copyright and think that they can e.g. create a remix of some non-free pop song and license it under CC-BY-SA -- they CANNOT, they are making a derivative work of a non-free work and so cannot license it. Some people use licenses without knowing what they mean, e.g. many use CC0 and then ask for their work to not be used commercially -- this can't be done, CC0 specifically allows any commercial use. Some try to make their own "licenses" by e.g. stating "do whatever you want with my work" instead of using a proper waiver like CC0 -- this is with high probability legally unsafe and invalid, it is unfortunately not so easy to waive one's copyright -- DO use the existing licenses. Educate yourself and if you're unsure, ask away in the community, people are glad to give advice.
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