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## Rules
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The exact rules of chess and their scope may depend on situation, this is just a sum up of rules generally used nowadays.
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The exact rules of chess and their scope may depend on situation, this is just a sum up of rules generally used nowadays. Nowadays the official rules are considered to be those defined by FIDE.
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The start setup of a chessboard is following (lowercase letters are for black men, uppercase for white men, on a board with colored squares A1 is black):
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**Checkmate**: If a player is in check but cannot make any move to get out of it, he is checkmated and lost.
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**En passant**: If a pawn moves 2 squares forward (from the start position), in the immediate next move the opponent can take it with a pawn in the same way as if it only moved 1 square forward (the only case in which a men captures another man by landing on an empty square).
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**En passant** (aka "surprise motherfucker", pronounced as *en peasant*): If a pawn moves 2 squares forward (from the start position), in the immediate next move the opponent can take it with a pawn in the same way as if it only moved 1 square forward (the only case in which a men captures another man by landing on an empty square).
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Threefold repetition is a rule allowing a player to claim a draw if the same position (men positions, player's turn, castling rights, en passant state) occurs three times (not necessarily consecutively). The 50 move rule allows a player to claim a draw if no pawn has moved and no man has been captured in last 50 moves (both players making their move counts as a single move here).
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