21st century, known as the Age Of [Shit](shit.md) or Dark Ages, is already one of the worst centuries in history, despite only being around for a short time. How unlucky it is to have been born in such a shitty time. Abominations walk in the streets. In this century there exists no more [good](good.md), there is just [evil](right.md) opposed by [another evil](pseudoleft.md) and people no longer even know what good means, they only support one of the two evils, thinking it's the good; there are rare few who support some kind of third evil that's not one of the two major evils, but all in all there is nothing but evil.
21st century, known as the Age Of [Shit](shit.md) or Dark Ages, is already one of the worst centuries in history, despite only being around for a short time. Hell on [Earth](earth.md), violence, pure stupidity, destruction, hatred and greed, [fascism](fascism.md), misery, torture and suffering -- these are just some words describing this time in [history](history.md). How unlucky it is to have been born in such a shitty time. Abominations walk in the streets. In this century there exists no more [good](good.md), there is just [evil](right.md) opposed by [another evil](pseudoleft.md) and people no longer even know what good means, they only support one of the two evils, thinking it's the good; there are rare few who support some kind of third evil that's not one of the two major evils, but all in all there is nothing but evil.
4chan (https://4chan.org/, also 4cuck) is the most famous [image board](image_board.md), a website causing controversies by its low [censorship](censorship.md) and a place of great [fun](fun.md), [trolling](troll.md), toxicity and [memes](meme.md). As most image boards, 4chan has a nice, oldschool minimalist look, even though it contains shitty [captchas](captcha.md) for posting and the site's code is [proprietary](proprietary.md). The site tolerates a great amount of [free speech](free_speech.md) up to the point of being regularly labeled "right-wing extremist site", though it actually censors a lot of stuff and bans for stupid reasons such as harmless [pedo](pedophilia.md) [jokes](jokes.md) are very common (speaking from experience) -- 4chan global rules for example PROHIBIT CRITICISING 4chan (LMAO, rule no. 8), doxxing and call for raids. Being a "rightist paradise" it is commonly seen as a rival to [reddit](reddit.md), aka the [pseudoleftist](pseudoleft.md) paradise -- both forums hate each other to death. The discussion style is pretty nice, there are many nice stories and memes (e.g. the famous [greentexts](greentext.md)) coming from 4chan but it can also be a hugely depressing place just due to the shear number of retards with incorrect opinions.
4chan (https://4chan.org/, also 4cuck) is the most famous [image board](image_board.md), a website causing controversies by its low [censorship](censorship.md) and a place of great [fun](fun.md), [trolling](troll.md), [toxicity](toxic.md) and [memes](meme.md). As most image boards, 4chan has a nice, oldschool minimalist look, even though it contains shitty [captchas](captcha.md) for posting and the site's code is [proprietary](proprietary.md). The site tolerates a great amount of [free speech](free_speech.md) up to the point of being regularly labeled "right-wing extremist site", though it actually censors a lot of stuff and bans for stupid reasons such as harmless [pedo](pedophilia.md) [jokes](jokes.md) are very common (speaking from experience) -- 4chan global rules for example PROHIBIT CRITICISING 4chan (LMAO, rule no. 8), doxxing and call for raids. Being a "rightist paradise" it is commonly seen as a rival to [reddit](reddit.md), aka the [pseudoleftist](pseudoleft.md) paradise -- both forums hate each other to death. The discussion style is pretty nice, there are many nice stories and memes (e.g. the famous [greentexts](greentext.md)) coming from 4chan but it can also be a hugely depressing place just due to the shear number of retards with incorrect opinions.
Just as reddit consists of subcommunities known as subreddits, 4chan consists of different boards (just as other image boards), each with given discussion topic and rules. The most (in)famous boards are likely *politically incorrect* AKA /pol/, where most of the american school shooters hang around, and *random* AKA /b/, the most active board, which is just a shitton of [meme](meme.md) shitposting, [porn](porn.md), [toxicity](toxic.md), [fun](fun.md), [trolling](troll.md) and retardedness.
In the world of intellectual works (such as programs, texts, images etc.) attribution means visibly and properly acknowledging the work of collaborators, i.e. usually mentioning the names or pseudonyms of others that somehow took part in creation of the work. Sometimes we distinguish between merely giving *credit*, i.e. just recording collaborators somewhere, even in a less visible place such as some documentation file, and *proper attribution* which may have further conditions, e.g. mentioning the authors in a visible place (e.g. game's main menu) along with a link to their website and so on. Attribution is something that's often a condition of a [license](license.md), i.e. for example the [Creative Commons Attribution](cc_by.md) (CC BY) license grants everyone rights to the work as long as the original author is properly attributed. However we at [LRS](lrs.md) see such license requirements as [harmful](harmful.md); **forcing attribution by [license](license.md) is a very bad idea!** Never do it. Please consider the following:
In the world of intellectual works (such as programs, texts, images etc.) attribution means visibly and properly acknowledging the work of collaborators, i.e. usually mentioning the names or pseudonyms of others that somehow took part in creation of the work. Sometimes we distinguish between merely giving *credit*, i.e. just recording collaborators somewhere, even in a less visible place such as some documentation file, and *proper attribution* which may have further conditions, e.g. mentioning the authors in a visible place (e.g. game's main menu) along with a link to their website and so on. Attribution is something that's often a condition of a [license](license.md), i.e. for example the [Creative Commons Attribution](cc_by.md) (CC BY) license grants everyone rights to the work as long as the original author is properly attributed. However we at [LRS](lrs.md) see such license requirements as [harmful](harmful.md); **forcing attribution with a [license](license.md) is a very bad idea!** Never do it. Please consider the following:
- Forcing attribution may cause practical problems and make your work unusable. While it's no issue to give proper attribution to one guy who made music for your game, consider also a different scenario: e.g. in development of [LMMS](lmms.), a [FOSS](foss.md) music making program, the authors had to collect hundreds of short sound samples for their virtual instruments -- here they couldn't use CC BY-SA samples because doing so would require anyone who made music with their program to also carry on proper attribution of all the author of every single sample that was used in the music, which is practically almost impossible.
