Update

doom.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Doom is a legendary video [game](game.md) released in December [1993](1990s.md), perhaps the most famous video game of all time, the game that popularized the [first man shooter](first_person_shooter.md) genre and shocked by its at the time extremely advanced 3D graphics (yes, **Doom is 3D**) and caused one of the biggest revolutions in video game [history](history.md). It was made by [Id Software](id_software.md), most notably by [John Carmack](john_carmack.md) (graphics + engine programmer) and [John Romero](john_romero.md) (tool programmer + level designer) -- all in all the game was developed by about 5 to 6 men in about a year. Doom is sadly [proprietary](proprietary.md), it was originally distributed as [shareware](shareware.md) (a gratis "demo" was available for playing and sharing with the option to buy a full version). However the game engine was later (1999) released as [free (as in freedom) software](free_software.md) under [GPL](gpl.md) which gave rise to many source [ports](port.md) and "improved" "[modern](modern.md)" engines (which however look like shit, the original looks by far the best, if you want to play Doom use Chocolate Doom or Crispy Doom, avoid anything with GPU rendering). The assets remain non-free but a completely free alternative is offered by the [Freedoom](freedoom.md) project that has created [free as in freedom](free_culture.md) asset replacements for the game. [Anarch](anarch.md) is an official [LRS](lrs.md) game inspired by Doom, completely in the [public domain](public_domain.md).
 
-{ NOTE: Some disliked that I "glorify" Doom, a proprietary game -- yes, Doom is proprietary and therefore unethical. Ethical "fixes" exist, namely Freedoom. Here I merely describe the historical significance of "Doom as a concept", it's the same thing as with "Unix" as a concept -- Unix was also proprietary, but its invention was very significant historically, it was a discovery of a certain kind of formula, almost like discovering a law of nature in science. Even if this is initially seized and held by capitalists, later on free clones usually manage to free the concept from the proprietary implementation. Just so we understand each other: I am fully AGAINST proprietary games, but things aren't black and white, a disaster may have historical significance and lead to something good, and vice versa. I am just capturing facts. ~drummyfish }
+{ NOTE: Some followers expressed disgust about the fact that I "glorify" Doom, a proprietary game -- yes, Doom is proprietary and thus an unethical piece of shit. Ethical "fixes" exist, namely Freedoom. Here I merely describe the historical significance of "Doom as a concept", it's the same as with "[Unix](unix.md)" as a concept -- Unix was also proprietary, but its invention was very significant historically, it was a discovery of a certain kind of formula, almost like discovering a law of nature in science. Even if this is initially seized and held by capitalists, later on free clones usually manage to free the concept from the proprietary implementation. Just so we understand each other: I am fully AGAINST proprietary games, but things aren't black and white, a disaster may have historical significance and lead to something good, and vice versa. I am just capturing facts. ~drummyfish }
 
 Doom has a cool wiki at https://doomwiki.org.
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Only pussies play Doom on low difficulty. { Sorry Ramon, love u <3 :D ~drummyfis
 
 In part owing to the release of the engine under a [FOSS](foss.md) [license](license.md) and its relatively [suckless](suckless.md) design ([C](c.md) language, [software rendering](sw_rendering.md), ...), Doom has been [ported](port.md), both officially and unofficially, to a great number of platforms (e.g. [Gameboy Advance](gba.md), [PS1](playstation.md), even [SNES](snes.md)) and has become a kind of **de facto standard [benchmark](benchmark.md)** for computer platforms -- you will often hear the phrase: **"but does it run Doom?"** Porting a Doom to any platform has become kind of a [meme](meme.md), someone allegedly even ported it to a pregnancy test (though it didn't actually run on the test, it was really just a display). { Still [Anarch](anarch.md) may be even more portable than Doom :) ~drummyfish }
 
