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Miloslav Ciz 2024-01-27 19:48:32 +01:00
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@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ Now **do NOT follow mainstream tutorials on making website** (Wordpress, PHP, st
- **[Plain text](plain_text.md) editor** (gedit, [geany](geany.md), [vim](vim.md), ...). This is easy, just download it. Just don't use a [rich text](rich_text.md) editor (MS Office, Libreoffice, ...), ok? That doesn't work!
- **Static site hosting**, i.e. a publicly accessible web server to store your site on, which will serve the site to clients. You have several options here:
- There exist free static site hosting services, e.g. those on many [git](git.md) hosting platforms like [GitLab](gitlab.md) or [Codeberg](codeberg.md) (even [GitHub](github.md), but avoid that one if possible), on [pubnix](pubnix.md) or sites like [neocities](neocities.md). You may just search for *free web hosting* on [wiby](wiby.md) or something. Here you may still encounter some censorship, but it can be a good start. Just search their site for details on how to host a site there -- usually you will get an [FTP](ftp.md) or [SSH](ssh.md) access and just upload your website there. Some have normie friendly web interface so you don't even have to deal with [command line](cli.md), but it's better to not rely on them, learn to do it properly.
- You may host your site at home, typically using [Raspberry Pi](rpi.md). This doesn't really cost anything as the weaker Raspberrys (e.g. 3B) consume negligible amount of electricity, and for non-extreme traffic you won't even need a super high speed connection (especially considering you will make a very tiny, efficient website). This is a very good option as practically no one will be able to censor you (only police and ISP), but it's also a tiny bit more difficult to set up because firstly you need to set up a webserver ([Apache](apache.md) is usually installed on any GNU/Linux distro though, it's really easy to do) and secondly you NEED A PUBLIC [IP ADDRESS](ip_address.md) (as typically you will be behind a [NAT](nat.md) so that computers from outside can't reach your server): you will probably have to ask your [internet provider](isp.md) for it (maybe you already have it, maybe they will give it to you for free, maybe you'll have to pay some small fee; just ask). Then you will also need to set up port forwarding on your [router](router.md) so that the requests from the outside are redirected to your web server computer (Raspberry Pi) -- this is just done in router settings by entering the IP address of the webserver computer somewhere.
- You may also pay for a web hosting (i.e. a server computer a company runs for you and which you access remotely) or a [VPS](vps.md) (basically renting a server for more generic use). VPS has basically the same advantages as having your own home server (i.e. you can often do many things like host game servers, dynamic websites, [gopher](gopher.md) sites etc.), but it's a lot more expensive than just web hosting (i.e. renting a hosting space only for a website). Price of really basic web hosting may even go as low as $2 or $1 per month, however an issue arises if you want to host **controversial and/or NSFW content**, for example politically incorrect site, criticizing mainstream politics, questioning soyence and history (covid vaccines, Holocaust, 9/11, ...) supporting "conspiracy theories", having gore or porn etc. It is really hard to find a host for that, keywords to search for are *free speech offshore web hosting*; however though many boast by hosting free speech, they actually don't or are scammers, ALWAYS read their terms of service and see what they allow etc. You may be forced to host at home here, but then your ISP may start bullying you in the same way, so really you may even need to use [Tor](tor.md) or something. We won't cover this here much more, it's a pretty complex stuff.
- You may host your site at home, typically using [Raspberry Pi](rpi.md). This doesn't really cost anything as the weaker Raspberrys (e.g. 3B) consume negligible amount of electricity, and for non-extreme traffic you won't even need a super high speed connection (especially considering you will make a very tiny, efficient website). This is a very good option as practically no one will be able to censor you (only police and ISP), but it's also a tiny bit more difficult to set up because firstly you need to set up a webserver ([Apache](apache.md) is usually installed on any GNU/Linux distro though, it's really easy to do) and secondly you NEED A PUBLIC [IP ADDRESS](ip_address.md) (as typically you will be behind a [NAT](nat.md) so that computers from outside can't reach your server, but if you have an IPv6 IP address you may already be publicly accessible!): you will probably have to ask your [internet provider](isp.md) for it (maybe you already have it, maybe they will give it to you for free, maybe you'll have to pay some small fee; just ask). Then you will also need to set up port forwarding on your [router](router.md) so that the requests from the outside are redirected to your web server computer (Raspberry Pi) -- this is just done in router settings by entering the IP address of the webserver computer somewhere. It is possible to **self host even without public IP (if you're behind NAT)** using tunneling -- it's not hard, don't worry, you don't have to mess with DNS or firewalls -- check out e.g. the [localtunnel](localtunnel.md) project, http://localhost.run/ etc., you can find these by looking up e.g. "public localhost", "hosting behind NAT" and so on. Usually this works by you running a program which connects to someone else's public server which will assign you some subdomain and accessing that subdomain will make the public server redirect the traffic to your computer (the catch may be e.g. in that your subdomain will be randomly generated and may change each time you restart the program).
- You may also pay for a web hosting (i.e. a server computer a company runs for you and which you access remotely) or a [VPS](vps.md) (basically renting a server for more generic use). VPS has basically the same advantages as having your own home server (i.e. you can often do many things like host game servers, dynamic websites, [gopher](gopher.md) sites etc.), but it's a lot more expensive than just web hosting (i.e. renting a hosting space only for a website); if you ARE looking for VPS, look for UNMANAGED VPS (unmanaged means they won't handhold you and it's a lot cheaper). Price of really basic web hosting may even go as low as $2 or $1 per month, however an issue arises if you want to host **controversial and/or NSFW content**, for example politically incorrect site, criticizing mainstream politics, questioning soyence and history (covid vaccines, Holocaust, 9/11, ...) supporting "conspiracy theories", having gore or porn etc. It is really hard to find a host for that, keywords to search for are *free speech offshore web hosting*; however though many boast by hosting free speech, they actually don't or are scammers, ALWAYS read their terms of service and see what they allow etc. You may be forced to host at home here, but then your ISP may start bullying you in the same way, so really you may even need to use [Tor](tor.md) or something. We won't cover this here much more, it's a pretty complex stuff.
- Optionally buy a domain name (search web for domain registrars), for example *mycoolsite.party*. If you are using a free hosting service, you will get a subdomain for free and don't have to care about this (but can still also use your own domain if you have it and want to). If you have your own home server, you probably want to buy a domain because otherwise people would have to connect to your site by literally typing an IP address to the browser. Once you have the domain, you want to edit the [DNS](dns.md) records of your domain to point to the IP address of your server (i.e. you want to add an "A record"): how exactly to do this depends on the registrar (they will have some kinda online system to edit the records).
For starters try to go the easiest way: use some free static site hosting without a domain name. Later, once you get comfortable, you may transition to self-hosting with your custom domain.