- Forcing attribution can make you be force singed under things you don't want to be signed under. Consider you make a comics for children and license it CC BY-SA, i.e. require attribution. By free culture principles someone can take the characters from your story and make porn or terrorist supporting videos with them and even if those guys knew you wouldn't want to be signed under this (because you e.g. made it clear on your blog that you hate porn and terrorism) and even if they would be willing to not name you, your license will force them to write your name PROPERLY, i.e. visibly, under the thing they make.
Bullshit (BS) is nonsense, arbitrary unnecessary [shit](shit.md) and/or something made up. Typical example are e.g. so called *bullshit [jobs](works.md)* -- jobs that are arbitrarily created just to keep people employed and don't actually serve anything.
Bullshit (BS) is nonsense, arbitrary unnecessary [shit](shit.md) and/or something made up only out of necessity. Typical example are e.g. so called *bullshit [jobs](work.md)* -- jobs that are arbitrarily created just to keep people employed and don't actually serve anything else.
**Simplified example of capitalist bullshit**: under [capitalism](capitalism.md) basically the whole society is based on bullshit of many kinds, small and big, creating many bullshit clusters that are all intertwined and interact in complex ways, creating one huge bullshit. For simplicity let's consider an educational isolated bullshit cluster (that we won't see that often in reality), a hypothetical [car](car.md) factory. No matter how the factory came to be, it now ended up making cars for people so that these people can drive to work at the car factory to make more cars for other people who will work to the car factory to make cars etc. -- a bullshit cycle that exists just for its own sake, just wastes natural resources and lives of people. Of course at one point all the factory employees will own a car and the factory will have no more demand for the cars, which threatens its existence. Here capitalism employs adding more bullshit: let's say they create new bullshit jobs they call something like "[smart](smart.md) car research center" -- this will create new work position, i.e. more people who will need cars to drive to work, but MAINLY the job of these people will be adding [artificial obsolescence](artificial_obsolescence.md) to the cars, which will make them last much shorter time and regularly break so that they will need repairs using parts manufactured at the factory, creating more work that will need to be done and more bullshit jobs in the car repair department. Furthermore the team will make the cars completely dependent on [subscription](subscription.md) software, employing [consumerism](consumerism.md), i.e. the car will no longer be a "buy once" thing but rather something one has to keep feeding constantly (fuel, software subscription, insurance, repairs, cleaning, tire changes, and of course once in a few years just buying a new non-obsolete model), so that workers will still need to drive to work every day, perpetuating their need for being preoccupied with owning and [maintaining](maintenance.md) a car. This is a bullshit cluster society could just get rid of without any cost, on the contrary it would gain many free people who could do actually useful things like curing diseases, eliminating world hunger, creating art for others to enjoy. However if you tell a capitalist any part of this system is bullshit, he will defend it by its necessity in the system as a whole ("How will people get to work without cars?!", "Factories are needed for the economy!", "Economy is needed to drive manufacturing of cars!") -- in reality the bullshit clusterfuck spans the whole world to incredibly deep levels so you just can't make many people see it, especially when they're preoccupied with maintaining their own existence and just get by within it.
{ My email is currently: drummyfish AT disroot DOT org. ~drummyfish }
Drummyfish (also known as *tastyfish*, *drummy*, *drumy*, *smellyfish* and *i forcefeed my diarrhea to capitalism*) is a [programmer](programming.md), [anarchopacifist](anpac.md), wannabe [generalist](generalism.md) and proponent of [free software/culture](free_software.md), who started [this wiki](lrs_wiki.md) and invented the kind of software it focuses on: [less retarded software](lrs.md) (LRS). Besides others he has written [Anarch](anarch.md), [small3dlib](small3dlib.md), [raycastlib](raycastlib.md), [smallchesslib](smallchesslib.md), [tinyphysicsengine](tinyphysicsengine.md), [SAF](saf.md) and [comun](comun.md). He has also been creating [free culture](free_culture.md) [art](art.md) and otherwise contributing to free projects such as [OpenMW](openm.md); he's been contributing with [public domain](pd.md) art of all kind (2D, 3D, music, ...) and writings to [Wikipedia](wikipedia.md) (no longer cause ban), [Wikimedia Commons](wm_commons.md) (also banned now), [opengameart](oga.md), [libregamewiki](lgw.md), freesound and others. Drummyfish is insane/neuroretarded, suffering from anxiety/[depression](depression.md)/etcetc. (diagnosed [avoidant personality disorder](avpd.md)) and has more than once been called a [schizo](schizo.md), though psychiatrists didn't officially diagnose him with schizophrenia (yet). He sometimes [self harms](self_harm.md), both physically and socially. All in all, psychiatrists say he is insane but in reality he is the only sane man in the world, and that is what he suffers from. Due to spreading uncensored truth, helping and loving others and revealing corruption he is banned and censored on many places on the Internet, including [Wikipedia](wikipedia.md), Wikimedia Commons, [4chan](4chan.md), [GitLab](gitlab.md), many [subreddits](reddit.md), some [Xonotic](xonotic.md) and [Openarena](openarena.md) servers etc. He also has no [real life](irl.md) and is pretty retarded when it comes to leading projects or otherwise dealing with people or practical life. Drummyfish's political compass is off the charts, he once tried to take the political compass test, the computer got confused and exploded. He is also a [wizard](wizard.md).
