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gnu.md
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gnu.md
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GNU (*"GNU is Not Unix"*, a [recursive](recursion.md) acronym) is a large project started by [Richard Stallman](rms.md), the inventor of [free (as in freedom) software](free_software.md), running since 1983 with the goal of creating a completely free (as in freedom) [operating system](os.md), along with other free [software](software.md) that computer users might need. The project doesn't tolerate any [proprietary](proprietary.md) software. The project achieved its goal of creating a complete operating system when a [kernel](kernel.md) named [Linux](linux.md) became part of it in the 90s as the last piece of the puzzle -- the system is now known as GNU/Linux. However, the GNU project didn't end and continues to further develop the operating system as well as a myriad of other software projects it hosts. GNU gave rise to the [Free Software Foundation](fsf.md) and is one of the most important software projects in history of computing.
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GNU (*"GNU is Not Unix"*, a [recursive](recursion.md) acronym) is a large project started by [Richard Stallman](rms.md), the inventor of [free (as in freedom) software](free_software.md), running since 1983 with the goal of creating a completely free (as in freedom) [operating system](os.md), along with other free [software](software.md) that computer users might need. The project doesn't tolerate any [proprietary](proprietary.md) software. The project achieved its goal of creating a complete operating system when a [kernel](kernel.md) named [Linux](linux.md) became part of it in the 90s as the last piece of the puzzle -- the system is now known as GNU/Linux. However, the GNU project didn't end and continues to further develop the operating system as well as a myriad of other software projects it hosts. GNU gave rise to the [Free Software Foundation](fsf.md) and is one of the most important software projects in history of computing.
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The mascot of GNU is literally gnu (wildebeest).
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The mascot of GNU is literally gnu (wildebeest), it is available under a copyleft license.
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The GNU/Linux operating system has several variants in a form of a few GNU approved "Linux" [ditributions](distro.md) such as [Guix](guix.md), [Trisquel](trisquel.md) or [Parabola](parabola.md). Most other "Linux" distros don't meet the strict standards of GNU such as not including any proprietary software. In fact the approved distros can't even use the standard version of [Linux](linux.md) because that contains proprietary [blobs](blob.md), a modified variant called [Linux-libre](linux_libre.md) has to be used.
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The GNU/Linux operating system has several variants in a form of a few GNU approved "Linux" [ditributions](distro.md) such as [Guix](guix.md), [Trisquel](trisquel.md) or [Parabola](parabola.md). Most other "Linux" distros don't meet the strict standards of GNU such as not including any proprietary software. In fact the approved distros can't even use the standard version of [Linux](linux.md) because that contains proprietary [blobs](blob.md), a modified variant called [Linux-libre](linux_libre.md) has to be used.
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- [GNU Mediagoblin](mediagoblin.md) (decentralized file hosting on the [web](web.md))
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- [GNU Mediagoblin](mediagoblin.md) (decentralized file hosting on the [web](web.md))
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- GNU Unifont ([unicode](unicode.md) font)
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- GNU Unifont ([unicode](unicode.md) font)
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- [GNU Privacy Guard](gpg.md) (gpg, OpenPGP encryption)
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- [GNU Privacy Guard](gpg.md) (gpg, OpenPGP encryption)
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- ...
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## See Also
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## See Also
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linux.md
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linux.md
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Linux is sometimes called [free as in freedom](free_software.md), however it is hardly deserving the label, it is more of an "[open-source](open_source.md)" or [FOSS](foss.md) project. **Linux is in many ways bad**, especially lately. Some reasons for this are:
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Linux is sometimes called [free as in freedom](free_software.md), however it is hardly deserving the label, it is more of an "[open-source](open_source.md)" or [FOSS](foss.md) project. **Linux is in many ways bad**, especially lately. Some reasons for this are:
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- It actually includes [proprietary](proprietary.md) software in the form of [binary blobs](blob.md) ([drivers](drivers.md)). The [Linux-libre](linux_libre.md) project tries to fix this.
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- It actually includes [proprietary](proprietary.md) software in the form of [binary blobs](blob.md) ([drivers](drivers.md)). The [Linux-libre](linux_libre.md) project tries to fix this.