-The major leap that Doom engine's graphics brought was unprecedented, however Doom was not just a game with good graphics, it had extremely good gameplay, legendary [music](music.md) and art style and introduced the revolutionary [deathmatch](deathmatch.md) multiplayer (the name *deathmatch* itself was coined by Romero during Doom multiplayer sessions), as well as a HUGE modding and mapping community. It was a success in every way -- arguably no other game has since achieved a greater revolution than Doom (no, not even [Minecraft](minecraft.md), [World of Warcraft](wow.md) etc.). Many reviews of it just went along the lines: "OK, Doom is the best game ever made, now let's just take a look at the details...". The game's style was also extremely cool, as were the developers themselves, Doom was very appealing by its sincere style of simply being a pure metal/bloody/gory/demon slaying shooter without any corporate garbage stuffed in for more popularity that you'd see today. It was simply a game made by a few guys who did it the way they liked it without giving shit about anything, you won't see that anymore, Doom simply didn't pretend to be some kind of pompous, glorious work and so for example didn't give much shit about the backstory, everyone knew the game was about shooting and so they just made it a bloody shooter. John Carmack famously stated that story in a video game is like story in a porn movie -- it's expected to be there but not very important. Nowadays you may see developers try to imitate this attitude but it's always laughable, it will only ever be a pretense because the times when you could simply make a game with artistic freedom, without having to bow to managers, gender departments, publishers and other overlords are simply long gone.
+The major leap that Doom engine's graphics brought about was unprecedented, but Doom was not just a game with good graphics, it had fantastic gameplay, brutally good [music](music.md) and a fitting, badass [art](art.md) style, all polished and coherent in a very beautifully gory harmony, and on top of that there was the novel and revolutionary [deathmatch](deathmatch.md) multiplayer (the name *deathmatch* itself was coined by Romero during Doom multiplayer sessions), as well as a HUGE modding and mapping scene. Doom was a success in every way -- arguably no other game has since caused a revolution of greater proportions (no, not even [Minecraft](minecraft.md), [World of Warcraft](wow.md) and whatever else). Many game magazines just started reviews with: "OK, Doom is clearly the best game ever made, let's just examine the details...". The game's overall style and atmosphere were just "cool", as were the developers themselves, Doom was very appealing by its sincere message that read "fuck it, we don't give a shit, let's make a great game". It was a pure metal/bloody/gory/demon slaying shooter without any [corporate](corporation.md) garbage stuffed in for more popularity and profit that you'd see today. It was a game made by a bunch of guys doing it their own way without giving much shit about family friendliness or marketing bullshit, you won't see that anymore. Doom didn't pretend, it didn't care about backstory, everyone knew it was about shooting and so they just made it a bloody shooter. John Carmack famously stated that story in a video game is like story in a [porn](porn.md) movie -- it's expected to be there but not very important. Nowadays you may at best see developers try to artificially imitate this attitude but it's always laughably transparent, it will only ever be a pretense as the times when you could simply make a game with artistic freedom, without having to bow to managers, gender departments, publishers and other overlords are simply long gone by.
 
 Doom wasn't the first 3D game, nor was it the first FPS, some of its predecessors could even be considered "more 3D" in a sense -- for example flight simulators -- what was so special and breathtaking about Doom was the mastery with which it combined all the graphic tricks in a novel way and still managed to complement them with excellent gameplay to deliver unprecedented "immersion", such that mere mortals of the [1990s](90s.md) couldn't expect and weren't ready for. Doom had fully textured environments, including floors and ceilings, which along with the fog, sector lighting, level verticality and interactivity made the player really feel present in the game despite not being able to look up and down. Games had textured walls before, and others had textured floors, some had lighting effects and distance fog, but Doom was the first to have it all and have it done the right way.
 