Drummyfish (also known as *tastyfish*, *drummy*, *drumy*, *smellyfish* and *i forcefeed my diarrhea to capitalism*) is a [programmer](programming.md), [anarchopacifist](anpac.md), wannabe [generalist](generalism.md) and proponent of [free software/culture](free_software.md), who started [this wiki](lrs_wiki.md) and invented the kind of [software](software.md) it focuses on: [less retarded software](lrs.md) (LRS), as well as [less retarded society](less_retarded_society.md). Besides others he has written [Anarch](anarch.md), [small3dlib](small3dlib.md), [raycastlib](raycastlib.md), [smallchesslib](smallchesslib.md), [tinyphysicsengine](tinyphysicsengine.md), [SAF](saf.md) and [comun](comun.md). He has also been creating [free culture](free_culture.md) [art](art.md) and otherwise contributing to free projects such as [OpenMW](openm.md); he's been contributing with [public domain](pd.md) art of all kind (2D, 3D, music, ...) and writings to [Wikipedia](wikipedia.md) (no longer cause ban), [Wikimedia Commons](wm_commons.md) (also banned now), [opengameart](oga.md), [libregamewiki](lgw.md), freesound and others. Drummyfish is insane/neuroretarded, suffering from anxiety/[depression](depression.md)/etcetc. (diagnosed [avoidant personality disorder](avpd.md)) and has more than once been called a [schizo](schizo.md), though psychiatrists didn't officially diagnose him with schizophrenia (yet). He sometimes [self harms](self_harm.md), both physically and socially. All in all, psychiatrists say he is insane but in reality he is the only sane man in the world, and that is what he suffers from. Due to spreading uncensored truth, helping and loving others and revealing corruption he is banned and censored on many places on the Internet, including [Wikipedia](wikipedia.md), Wikimedia Commons, [4chan](4chan.md), [GitLab](gitlab.md), many [subreddits](reddit.md), some [Xonotic](xonotic.md) and [Openarena](openarena.md) servers etc. He also has no [real life](irl.md) and is pretty retarded when it comes to leading projects or otherwise dealing with people or practical life. Drummyfish's political compass is off the charts, he once tried to take the political compass test, the computer got confused and exploded. He is also a [wizard](wizard.md).
**Drummyfish is the most physically disgusting bastard on [Earth](earth.md)**, no [woman](woman.md) ever loved him, he is so ugly people get suicidal thoughts from seeing any part of him.
@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ Bear in mind the main purpose of this quiz is for you to test your understanding
45. We know [HTTPS](https.md) is shit because it's [encrypted](encryption.md) and requires [certificates](certificate.md). Explain what these certificates are, why HTTPS needs them, how their absence could be "abused" and who issues them.
46. We have two barrels, one with water, one with wine, each having the same amount of liquid. We take a cup, fill it with water from the water barrel, pour it over to the wine barrel, mix it up, and then we fill the same cup with this mixture of water and wine from this barrel and pour it back to the water barrel. Both barrels now have the same amount of liquid again, but the liquids are mixed. What percentage of water is in the water barrel and what percentage of wine is in the wine barrel? Find a general formula for a cup of any size.
47. In context of programming languages explain the difference between *[lvalue](lvalue.md)* and *[rvalue](rvalue.md)* -- Where do they appear? What are they? How do they differ and what conditions are placed on each? Also place each of the following expressions under these categories (i.e. say which are lvalues, rvalues or both; details may depend on programming language, so just comment on that): `123`, `someVariable + 123`, `someArray[20]`, `*(somePointer + 4)`, `someVariable`.
48. Which start is the closest to [Earth](earth.md)?
48. Which star is the closest to [Earth](earth.md)?
49. A symmetric [relation](relation.md) is that for it hold that if A is in relation with B, then also B is in relation with A (for example "is married to"). Antisymmetric relation is that for which it holds that if A is in relation with B and A is distinct from B, then B is NOT in relation with A (for example "is parent of"). Give an example of relation that is both symmetric and antisymmetric.
50. Is [LGBT](lgbt.md) [good](good.md)?
51. Write a [C](c.md) function in 60 characters or fewer that takes a string (`char *`, consider zero terminated ASCII string) and replaces all semicolons in it with colons (`;` -> `:`). It can return nothing (`void`).
@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ TODO: more details, history, where to measure (web vs Mensa vs SAT etc.)
It's been observed that the **IQ of a group** is roughly equal to the IQ of its least intelligent member divided by the number of group members.
