Update

exercises.md

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ Here are some questions to test your LRS related knowledge :D
 17. Name at least five licenses commonly used for [FOSS](foss.md) programs, five text editors/IDEs commonly used for programming and five operating systems whose source code is mostly free-licensed (none of these is allowed to be using the same or forked kernel of any other).
 18. What is the minimum number of [bits](bit.md) that will allow us to represent 12345678910111213 distinct values?
 19. Give at least one example of [analog](analog.md) electronic device and one of [digital](digital.md) mechanical device.
-20. Is physical violence every justified?
+20. Is physical violence ever justified?
 21. Find a normalized (having length 1) [normal](normal.md) ([vector](vector.md) that's perpendicular to surface) of the [triangle](triangle.md) defined by vertices *A = {1,2,3}*, *B = {5,5,1}* and *C = {1,5,2}*. (Orientation doesn't matter.)
 22. Why will (in a typical programming language such as C) an infinite [recursion](recursion.md) crash the program but infinite loop generally won't?
 23. Answer yes/no to following: Is base-three number 2101 greater than base-seven number 206? Is using [gemini](gemini.md) a good idea when [gopher](gopher.md) exists? Is there any [triangle](triangle.md) (in Euclidean geometry) whose one side is longer than the sum of lengths of its other two sides?
@@ -132,8 +132,10 @@ Here are some questions to test your LRS related knowledge :D
 31. Does the statement "10 does not equal 10" logically [imply](implication.md) that intelligent alien life exists?
 32. What is the principle of [asymmetric cryptography](asymmetric_cryptography.md) and why is it called *asymmetric*?
 33. What is the main reason for [Earth](earth.md) having seasons (summer, winter, ...)?
-34. WARNING: VERY HARD. There are two integers, both greater than 1 and smaller than 100. *P* knows their product, *S* knows their sum. They have this conversation: *P* says: I don't know the numbers. *S* says: I know you don't, I don't know them either. *P* says: now I know them. *S* says: now I know them too. What are the numbers? To solve this you are allowed to use a programming language, pen and paper etc. { Holy shit this took me like a whole day. ~drummyfish }
-35. Did you enjoy this quiz?
+34. Name at least three [x86](x86.md) [assembly](assembly.md) instructions and shortly explain what they do.
+35. WARNING: VERY HARD. There are two integers, both greater than 1 and smaller than 100. *P* knows their product, *S* knows their sum. They have this conversation: *P* says: I don't know the numbers. *S* says: I know you don't, I don't know them either. *P* says: now I know them. *S* says: now I know them too. What are the numbers? To solve this you are allowed to use a programming language, pen and paper etc. { Holy shit this took me like a whole day. ~drummyfish }
+36. Compare advantages and disadvantages of [hash](hash.md) tables vs binary [trees](tree.md) for storing text strings, especially in regards to searching the string database.
+37. Did you enjoy this quiz?
 
 ### Answers
 
@@ -170,8 +172,10 @@ Here are some questions to test your LRS related knowledge :D
 31. Yes, a false statement implies anything.
 32. The main difference against symmetric cryptography is we have two keys instead of one, one (private) for encrypting and one (public) for decrypting -- neither key can be used for the other task. Therefore encryption and decryption processes differ greatly (while in symmetric cryptography it's essentially the same, using the same key, just in reversed way), the problem looks different in one direction that the other, hence it is called *asymmetric*.
 33. It's not the distance from the Sun (the distance doesn't change that much and it also wouldn't explain why opposite hemispheres have opposite seasons) but the tilted Earth axis -- the tilt changes the maximum height to which the Sun rises above any specific spot and so the angle under which it shines on the that spot; the [cosine](cos.md) of this angle says how much energy the place gets from the Sun (similarly to how we use cosine to determine how much light is reflected off of a surface in [shaders](shader.md)).
-34. 4 and 13, solution: make a table, columns are first integer, rows are second (remember, both *P* and *S* can be making their own table like this too). Cross out whole bottom triangle (symmetric values). *P* doesn't know the numbers, so cross out all combinations of two primes (he would know such numbers as they have only a unique product). *S* knew *P* didn't know the numbers, so the sum also mustn't be a sum of two primes (if the sum could be written as a prime plus prime, *S* couldn't have known that *P* didn't know the numbers, the numbers may have been those two primes and *P* would have known them). This means you can cross out all such numbers -- these are all bottom-left-to-top-right diagonals that go through at least one already crossed out number (combination of primes), as these diagonal have constant sum. Now *P* has a table like this with relatively few numbers left -- if he now leaves in only the numbers that make the product he knows, he'll very likely be left with only one combination of numbers -- there are still many combinations like this, but only the situation when the numbers are set to be 4 and 13 allows *S* to also deduce the numbers after *P* declares he knows the numbers -- this is because *S* knows the combination lies on one specific constant-sum diagonal and 4-13 lie on the only diagonal that in this situation has a unique product within the reduced table. So with some other combinations *P* could deduce the numbers too, but only with 4-13 *S* can finally say he knows them too.
-35. yes
+34. For example: MOV (moves values between memory locations or registers), JNE (jump if not equal, jumps to another instruction if comparison resulted in non-equality), ADD (adds values in memory or registers), CMP (compares two values and sets the flags register), RET (returns from procedure, pops return address and jumps there) etc.
+35. 4 and 13, solution: make a table, columns are first integer, rows are second (remember, both *P* and *S* can be making their own table like this too). Cross out whole bottom triangle (symmetric values). *P* doesn't know the numbers, so cross out all combinations of two primes (he would know such numbers as they have only a unique product). *S* knew *P* didn't know the numbers, so the sum also mustn't be a sum of two primes (if the sum could be written as a prime plus prime, *S* couldn't have known that *P* didn't know the numbers, the numbers may have been those two primes and *P* would have known them). This means you can cross out all such numbers -- these are all bottom-left-to-top-right diagonals that go through at least one already crossed out number (combination of primes), as these diagonal have constant sum. Now *P* has a table like this with relatively few numbers left -- if he now leaves in only the numbers that make the product he knows, he'll very likely be left with only one combination of numbers -- there are still many combinations like this, but only the situation when the numbers are set to be 4 and 13 allows *S* to also deduce the numbers after *P* declares he knows the numbers -- this is because *S* knows the combination lies on one specific constant-sum diagonal and 4-13 lie on the only diagonal that in this situation has a unique product within the reduced table. So with some other combinations *P* could deduce the numbers too, but only with 4-13 *S* can finally say he knows them too.
+36. Hash table will only allow efficient searching of exact matches while binary tree will also allow efficient searching e.g. for all strings starting with some prefix. On the other hand hash table may be faster, in ideal case searching for the match in constant time, but this will depend on the quality of implementation (hash function, number of hash bits, ...), in worst case hash table can degenerate to a mere list. Binary trees will generally be a bit slower, with logarithmic time, but here we'll also have to ensure good implementation, especially balancing the tree -- badly implemented tree may also degenerate to a list.
+37. yes
 
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