@@ -44,11 +44,11 @@ Some **[interesting](interesting.md) trivia** about Doom include:
 
 Doom source code is written in [C89](c.md) and is about 36000 [lines of code](loc.md) long, spread over some 124 files, of which some were auto-generated (e.g. the [AI](ai.md) [state machines](finite_state_machine.md)). The original system requirements stated roughly a 30 MHz [CPU](cpu.md) and 4 MB [RAM](ram.md) as a minimum. It had 27 levels (9 of which were shareware), 8 weapons and 10 enemy types. The engine wasn't really as flexible in a way "[modern](modern.md)" programmers expect, many things were hard coded, there was no [scripting](script.md) or whatever (see? you don't fucking need it), new games using the engine had to usually modify the engine internals. Compared to its predecessor ([Wolf 3D](wolf3d.md)), successor ([Quake](quake.md)) and competition ([Duke 3D](duke3d.md)), Doom's code is arguably the nicest and closest to [LRS](lrs.md).
 
-The code itself looks alright, files are nicely organized into groups by their prefix (`g_`: game, `r_`: rendering, `s`: sound etc.). The same goes for the function names. There seems to be tabs mixed with spaces though, sometimes a bit shitty formatting, but overall MUCH better than [duke 3D](duke3d.md)'s code (well, that doesn't say much though). [Comments](comment.md) are plentiful.
+The code itself looks alright, files are conveniently organized into groups by their prefix (`g_`: game, `r_`: rendering, `s`: sound etc.). The same goes for the function names. There seems to be tabs mixed with spaces though, sometimes a bit shitty formatting, but overall MUCH better than [duke 3D](duke3d.md)'s code (well, that doesn't say much though). [Comments](comment.md) are plentiful.
 
 The game only used [fixed point](fixed_point.md), no [float](float.md)!
 