**Why are rich people dumb and smart people poor?** Let's clarify this because there is a very common misconception, purposefully established by [capitalist](capitalism.md) propaganda, that rich people are smart and vice versa, while the opposite is always true. Firstly succeeding on the market is basically just lottery, it's more about luck than anything else -- no one can predict the market, it's literally about betting on the right card and then being in many right places at right times. At best if anything gives you better odds, it's having a starting capital, knowing someone in the business, living in a good location etc., but not being smart. No matter what anyone tells you, business is at best an educated bet and a businessman is at best as smart as your average slot machine addict. Now of course, just by statistics, the few people who win the lottery are likely to fall in the majority, i.e. around the average IQ. This is additionally further biased towards lower IQ because success in business is actually favored by lower IQ for a number of reasons. One of them is a stupider man is going to make just plain stupid big risks, have the capitalism-aligned short term mindset, and making stupid risks is how you more likely win the game -- it is also how you more likely lose, but no one cares about the losers, these just disappear. It's like seeing what kind of people survive running through a minefield -- you will find only retards make it because only a retard would attempt it; many of them will die but some manage to run through by sheer luck, while all the smart people just retain from even trying to run through the mine field. That's why so many of the famous rich guys always made some hilariously risky moves like selling everything they had and putting it into their business -- that's just extremely retarded, only 1 in a million will succeed like that, but of course by survivorship bias you will only hear about those who succeed like this so they look smart (plus they will pay for their own propaganda painting them as smart), but no, it's still incredibly stupid. Furthermore success in business is about lack of morality to which intelligence is an obstacle -- an intelligent man sees that investing in some business will e.g. lead to someone in the third world dying, so for a smart man doing business is literally as if he had to murder people for money, which most normal people wouldn't do, but with the extra layer of indirection stupid people can't see the harm they do to others and they happily murder people without even realizing it. Again, this is why the rich guys are incredibly stupid assholes behaving like angry aggressive chimpanzees to their employees, like for example [Steve Jobs](steve_jobs.md) or [Elon Musk](elon_musk.md), they just lack brain cells that you need for empathy. Yet another reason why smart people aren't rich is simply that they see that pursuing money is incredibly retarded, it's just satisfying low material and social needs, it's just like overeating, drug addiction or gambling, it's an arbitrarily set unhealthy goal that achieves nothing but waste one's life on counting pieces of green paper while doing bullshit and immense harm as a side effect, smart people see through this, they want something more from life, they want to spend time with their family, create something that helps others, make art and so on, so they just won't go after money and they even turn down money if they can have it (see e.g. Grigori Perelman).
**Why are rich people dumb and smart people poor?** Let's clarify this because there is a very common misconception, purposefully established by [capitalist](capitalism.md) propaganda, that rich people are smart and vice versa, while the opposite is always true. Firstly succeeding on the market is basically just lottery, it's more about luck than anything else -- no one can predict the market, it's literally about betting on the right card and then being in many right places at right times. At best if anything gives you better odds, it's having a starting capital, knowing someone in the business, living in a good location etc., but not being smart. No matter what anyone tells you, business is at best an educated bet and a businessman is at best as smart as your average slot machine addict. Now of course, just by statistics, the few people who win the lottery are likely to fall in the majority, i.e. around the average IQ. This is additionally further biased towards lower IQ because success in business is actually favored by lower IQ for a number of reasons. One of them is a stupider man is going to make just plain stupid big risks, have the capitalism-aligned short term mindset, and making stupid risks is how you more likely win the game -- it is also how you more likely lose, but no one cares about the losers, these just disappear. It's like seeing what kind of people survive running through a minefield -- you will find only retards make it because only a retard would attempt it; many of them will die but some manage to run through by sheer luck, while all the smart people just retain from even trying to run through the mine field. That's why so many of the famous rich guys always made some hilariously risky moves like selling everything they had and putting it into their business -- that's just extremely retarded, only 1 in a million will succeed like that, but of course by survivorship bias you will only hear about those who succeed like this so they look smart (plus they will pay for their own propaganda painting them as smart), but no, it's still incredibly stupid. Furthermore success in business is about lack of morality to which intelligence is an obstacle -- an intelligent man sees that investing in some business will e.g. lead to someone in the third world dying, so for a smart man doing business is literally as if he had to murder people for money, which most normal people wouldn't do, but with the extra layer of indirection stupid people can't see the harm they do to others and they happily murder people without even realizing it. Again, this is why the rich guys are incredibly stupid assholes behaving like angry aggressive chimpanzees to their employees, like for example [Steve Jobs](steve_jobs.md) or [Elon Musk](elon_musk.md), they just lack brain cells that you need for empathy. Yet another reason why smart people aren't rich is simply that they see that pursuing money is incredibly retarded, it's just satisfying low material and social needs, it's just like overeating, drug addiction or gambling, it's an arbitrarily set unhealthy goal that achieves nothing but waste one's life on counting pieces of green paper while doing bullshit and immense harm as a side effect, smart people see through this, they want something more from life, they want to spend time with their family, create something that helps others, make art and so on, so they just won't go after money and they even turn down money if they can have it (see e.g. Grigori Perelman). And that is not all still, a stupid idiot may have further advantage in business because he can better predict behavior of idiots as he himself is an idiot, he thinks like one and so knows what idiots (most of population) wants better than someone who is smart.
