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Miloslav Ciz 2024-02-12 12:09:17 +01:00
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chess.md
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@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ On **perfect play**: as stated, chess is unlikely to be ever solved so it is unk
{ [This](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DpXy041BIlA) is an absolutely amazing video about weird chess algorithms :) ~drummyfish }
Chess is a big topic in computer science and programming, computers not only help people play chess, train their skills, analyze positions and perform research of games, but they also allow mathematical analysis of chess and provide a platform for things such as [artificial intelligence](ai.md).
Chess is a big topic in computer science and programming, computers not only help people play chess, train their skills, analyze positions and perform research of games, but they also allow mathematical analysis of chess as such and provide a platform for things such as [artificial intelligence](ai.md).
Chess software is usually separated to **[libraries](library.md)**, **chess engines** and **[frontends](frontend.md)**. Chess engine is typically a [CLI](cli.md) program capable of playing chess but also doing other things such as evaluating arbitrary position, hinting best moves, saving and loading games etc. -- commonly the engine has some kind of custom CLI interface (flags, interactive commands it understands, ...) plus a support of some standardized text communication protocol, most notably XBoard (older one, more [KISS](kiss.md)) and UCI (newer, more [bloated](bloat.md)). There is also typically support for standardized formats such as FEN (way of encoding a chess position as a text string), PGN (way of encoding games as text strings) etc. Frontends on the other hand are usually [GUI](gui.md) programs (in this case also called *boards*) that help people interact with the underlying engine, however there may also be similar non-GUI programs of this type, e.g. those that automatically run tournaments of multiple engines.
@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ Similarly the **number of possibly reachable positions** (position for which so
**Shortest possible checkmate** is by black on ply number 4 (so called *fool's mate*). As of 2022 the **longest known forced checkmate** is in 549 moves -- it has been discovered when computing the Lomonosov Tablebases.
Average game of chess lasts 40 moves. **Average [branching factor](branching_factor.md)** (number of possible moves at a time) is around 33. **Maximum number of possible moves in a position** seems to be 218 (FEN: `R6R/3Q4/1Q4Q1/4Q3/2Q4Q/Q4Q2/pp1Q4/kBNN1KB1 w - - 0 1`).
Average game of chess lasts 40 (full) moves (80 plies). **Average [branching factor](branching_factor.md)** (number of possible moves at a time) is around 33. **Maximum number of possible moves in a position** seems to be 218 (FEN: `R6R/3Q4/1Q4Q1/4Q3/2Q4Q/Q4Q2/pp1Q4/kBNN1KB1 w - - 0 1`).
White wins about 38% of games, black wins about 34%, the remaining 28% are draws (38.7%, 31.1%, 30.3% respectively on Computer Chess Rating Lists).