-The **Doom engine** (also called *id Tech 1*) was revolutionary and advanced (not only but especially) video game graphics by a great leap, considering its predecessor [Wolf3D](wolf3D.md) was really primitive in comparison (Doom basically set the direction for future trends in games such as driving the development of more and more powerful [GPUs](gpu.md) in a race for more and more impressive visuals). In early stages the game used a [portal renderer](portal_rendering.md) but it turned running too slow with more complex scenes, so John Carmack switched to a new technique called **[BSP rendering](bsp.md)** (levels were made of convex 2D sectors that were then placed in a BSP tree which helped quickly sort the walls for rendering front-to-back) that was able to render [realtime](realtime.md) 3D views of textured (all walls, floors and ceilings) environments with primitive lighting (per-sector plus diminishing lighting), enemies and items represented by 2D [billboards](billboard.md) ("[sprites](sprite.md)"). The BSP rending was especially elegant in that it always drew each screen pixel exactly once, without overdraw or "holes" left behind, and thanks to this it wasn't even necessary to clear the video buffer inbetween frames. No [GPU](gpu.md) acceleration was used, graphics was rendered purely with [CPU](cpu.md) (so called [software rendering](sw_rendering.md), GPU rendering would come with Doom's successor [Quake](quake.md), and would also later be brought to Doom by newer community made engines, though the original always looks the best). This had its limitations, for example the camera could not look up and down, there could be no tilted walls and the levels could not have rooms above other rooms. The geometry of levels was only static, i.e. it could not change during play (only height of walls could, which is why walls always opened upwards), because rendering was dependent on precomputed BSP trees (which is what made it so fast). For these reasons some call Doom "[pseudo 3D](pseudo3d.md)" or 2.5D rather than "true 3D", some retards took this even as far as calling Doom 2D with its graphics being just an "illusion", as if literally every 3D graphics ever wasn't a mere illusion. Nevertheless, though with limitations, Doom did present 3D views and internally it did work with 3D coordinates (for example the player or projectiles have 2D position plus height coordinate), despite some dumb YouTube videos saying otherwise. For this reason we prefer to call Doom a **primitive 3D** engine, but 3D nonetheless. Other games later used the Doom engine, such as Heretic, Hexen and Strife. The Doom engine was similar to and competing with [Build](build_engine.md) engine that ran games like [Duke Nukem 3D](duke3d.md), Blood and Shadow Warrior. All of these 90s shooters were amazing in their visuals and looked far better than any [modern](modern.md) shit. Build engine games had similar limitations to those of the Doom engine but would improve on them (e.g. faking looking up and down by camera tilting, which could in theory be done in Doom too, or allowing sloped floor and dynamic level geometry).
+The **Doom engine** (also called *id Tech 1*) was revolutionary and advanced (not only but especially) video game graphics by a great leap, considering its predecessor [Wolf3D](wolf3D.md) was really primitive in comparison (Doom basically set the direction for future trends in games such as driving the development of more and more powerful [GPUs](gpu.md) in a race for more and more impressive visuals). In early stages the game used a [portal renderer](portal_rendering.md) but it turned out running too slow with more complex scenes, so John Carmack switched to a new technique called **[BSP rendering](bsp.md)** (levels were made of convex 2D sectors that were then placed in a BSP tree which helped quickly sort the walls for rendering front-to-back) that was able to render [realtime](realtime.md) 3D views of textured (all walls, floors and ceilings) environments with primitive lighting (per-sector plus diminishing lighting), enemies and items represented by 2D [billboards](billboard.md) ("[sprites](sprite.md)"). The BSP rending was especially elegant in that it always drew each screen pixel exactly once, without overdraw or "holes" left behind, and thanks to this it wasn't even necessary to clear the video buffer inbetween frames. No [GPU](gpu.md) acceleration was used, graphics was rendered purely with [CPU](cpu.md) (so called [software rendering](sw_rendering.md), GPU rendering would come with Doom's successor [Quake](quake.md), and would also later be brought to Doom by newer community made engines, though the original always looks the best). This had its limitations, for example the camera could not look up and down, there could be no tilted walls and the levels could not have rooms above other rooms. The geometry of levels was only static, i.e. it could not change during play (only height of walls could, which is why walls always opened upwards), because rendering was dependent on precomputed BSP trees (which is what made it so fast). For these reasons some call Doom "[pseudo 3D](pseudo3d.md)" or 2.5D rather than "true 3D", some retards took this even as far as calling Doom 2D with its graphics being just an "illusion", as if literally every 3D graphics ever wasn't a mere illusion. Nevertheless, though with limitations, Doom did present 3D views and internally it did work with 3D coordinates (for example the player or projectiles have 2D position plus height coordinate), despite some dumb YouTube videos saying otherwise. For this reason we prefer to call Doom a **primitive 3D** engine, but 3D nonetheless. Other games later used the Doom engine, such as Heretic, Hexen and Strife. The Doom engine was similar to and competing with [Build](build_engine.md) engine that ran games like [Duke Nukem 3D](duke3d.md), Blood and Shadow Warrior. All of these 90s shooters were amazing in their visuals and looked far better than any [modern](modern.md) shit. Build engine games had similar limitations to those of the Doom engine but would improve on them (e.g. faking looking up and down by camera tilting, which could in theory be done in Doom too, or allowing sloped floor and dynamic level geometry).
 
 The game [data](data.md) is stored in so called **WAD files** (short for *where's all the data*). While many things are hardcoded in the engine, such as the total number of levels or types of weapons, most other things such as textures, levels, color palettes, weapons and enemy sprites are in the WAD files and so can be replaced without having to mess with the engine itself. There are two types of WAD files (both however still come with the same .wad extension, they are distinguished only by the file magic number): IWAD (internal WAD) and PWAD ([patch](patch.md) WAD). IWAD is the most important one, representing the base game, so for example Doom, Hexen and Freedoom will all have their own specific IWAD. Only one IWAD is loaded at any time. PWAD allows to add or modify things in the IWAD which makes it possible to easily correct bugs in the game data and make mods. Unlike with IWADs, multiple PWADs can be loaded at any time -- when loaded, a resource that's present in the PWAD will override the same resource in the base IWAD. All resources in the WAD files are stored as so called *lumps* which we may simply see as "blobs of data" or "files". A nice [CLI](cli.md) tool for working with WADs is e.g. [deutex](deutex.md).