{ Coincidentally after I wrote this I saw some "REAL STUDY" (as in peer censored etc.) which concluded income is slightly positively correlated with IQ, which is probably true around the average middle IQ (a slightly smarter wage slave will make a bit more money by pressing buttons on a computer than a wage slave moving crates), however the study also noted that by far the few richest individuals that took part in the study (probably some CEOs, they were literally sky high in the graph) were all quite significantly BELOW 100 IQ :D So now it's also official. ~drummyfish }
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ As mentioned, **love is not a single feeling**, there are many types of it, for
Is there a **good real life example of unconditional selfless love**? Yes. When a fascist [Brenton Tarrant](brenton_tarrant.md) shot up the Christchurch mosques on 15 March 2019 and killed 51 people, there was a woman among them whose husband said after the incident he wanted to hug Tarrant. The husband was also present during the shooting. Not only has he forgiven the killer of his wife and someone who almost also murdered him alone, he showed him loved, something which must have been unimaginably difficult and something that proved him one of the most pure people on this planet. He said about it the following (paraphrased for copyright concerns): "There is no use in anger. Anger and fight will not fix it, only with love and caring can we warm hearts. [...] I love him because he is a human being, he is my brother. [...] I don't support his act. [...] But perhaps he was hurt in his life, perhaps something happened to him. [...] Everyone has two sides, a bad one and a good one; bring out the good in you.". (source: https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/husband-forgives-new-zealand-terrorist-14154882) { This moved me so much when I read it, I can't explain how much this affected my life. I have so much admiration for what this man said and I wish I could follow his message for my whole life. Only the words of the man alone have awoken so much of the purest love in me towards every living being on this planet, which I didn't even know existed. ~drummyfish }
**Conditional love is not true love**, it is [evil](evil.md) trying to deceive by likening itself to something good. If love is conditioned, it is just a commodity offered for certain price, i.e. just another form of [business](business.md). Treating love as a form of [capital](capital.md) is the only way practiced in western world, especially the [USA](usa.md), an American is physically incapable of comprehending even the idea of unconditional love.
The only true love is unconditional love, love that doesn't punish. **Conditional love is not true love**, it is [evil](evil.md) trying to deceive by likening itself to something good. If love is conditioned, it is just a commodity offered for certain price, i.e. just another form of [business](business.md). Treating love as a form of [capital](capital.md) is the only way practiced in western world, especially the [USA](usa.md), an American is physically incapable of comprehending even the idea of unconditional love.
FOOTER="<hr /><p>All content available under <a class=\"notdead\" href=\"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/\">CC0 1.0</a> (public domain). Send comments and corrections to drummyfish at disroot dot org. </p></body></html>"
FOOTER="<hr /><p> Powered by nothing. All content available under <a class=\"notdead\" href=\"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/\">CC0 1.0</a> (public domain). Send comments and corrections to drummyfish at disroot dot org. </p></body></html>"
{ [LRS](lrs.md) now has a very small 3D physics engine called [tinyphysicsengine](tinyphysicsengine.md). ~drummyfish }
Physics engine is a [software](software.md) (usually a [library](library.md)) whose purpose is to simulate physics laws of mechanics, i.e. things such as forces, [rigid](rigid_body.md) and [soft](soft_body.md) body collisions, [particle](particle.md) motion, fluid dynamics etc.
Physics engine is a [software](software.md) (usually a [library](library.md) or [framework](framework.md)) whose purpose is to simulate mechanical laws of real life physics, i.e. things such as forces, [rigid](rigid_body.md) and [soft](soft_body.md) body collisions, [particle](particle.md) motion, fluid dynamics etc. Where to draw the line between physics engines and "other software" is not exactly clear, a lot of software somehow takes real life physics into account without being called "physics engine", typically e.g. [3D rendering](3D_rendering.md) software, but in general if it focuses on motion, forces, collision etc., it may fall into this category.
{ When it comes to classic 3D rigid body physics engines, they're extremely hard to make, much harder than for example an advanced 3D rendering engine, especially when you want to make them [LRS](lrs.md) (without floating point, ...) and/or general and somewhat physically correct (being able to simulate e.g. the Dzhanibekov effect, satisfying all the conservation laws, continuous collision detection etc.). Good knowledge of mechanics and things like [quaternions](quaternion.md) and 3D rotations is just the beginning, difficulties arise in every aspect of the engine, and of those there are many. As I've found, 32 bit fixed point is not enough for a general engine (even though it is enough for a rendering engine), you'll run into precision problems as you need to represent both relatively high and low energies. You'll also run into stability issues such as stable contacts, situations with multiple objects stacked on top of each other starting to bounce on their own etc. Even things such as deciding in what order to resolve collisions are very difficult, they can lead to many bugs such as a car not being able to drive on a straight road made of several segments. Collision detection alone for all combinations of basic shapes (sphere, cuboid, cylinder, capsule, ... let alone general triangle mesh) are hard as you want to detect general cases (not only e.g. surface collisions) and you want to extract all the parameters of the collisions (collision location, depth, normal etc.) AND you want to make it fast. And of course you'll want to add acceleration structures and many other thing on top. So think twice before deciding to write your own physics engine.
