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# Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area of [computer science](compsci.md) whose effort lies in making [computers](computer.md) simulate thinking of humans and possibly other biologically [living beings](life.md). This may include making computers play [games](game.md) such as [chess](chess.md), compose [music](music.md), paint pictures, understand and processing audio, images and text on high level of [abstraction](abstraction.md) and understanding (e.g. translation between natural languages), making predictions about complex systems such as stock market or weather or even exhibit a general human-like behavior. Even though today's focus in AI is on [machine learning](machine_learning.md) and especially [neural networks](neural_network.md), there are many other usable approaches and models such as "hand crafted" state tree searching algorithms that can simulate and even outperform the behavior of humans in certain specialized areas.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area of [computer science](compsci.md) whose effort lies in making [computers](computer.md) simulate thinking of humans and possibly other biologically [living beings](life.md). This may include making computers play [games](game.md) such as [chess](chess.md), compose [music](music.md), paint pictures, understand and processing audio, images and [text](text.md) on high level of [abstraction](abstraction.md) and understanding (e.g. translation between [natural languages](human_language.md)), making predictions about complex systems such as stock market or weather or even exhibit a general human-like behavior such as simulated emotion. Even though today's focus in AI is on [machine learning](machine_learning.md) and especially [neural networks](neural_network.md), there are many other usable approaches and models such as "hand crafted" state tree searching algorithms that can simulate and even outperform the behavior of humans in certain specialized areas.
There's a concern that's still a matter of discussion about the dangers of developing a powerful AI, as that could possibly lead to a [technological singularity](tech_singularity.md) in which a super intelligent AI might take control over the whole world without humans being able to seize the control back. Even though it's still likely a far future and many people say the danger is not real, the question seems to be about *when* rather than *if*.
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## Details
As programmers let's first answer ourselves this: what really is AI to us? A programmer/mathematician typically simplifies AI to mean only this much: **making decisions**. I.e. let's forget human brain, emotion, psychology and all this kind of stuff for a second and focus only on one thing: decision making, and how to program computers so that they make an intelligent decision from input data. Every single "AI" system never does anything more than just take a look at current situation (state, context, data, ..., just a bunch of numbers) and from all possible actions that may be taken from here it tries to pick the best one (i.e. output another number). Whether it's making the best move in [chess](chess.md), deciding which animal is captured in a photo, choosing how to translate a word from English to Spanish or choosing what pixel to draw on the screen so that the result will resemble human art, the problem is always reduced to only deriving a number from some other numbers.
As programmers let's first answer ourselves this: what really is AI to us? A programmer/mathematician typically simplifies AI to signify only this much: **computer making decisions**. I.e. let's forget human brain, emotion, psychology and all this kind of stuff for a second and focus only on one thing: decision making, and how to program computers so that they make an intelligent decision from input data. Every single "AI" system never does anything more than just take a look at current situation (state, context, data, ..., just a bunch of numbers) and from all possible actions that may be taken from here it tries to pick the best one (i.e. output another number). Whether it's making the best move in [chess](chess.md), deciding which animal is captured in a photo, choosing how to translate a word from English to Spanish or choosing what pixel to draw on the screen so that the result will resemble human art, the problem is always reduced to only deriving a number from some other numbers.
AI to us is therefore nothing more than a mathematical [function](function.md) of state, outputting action (leading to another state). Also we will require this function to be pure, true and [deterministic](determinism.md) mathematical function, i.e. without any [randomness](randomness.md), hidden state etc., i.e. the function will always return the same result for the same input, the input depends SOLELY on the state we give it. In an extreme case every AI that works with finite memory could then literally be just a [table](lut.md) defining best action for any state -- but of course, such tables would be big and hard to make manually, so we typically try to create [algorithms](algorithm.md) that do the job of such table without taking so much space.