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- It is [tranny software](tranny_software.md) and has a fascist [code of conduct](coc.md) (`linux/Documentation/process/code-of-conduct.rst`).
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- It is [tranny software](tranny_software.md) and has a fascist [code of conduct](coc.md) (`linux/Documentation/process/code-of-conduct.rst`). Recently it started to even incorporate [Rust](rust.md).
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- Its development practices are [sus](sus.md), it is involved with many unethical corporations (through the [linux foundation](linux_foundation.md)) including [Microsoft](microsoft.md) (one of the greatest enemies of free software) who is trying to take control over it ([EEE](eee.md)), [Google](google.md), [Intel](intel.md), [IBM](ibm.md) and others. Such forces will inevitably shape it towards corporate interests.
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- Its development practices are [sus](sus.md), it is involved with many unethical corporations (through the [linux foundation](linux_foundation.md)) including [Microsoft](microsoft.md) (one of the greatest enemies of free software) who is trying to take control over it ([EEE](eee.md)), [Google](google.md), [Intel](intel.md), [IBM](ibm.md) and others. Such forces will inevitably shape it towards corporate interests.
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- It is a monolithic kernel which goes against the [KISS](kiss.md) philosophy.
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- It is a monolithic kernel which goes against the [KISS](kiss.md) philosophy.
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- It is [bloat](bloat.md) and [bloat monopoly](bloat_monopoly.md) and in some ways [capitalist software](capitalist_software.md) (just try to fork Linux, maintain it and add/modify actual features).
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- It is [bloat](bloat.md) and [bloat monopoly](bloat_monopoly.md) and in some ways [capitalist software](capitalist_software.md) (just try to fork Linux, maintain it and add/modify actual features).
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main.md
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main.md
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- **society**: [anarchism](anarchism.md) -- [anarcho pacifism](anpac.md) -- [capitalism](capitalism.md) -- [censorship](censorship.md) -- [collapse](collapse.md) -- [communism](communism.md) -- [democracy](democracy.md) -- [everyone does it](everyone_does_it.md) -- [fascism](fascism.md) -- [feminism](feminism.md) -- [fight culture](fight_culture.md) -- [history](history.md) -- [homosexuality](gay.md) -- [left vs right vs pseudoleft](left_right.md) -- [Jesus](jesus.md) -- [less retarded society](less_retarded_society.md) -- [LGBTQWTF](lgbt.md) -- [science](science.md) vs [soyence](soyence.md) -- [productivity cult](productivity_cult.md) -- [selflessness](selflessness.md) -- [socialism](socialism.md) -- [Venus project](venus_project.md) -- [work](work.md)
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- **society**: [anarchism](anarchism.md) -- [anarcho pacifism](anpac.md) -- [capitalism](capitalism.md) -- [censorship](censorship.md) -- [collapse](collapse.md) -- [communism](communism.md) -- [democracy](democracy.md) -- [everyone does it](everyone_does_it.md) -- [fascism](fascism.md) -- [feminism](feminism.md) -- [fight culture](fight_culture.md) -- [history](history.md) -- [homosexuality](gay.md) -- [left vs right vs pseudoleft](left_right.md) -- [Jesus](jesus.md) -- [less retarded society](less_retarded_society.md) -- [LGBTQWTF](lgbt.md) -- [science](science.md) vs [soyence](soyence.md) -- [productivity cult](productivity_cult.md) -- [selflessness](selflessness.md) -- [socialism](socialism.md) -- [Venus project](venus_project.md) -- [work](work.md)
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- **freedom/law**: [Creative Commons](creative_commons.md) -- [free culture](free_culture.md) -- [free hardware](free_hardware.md) -- [free software](free_software.md) -- [copyleft](copyleft.md) -- [copyright](copyright.md) -- ["intellectual property"](intellectual_property.md) -- [license](license.md) -- [open $ource](open_source.md) -- [patent](patent.md) -- [public domain](public_domain.md)
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- **freedom/law**: [Creative Commons](creative_commons.md) -- [free culture](free_culture.md) -- [free hardware](free_hardware.md) -- [free software](free_software.md) -- [copyleft](copyleft.md) -- [copyright](copyright.md) -- ["intellectual property"](intellectual_property.md) -- [license](license.md) -- [open $ource](open_source.md) -- [patent](patent.md) -- [public domain](public_domain.md)