A sane approach may be to write a simplified engine specifically for your program, for example a Minetest-like game may just need non-rotating capsules in a voxel environment, that's not that hard. You can also get away with a bit of cheating and faking, e.g. simulating rigid bodies as really stiff soft bodies, it may not be as efficient and precise but it's simpler to program. It may be [good enough](good_enough.md). Well, that's basically what [tinyphysicsengine](tinyphysicsengine.md) does anyway. Old playstation game Rally Cross apparently did something similar too. ~drummyfish }
Physics engine is a wide term even though one usually imagines the traditional 3D rigid body engine used in games such as [GTA](gta.md). These engines may nevertheless have different purposes, features and even basic paradigms, some may e.g. be specialized just for computing precise ballistic trajectories for the army, some may serve for simulating weather etc. Some common classifications and possible characteristics of physics engines follow:
Physics engine is a quite wide term -- even though one usually imagines something akin the typical real time 3D rigid body engine used in [games](game.md) such as [GTA](gta.md), there are many other types with vastly different purposes, features and even basic paradigms, some may e.g. be specialized just for computing precise ballistic trajectories for the army, only spitting out numbers without providing any visualization, some may serve for simulating and forecasting weather, some may simulate the evolution of our [Universe](universe.md) etc. Some common classifications and possible characteristics of physics engines follow:
- **[2D](2d.md) vs [3D](3d.md)**: 2D engines are generally much more simple to implement than 3D, for example because of much more simple math for rotations and collision detection. Graphics and physics are usually loosely interconnected (though they should be [decoupled](coupling.md)) in that the way in which we represent graphics (2D, general 3D, [BSP](bsp.md), [voxels](voxel.md), ...) usually also determines how we compute physics, so that there may also exist e.g. "[pseudo 3D](pseudo_3d.md)" physics engines as part of "pseudo 3D" renderers, e.g. the one used in [Doom](doom.md) etc.
- **[real time](real_time.md) vs [offline](offline.md)**: Real-time ones are mostly intended to be used in the entertainment industry, i.e. [games](game.md), movies etc. as they can compute somewhat realistic looking results quickly but for the price of dropping high accuracy (they use many [approximations](approximation.md)). Scientific engines may prefer to be offline and taking longer time to compute more precise results.
Reddit, established in 2005, marketing itself as the "frontpage of the [Internet](internet.md)", was an extremely successful, popular and quite nice website for sharing links, ideas and leading discussions about them, before it got absolutely destroyed by [capitalists](capitalism.md) right before they year 2020. It used to be a forum with great amount of [free speech](free_speech.md) and with quite a nice, plain user interface; in a swift turn it however turn completely over and is now among the most [censored](censorship.dm) sites on the whole [web](www.md), a place toxic with [SJW](sjw.md) fumes and its site is literally unusable for the amount of [bloat](bloat.md) and [ads](marketing.md). Never visit the site if you don't have to.
Reddit, established in 2005, marketing itself as the "frontpage of the [Internet](internet.md)", was an extremely successful, popular and a quite nice website for sharing links, ideas and leading discussions about them, before it got absolutely destroyed by [capitalists](capitalism.md) right before they year 2020. It used to be a forum with great amount of [free speech](free_speech.md) and with quite enjoyable, plain user interface; in a swift turn of events however it flipped completely over and is now among the worst, most [censored](censorship.dm) sites on the whole [web](www.md), a place [toxic](toxic.md) with [SJW](sjw.md) fumes and its site is literally unusable for the amount of [bloat](bloat.md) and [ads](marketing.md) it employs. Never visit the site if you don't have to.
Reddit users are the kind of "moderate rebels", the sort of absolutely insignificant people who think they're doing heroic acts by setting a profile picture or sharing a mildly unpopular opinion on facebook, like "I actually think piracy is not bad! Take this corporations!". Nowadays the users are exclusively [SJW](sjw.md), all the popular post are attempts at [virtue signaling](virtue_signaling.md) and circlejerking, you'll find annoying propaganda inserted into absolutely unrelated subreddits, e.g. in a subreddit for sharing interesting pictures the all time top post will be something like a motivational tweet by Zelenski or some other gay (of course there are now annoying sponsored posts inserted in too, literally makes you wanna kill yourself). Very infamous are for example reddit [atheists](atheism.md) who are very enlightened by Neil De Grass documentaries, they don't understand how a medieval peasant could believe in irrational things, conform to orthodox preaching and participate in witch hunts, but if you suggest [removing the age of consent](pedophilia.md) or opposing [feminism](feminism.md) they pick up the torches and go full angry mob yelling "Stone that heretic to death!" That's because they're just trained to react to [key words](shortcut_thinking.md), they can't do much more.
Reddit users are the kind of "moderate rebels", the sort of absolutely insignificant people who think they're doing heroic acts by changing a profile picture or sharing a mildly unpopular opinion on [Facebook](facebook.md), like "I actually think [piracy](piracy.md) is not bad! Take this [corporations](corporation.md)!". [Nowadays](21st_century.md) the users are exclusively [SJWs](sjw.md), all the popular post are attempts at [virtue signaling](virtue_signaling.md) and circlejerking, you'll find annoying propaganda inserted into absolutely unrelated subreddits, e.g. in a subreddit for sharing interesting pictures the all time top post will be something like a motivational tweet by Zelenski or some other [gay](gay.md) (of course there are now annoying sponsored posts inserted in too, literally makes you wanna [kill yourself](kys.md)). Very infamous are for example reddit [atheists](atheism.md) who are very enlightened by Neil De Grass documentaries, they don't understand how a medieval peasant could believe in irrational things, conform to orthodox preaching and participate in witch hunts, but if you suggest [removing the age of consent](pedophilia.md) or opposing [feminism](feminism.md) they pick up the torches and go full angry mob yelling "Stone that heretic to death!" That's because they're just trained to react to [key words](shortcut_thinking.md), they can't do much more.
