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# Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area of [computer science](compsci.md) whose effort lies in making [computers](computer.md) simulate thinking of humans and possibly other biologically [living beings](life.md). This may include making computers play [games](game.md) such as [chess](chess.md), compose [music](music.md), paint pictures, understand and processing audio, images and [text](text.md) on high level of [abstraction](abstraction.md) and understanding (e.g. translation between [natural languages](human_language.md)), making predictions about complex systems such as stock market or weather or even exhibit a general human-like behavior such as simulated emotion. Even though today's focus in AI is on [machine learning](machine_learning.md) and especially [neural networks](neural_network.md), there are many other usable approaches and models such as "hand crafted" state tree searching algorithms that can simulate and even outperform the behavior of humans in certain specialized areas.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area of [computer science](compsci.md) whose effort lies in making [computers](computer.md) simulate thinking of humans and possibly other biologically [living beings](life.md). This may include making computers play [games](game.md) such as [chess](chess.md), compose [music](music.md), paint pictures, understand and processing [audio](audio.md), images and [text](text.md) on high level of [abstraction](abstraction.md) and understanding (e.g. translation between [natural languages](human_language.md)), making predictions about complex systems such as stock market or weather or even exhibit a general human-like behavior such as simulated emotion. Even though today's focus in AI is on [machine learning](machine_learning.md) and especially [neural networks](neural_network.md), there are many other usable approaches and models such as "hand crafted" state tree searching algorithms that can simulate and even outperform the behavior of humans in certain specialized areas.
There's a concern that's still a matter of discussion about the dangers of developing a powerful AI, as that could possibly lead to a [technological singularity](tech_singularity.md) in which a super intelligent AI might take control over the whole world without humans being able to seize the control back. Even though it's still likely a far future and many people say the danger is not real, the question seems to be about *when* rather than *if*.
By about 2020, "AI" has become a [capitalist](capitalism.md) [buzzword](buzzword.md). They try to put machine learning into everything just for that AI label -- and of course, for a [bloat monopoly](bloat_monopoly.md).
By 2023 neural network AI has become extremely advanced in processing visual, textual and audio information and is rapidly marching on. Networks such as [stable diffusion](stable_diffusion.md) are now able to generate images (or modify existing ones) with results mostly indistinguishable from real photos just from a short plain language textual description. Text to video AI is emerging and already giving nice results. AI is able to write computer programs from plain language text description. Chatbots, especially the proprietary [chatGPT](chatgpt.md), are scarily human-like and can already carry on conversation mostly indistinguishable from real human conversation while showing extraordinary knowledge and intelligence -- the chatbot can for example correctly reason about advanced mathematical concepts on a level much higher above average human. AI has become [mainstream](mainstream.md) and is everywhere, normies are downloading "AI apps" on their phones that do funny stuff with their images while spying on them. In games such as [chess](chess.md) or even strategy video [games](game.md) neural AI has already been for years far surpassing the best of humans by miles.
By 2023 neural network AI has become extremely advanced in processing visual, textual and audio information and is rapidly marching on. Networks such as [stable diffusion](stable_diffusion.md) are now able to generate images (or modify existing ones) with results oftentimes indistinguishable from real photos just from a short plain language textual description. Text to video AI is emerging and already giving nice results. AI is able to write computer programs from plain language text description. Chatbots, especially the proprietary [chatGPT](chatgpt.md), are scarily human-like and can already carry on conversation mostly indistinguishable from real human conversation while showing extraordinary knowledge and intelligence -- the chatbot can for example correctly reason about advanced mathematical concepts on a level much higher above average human. This new "AI" has become [mainstream](mainstream.md) and is everywhere, normies are downloading "AI [apps](app.md)" on their phones that do funny stuff with their images while spying on them. In games such as [chess](chess.md) or even strategy video [games](game.md) neural AI has already been for years far surpassing the best of humans by miles.
For normies let's briefly tackle some of the most pressing questions such as: **What is this "modern" AI really about? Is it actually intelligent? Are AI chatbots superhuman in their reasoning?** Well, the "modern" AI is really based on mechanisms found in human brain and is relatively closely simulating them, although in very, very simplified ways (e.g. using simplified structures of neural networks and using a lot of preprocessing), with everything scaled down (in terms of neuron count) and limiting to very specific areas (e.g. only simulating part of what's found in our visual system), so we could say the machine is intelligent in the same way as us but not nearly to the same degree -- imagine the AI as someone who has something closer to a rat brain and who has never lived human life, never knew our pain or pleasure, need of sleep or eating, our kind of emotion or desires, who has for whole life focused on one extremely specialized task, such as recognizing faces in pictures or predicting weather from meteorological data (all of which really reduce to recognizing patterns in numerical sequences), over and over without taking any break. Questions about [consciousness](consciousness.md), self awareness etc. are better left to philosophers now -- it is possible this kind of AI has consciousness and even its own tiny kinds of desires and emotions (we may imagine it really really wanting to see certain patterns of numbers for example), but it would be more similar to that of a bug or plant, its world is completely different than ours. It may seem that [LLM](llm.md)s (the "AI chatbots" such as ChatGPT) speak like humans and so it's natural to assume there is internally some human thought existing, but even here the internal mechanisms of the AI are extremely simplified compared to humans (and they inevitably have to be e.g. due to incomparably lower number of neurons): all the LLM does is PREDICTING which word will come up next in a textual human communication based on having seen millions and millions of such conversations. I.e. if the AI sees an incomplete sentence that reads "Thank you very", it will predict that the word "much" will follow, and doing this repeatedly allows it to generate long texts, but it is not doing anything else. This means that opinions, personality and "facts" the AI knows reflect what it has seen in the data set -- if you train the AI on conversations happening on [reddit](reddit.md), it will talk like a redditor, it will make the same reasoning mistakes, assume the same incorrect facts etc. Furthermore there is a lot of [cheating](cheating.md) going on, just like computer [3D graphics](3d_rendering.md) has to resort to cheating and tricks because it couldn't simulate the infinite complexity of the real world -- for example language models typically don't see actual letters of the text, they operate on word tokens, so they normally cannot solve simple problems that require looking at the letters such as typing given word backwards. So we mustn't think such AI somehow gives definitive or highly superior answers to our questions, it only predicts (and sometimes very poorly) what answer a human would give. And we can say the same about different types of neural AIs -- for instance a program synthesizing images does really the same thing, just with pixels instead of words, and so we cannot think an image of a dinosaur drawn by this AI is somehow more biologically accurate, it will only mimic how humans draw dinosaurs. One way to think of these AIs is this: imagine you tell a human to spend whole life perfecting something extremely specialized without focusing on anything else -- this is what the AI will do, the only advantage being it can learn this in hours or day instead of 70 years, and it's a machine that doesn't need rest, salary and other things, so it's now very cheap and easy to create such specialized monkeys. To sum up: we are still far away from simulating something truly close to a fully functioning human brain, but we can now cheaply create programs that very effectively do very specialized tasks which previously only humans could do, most notably [art](art.md), manipulating languages, pictures and other things relying on intuition and "feel" rather than precise equations.
## Details