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- **interesting**: [beauty](beauty.md) -- [bytebeat](bytebeat.md) -- [chess](chess.md) -- [Dodleston messages mystery](dodleston.md) -- [interplanetary internet](interplanetary_internet.md) -- [netstalking](netstalking.md) -- [steganography](steganography.md)
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- **interesting**: [beauty](beauty.md) -- [bytebeat](bytebeat.md) -- [chess](chess.md) -- [Dodleston messages mystery](dodleston.md) -- [interplanetary internet](interplanetary_internet.md) -- [netstalking](netstalking.md) -- [steganography](steganography.md)
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- **fun/relaxed/offtopic**: [audiophilia](audiophilia.md) -- [C downto operator](downto.md) -- [C obfuscation contest](ioccc.md) -- [dog](dog.md) -- [esolang](esolang.md) -- [fun](fun.md) -- [games](game.md) -- [island](island.md) -- [jokes](joke) -- [LMAO](lmao.md) -- [rock](rock.md) -- [shit](shit.md) -- [SIGBOVIK](sigbovik.md) -- [Temple OS](temple_os.md)
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- **fun/relaxed/offtopic**: [audiophilia](audiophilia.md) -- [C downto operator](downto.md) -- [C obfuscation contest](ioccc.md) -- [dog](dog.md) -- [esolang](esolang.md) -- [fun](fun.md) -- [games](game.md) -- [island](island.md) -- [jokes](jokes.md) -- [LMAO](lmao.md) -- [rock](rock.md) -- [shit](shit.md) -- [SIGBOVIK](sigbovik.md) -- [Temple OS](temple_os.md)
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ssao.md
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Screen space ambient occlusion (SSAO) is a [screen space](screen_space.md) technique used in 3D [computer graphics](graphics.md) for **[approximating](approximation.md)** [ambient occlusion](ambient_occlusion.md) (basically "dim shadows in corners", which itself is an approximation of true [global illumination](global_illumination.md)) in a way that's easy and not so expensive to implement to run in [real time](real_time.md). The effect however looks ugly many times and is often criticized, see e.g. an excellent article at https://nothings.org/gamedev/ssao/.
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Screen space ambient occlusion (SSAO) is a [screen space](screen_space.md) technique used in 3D [computer graphics](graphics.md) for **[approximating](approximation.md)** [ambient occlusion](ambient_occlusion.md) (basically "dim shadows in corners", which itself is an approximation of true [global illumination](global_illumination.md)) in a way that's easy and not so expensive to implement to run in [real time](real_time.md). The effect however looks ugly many times and is often criticized, see e.g. an excellent article at https://nothings.org/gamedev/ssao/.
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{ 2023 report: SSAO is still bad as fuck. ~drummyfish }
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{ 2023 report: SSAO still sucks. ~drummyfish }
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Exact ambient occlusions can be computed with algorithms such as RTAO (which uses [raytracing](raytracing.md)), but this requires complete information about the geometry and is too slow without special hardware. Therefore some game devs cheat and use a cheap approximation: SSAO is implemented as a [post-processing](post_processing.md) [shader](shader.md) and only uses the information available on the screen, specifically in the [depth buffer](z_buffer.md) -- this gives only partial information about the actual scene geometry, i.e. the algorithm doesn't know what the back facing, screen-perpendicular or off-screen geometry looks like and has to make guesses which sometimes result in quite visible inaccuracies.
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Exact ambient occlusions can be computed with algorithms such as RTAO (which uses [raytracing](raytracing.md)), but this requires complete information about the geometry and is too slow without special hardware. Therefore some game devs cheat and use a cheap approximation: SSAO is implemented as a [post-processing](post_processing.md) [shader](shader.md) and only uses the information available on the screen, specifically in the [depth buffer](z_buffer.md) -- this gives only partial information about the actual scene geometry, i.e. the algorithm doesn't know what the back facing, screen-perpendicular or off-screen geometry looks like and has to make guesses which sometimes result in quite visible inaccuracies.
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