Before the infamous censorship wave circa 2019 reddit used to be quite a beautiful place to behold, truly an experience unlike anything else (maybe a bit comparable to [Usenet](usenet.md)). { I used to actually love reddit, sad it died. ~drummyfish } It's hard to sum up to someone who didn't experience reddit back then, it found a great mix of excellent ideas that just worked great together, a combination mainly of [free speech](free_speech.md) (that's completely gone now, it's almost comical to remember reddit used to be one of the "bastions of free speech" back then), nice minimalist user interface (also gone now), having many subforums for all kinds of niche communities, even the smallest you can imagine (like people who like round objects or people who try to talk without using some specific letter because they hate it etc.), sharing of [interesting](interesting.md) links and/or ideas, having a non-traditional comment system structured as a [tree](tree.md) and letting people vote on both posts and individual comments to bring up the ones they found most valuable (i.e. informative, funny, interesting etc.). Users also gathered so called "karma", a kind of points they cumulated for getting upvotes, so users had some sort of "level" -- the more karma, the more "elite" the user was (users could also gift so called *reddit gold* for excellent posts, basically giving the user a free premium account for a while); this not once led to so called *karma whoring*. Anyway, reddit was like an whole new Internet within the Internet, it was just a place where you could spend hours searching and discovering things you didn't even know you wanted to find -- any hobby or any detail you had a morbid curiosity about you could dig up on reddit, you could find large interviews with ambulance drivers who told fascinating stories they saw during their careers, schizophrenic people answering questions like "can you walk through the imaginary people you see?", discussions like "what's the weirdest thing that happened to you as a beekeeper", people digging out extremely weird videos on YouTube, solving mysteries in video games, even famous people like Barak Obama took part in reddit IAMA interviews and just answered all the weird questions the internet asked them. There were also porn communities and controversial communities like *r/watchpeopledie* where users just shared videos of people dying { This was my favorite, seeing people die and suffer was actually what led me to completely reject all violence later on in my life. ~drummyfish }. This was sort of the vanilla reddit experience. However, as they always do, money and [pseudoleftists](pseudoleft.md) soon swiftly killed all of this, a few greedy faggots just destroyed it all so that they could get even richer than they already were.
What was the big moment? Basically in 2019 reddit presented one the most visible, greatest examples of a **profit motivated 180 degree turn from a [free speech](free_speech.md) site to a [censorship](censorship.md) dictatorship** -- as some cock invested money to reddit, the reddit CEO just said yeah, let's make this advertisement friendly and ban all free speech on the site; there were hilarious historical moments like Alexis Ohanian, the co-founder of the site, saying "we never intended reddit to be the bastion of free speech" while someone actually found a quote of him saying the exact opposite in the past :D This shitstorm resulted in one of the greatest disasters to ever have happened on the Internet. Subreddits such as *r/politicallyincorrect*, *r/Offensive_Wallpapers*, *r/watchpeopledie*, *r/necrophilia*, *r/PicsOfHorseVaginas*, *r/sjwhate*, *r/lovenotacrime*, *r/fatpeoplehate* and THOUSANDS of others were all banned (you can probably still find them in archives, but you can no longer discuss of course). Of course those who criticized this were just banned too, anyone who showed a dislike of this got a "fuck you bitch" message from a mod with a swift ban. People not familiar with reddit or Internet too much perhaps didn't notice too much, but to an Internet citizen this was comparable to something like the Pope one day waking up, admitting to [atheism](atheism.md), dressing up as [Voldemort](hitler.md) and starting to masturbate on the balcony, cumming on people while promoting nuclear war, all because someone paid him $1 to do it. Of course this was completely expected under [capitalism](capitalism.md), reddit just showed a very rapid, "we don't give a shit about users or society or anything but money" kind of step, one that must show clear as day even to any blind idiot what capitalism really is about. After this many people left reddit for good { Including me. ~drummyfish }, some migrated to alternative sites like [Voat](voat.md), but it was never what it used to be, communities were fragmented and they mostly degenerated to small groups bitching about how reddit fucked up. At least it's a great lesson learned about "free market" society.
Reddit had an extreme number of own [memes](meme.md), historical events, famous users, inside [jokes](jokes.md) and jargon -- it was kind of like a whole country. Especially notable are the [acronyms](acronym.md) that come from subreddit names and which reddit guys use in normal speech, like AMA (ask me anything), TIL (today I learned), TIFU (today I fucked up) or ELI5 (explain like I'm 5) etc.
Reddit had an extreme number of own [memes](meme.md), [historical](history.md) events, famous users, inside [jokes](jokes.md) and jargon -- it was kind of like a whole country. Especially notable are the [acronyms](acronym.md) that come from subreddit names and which reddit guys use in normal speech, like AMA (ask me anything), TIL (today I learned), TIFU (today I fucked up) or ELI5 (explain like I'm 5) etc.
Reddit is a famous rival to [4chan](4chan.md), it's basically the [pseudoleftist](pseudoleft.md) forum vs the [rightist](left_right.md) forum -- the forums trashtalk each other, raid each other, make fun of each other and so on.
@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Currently there are visions of so called **"[web 3](web3.md)"** which should be
Back in the day (90s and early 2000s) web used to be a place of freedom working more or less in a decentralized manner, on [anarchist](anarchism.md) and often even [communist](communism.md) principles -- people used to have their own unique websites where they shared freely and openly, [censorship](censorship.md) was difficult to implement and mostly non-existent and websites used to have a much better design, were [KISS](kiss.md), safer, "open" (no paywalls, registration walls, country blocks, [DRM](drm.md), ...), MUCH faster and more robust as they were pure [HTML](html.md) documents. It was also the case that most websites were truly nice, useful and each one had a "soul" as they were usually made by passionate nerds who had a creative freedom and true desires to create a nice website (yes, even if they were making a commercial website for some company).
As the time marched on web used to become more and more [shit](shit.md), as is the case with everything touched by [capitalist](capitalist_software.md) hand -- the advent of so called **web 2.0** brought about a lot of [complexity](complexity.md), websites started to incorporate client-side scripts ([JavaScript](javascript.md), [Flash](flash.md), [Java](java.md) applets, ...) which led to many negative things such as incompatibility with browsers (kickstarting browser consumerism and [update culture](update_culture.md)), performance loss and security vulnerabilities (web pages now became programs rather than mere documents) and more complexity in web browsers, which leads to immense [bloat](bloat.md) and browser [monopolies](bloat_monopoly.md) (greater effort is needed to develop a browser, making it a privilege of those who can afford it, and those can subsequently dictate de-facto standards that further strengthen their monopolies). Another disaster came with **[social networks](social_network.md)** in mid 2000s, most notably [Facebook](facebook.md) but also [YouTube](youtube.md), [Twitter](twitter.md) and others, which centralized the web and rid people of control. Out of comfort people stopped creating and hosting own websites and rather created a page on Facebook. This gave the power to corporations and allowed **mass-surveillance**, **mass-censorship** and **propaganda brainwashing**. As the web became more and more popular, corporations and governments started to take more control over it, creating technologies and laws to make it less free. By 2020, the good old web is but a memory and a hobby of a few boomers, everything is controlled by corporations, infected with billions of unbearable ads, [DRM](drm.md), malware (trackers, [crypto](crypto.md) miners, ...), there exist no good web browsers, web pages now REQUIRE JavaScript even if it's not needed in principle due to which they are painfully slow and buggy, there are restrictive laws and censorship and de-facto laws (site policies) put in place by corporations controlling the web.
As the time marched on web used to become more and more [shit](shit.md), as is the case with everything touched by [capitalist](capitalist_software.md) hand -- the advent of so called **web 2.0** brought about a lot of [complexity](complexity.md), websites started to incorporate client-side scripts ([JavaScript](javascript.md), [Flash](flash.md), [Java](java.md) applets, ...) which led to many negative things such as incompatibility with browsers (kickstarting browser consumerism and [update culture](update_culture.md)), performance loss and security vulnerabilities (web pages now became programs rather than mere documents) and more complexity in web browsers, which leads to immense [bloat](bloat.md) and browser [monopolies](bloat_monopoly.md) (greater effort is needed to develop a browser, making it a privilege of those who can afford it, and those can subsequently dictate de-facto standards that further strengthen their monopolies). Another disaster came with **[social networks](social_network.md)** in mid 2000s, most notably [Facebook](facebook.md) but also [YouTube](youtube.md), [Twitter](twitter.md) and others, which centralized the web and rid people of control. Out of comfort people stopped creating and hosting own websites and rather created a page on Facebook. This gave the power to corporations and allowed **mass-surveillance**, **mass-censorship** and **propaganda brainwashing**. As the web became more and more popular, corporations and governments started to take more control over it, creating technologies and laws to make it less free. By 2020, the good old web is but a memory and a hobby of a few boomers, everything is controlled by corporations, infected with billions of unbearable ads, [DRM](drm.md), malware (trackers, [crypto](crypto.md) miners, ...), there exist no good web browsers, web pages now REQUIRE JavaScript even if it's not needed in principle due to which they are painfully slow and buggy, there are restrictive laws and censorship and de-facto laws (site policies) put in place by corporations controlling the web. Official web standards, libraries and frameweworks got into such an unbelievably bloated, complicated, corrupted and degenerated state (look up e.g. [Shadow DOM](shadow_dom.md)) that one cannot but stare in astonishment about the stupidity.
Mainstream web is quite literally unusable nowadays. { 2023 update: whole web is now behind [cuckflare](cloudfare.md) plus [secure HTTPS safety privacy antipedophile science encrypted privacy antiterrorist democratic safety privacy security expert antiracist sandboxed protection](https.md) and therefore literally can't be used. Also Google has been absolutely destroyed by the [LLM](llm.md) AIs now. ~drummyfish } What people searched for on the web they now search on on a handful of platforms like Facebook and YouTube (often not even using a web browser but rather a mobile "[app](app.md)"); if you try to "google" something, what you get is just a list of unusable sites written by [AIs](ai.md) that load for several minutes (unless you have the latest 1024 TB RAM beast) and won't let you read beyond the first paragraph without registration. These sites are uplifted by [SEO](seo.md) for pure commercial reasons, they contain no useful information, just ads. Useful sites are buried under several millions of unusable results or downright censored for political reasons (e.g. using some forbidden word). Thankfully you can still try to browse the [smol web](smol_internet.md) with search engines such as [wiby](wiby.md), but still that only gives a glimpse of what the good old web used to be.
