Update
This commit is contained in:
parent
950ac93987
commit
da70f0a553
27 changed files with 1778 additions and 1710 deletions
3
42.md
3
42.md
|
|
@ -8,4 +8,5 @@ If you make a 42 reference in front of a TBBT fan, he will shit himself.
|
|||
|
||||
## See Also
|
||||
|
||||
- [thrembo](thrembo.md)
|
||||
- [thrembo](thrembo.md)
|
||||
- [foo](foo.md) (similarly overplayed "joke")
|
||||
17
attribution.md
Normal file
17
attribution.md
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
|
|||
# Attribution
|
||||
|
||||
In the world of intellectual works (such as programs, texts, images etc.) attribution means visibly and properly acknowledging the work of collaborators, i.e. usually mentioning the names or pseudonyms of others that somehow took part in creation of the work. Sometimes we distinguish between merely giving *credit*, i.e. just recording collaborators somewhere, even in a less visible place such as some documentation file, and *proper attribution* which may have further conditions, e.g. mentioning the authors in a visible place (e.g. game's main menu) along with a link to their website and so on. Attribution is something that's often a condition of a [license](license.md), i.e. for example the [Creative Commons Attribution](cc_by.md) (CC BY) license grants everyone rights to the work as long as the original author is properly attributed. However we at [LRS](lrs.md) see such license requirements as [harmful](harmful.md); **forcing attribution by [license](license.md) is a very bad idea!** Never do it. Please consider the following:
|
||||
|
||||
- Forcing attribution may cause practical problems and make your work unusable. While it's no issue to give proper attribution to one guy who made music for your game, consider also a different scenario: e.g. in development of [LMMS](lmms.), a [FOSS](foss.md) music making program, the authors had to collect hundreds of short sound samples for their virtual instruments -- here they couldn't use CC BY-SA samples because doing so would require anyone who made music with their program to also carry on proper attribution of all the author of every single sample that was used in the music, which is practically almost impossible.
|
||||
- Forcing attribution can make you be force singed under things you don't want to be signed under. Consider you make a comics for children and license it CC BY-SA, i.e. require attribution. By free culture principles someone can take the characters from your story and make porn or terrorist supporting videos with them and even if those guys knew you wouldn't want to be signed under this (because you e.g. made it clear on your blog that you hate porn and terrorism) and even if they would be willing to not name you, your license will force them to write your name PROPERLY, i.e. visibly, under the thing they make.
|
||||
- You're still playing the [copyright](copyright.md) game -- even if you relax copyright, you still acknowledge of the idea you keep some basic rights and have to [enforce](fight_culture.md) a "correct use" of your work. Even if the difference between CC0 and CC BY was practically of small importance, your mindset will likely be very different with each of them. There is a pattern of people who use CC0 being completely cool while the "CC BY-SA" people oftentimes changing their mind, trying to make trouble with "moral rights" and so on. Just don't do this.
|
||||
- It is just legal [bloat](bloat.md), it created [friction](friction.md), distract artists. It is unnecessary. Even if it's a small burden, it's still a burden for everyone -- the license has to be longer, it has to define what proper attribution means, what happens if it can't be technically achieved etc. You have to keep one more thing in your working memory, you have to observe if people respect this condition etc.
|
||||
- It discourages many from using your work. For some of the mentioned reasons many people actually avoid reusing works that require attribution { Including me and many other people I know. ~drummyfish }. There exist dangers like attribution getting unintentionally lost in some copy paste by which you start violating the license, people are aware of this danger so they firstly look for works with no conditions at all, just to be safer. By releasing your work without requiring attribution you usually get "extra points" from the free culture community for saving other headaches and trouble.
|
||||
- You will almost certainly be attributed even if you don't force it. People naturally credit others and there is basically no reason not to, it's in everyone's interest. In practice many people use licenses/waiver that don't force attribution and basically no "abuse" of this is seen -- firstly people are [culturally](culture.md) very strongly taught to always attribute others and socially rewarded for doing so, but secondly it doesn't even make any sense to try to come up with any "abuse", there isn't a way to abuse this -- imagine someone wanted to take credit on social media for some work he didn't make: it would sooner or later be found he didn't make the work anyway -- the original author would comment or it would show the guy is incapable of producing more similar works etc., and this can be confirmed on the Internet by digging and finding the work posted previously by someone else. So the guy would just forever mark himself as a scammer, people just don't even try this. AND even if this happens -- e.g. with some nasty copycat Chinese scammers -- they just blatantly "steal" the work no matter the license, they literally don't care about licenses, they steal even proprietary Hollywood movie characters, license doesn't do anything here. { I've been using exclusively [CC0](cc0.md) (which doesn't require credit) for many years and literally never encountered a single case when someone wouldn't credit me, nor have I heard of any malicious attempts at abusing this anywhere. ~drummyfish }
|
||||
- ...
|
||||
|
||||
## See Also
|
||||
|
||||
- [copyleft](copyleft.md)
|
||||
- [NC](nc.md)
|
||||
- [ND](nd.md)
|
||||
|
|
@ -115,4 +115,9 @@ TODO: more
|
|||
|
||||
## Variants
|
||||
|
||||
TODO
|
||||
TODO
|
||||
|
||||
## See Also
|
||||
|
||||
- [False](false.md) (a very similar esolang)
|
||||
- [comun](comun.md)
|
||||
|
|
@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ Some things that are bullshit include:
|
|||
- [disclaimers](disclaimer.md)
|
||||
- [DRM](drm.md)
|
||||
- [economy](economy.md)
|
||||
- management
|
||||
- [fashion](fashion.md)
|
||||
- "[game design](game_design.md)" (it's just part of programming games)
|
||||
- [gender studies](gender_studies.md)
|
||||
|
|
@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ Some things that are bullshit include:
|
|||
- [property](property.md) (including [copyright](copyright.md) etc.)
|
||||
- [security](security.md)
|
||||
- [states](state.md)
|
||||
- [UML](uml.md)
|
||||
- ...
|
||||
|
||||
OK then, what's not bullshit? Well, things that matter, for example [food](food.md), health, [education](education.md), [love](love.md), [fun](fun.md), [art](art.md), [technology](technology.md), knowledge about the world, [science](science.md), [morality](morality.md), exploration, ...
|
||||
1
cpu.md
1
cpu.md
|
|
@ -88,3 +88,4 @@ TODO: add more, mark CPUs with ME, add features like MMX, FPU, ...
|
|||
|
||||
- [GPU](gpu.md)
|
||||
- [MCU](mcu.md)
|
||||
- [WPU](wpu.md) (weird processing unit)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Here is a comparison of the Creative Commons licenses/waivers, from most free (b
|
|||
| name |abbreviation|free culture|use |share |remix |copyleft|attribution|non-commercial|comment |
|
||||
|---------------------------------------------------|------------|------------|-------|-------|-------|--------|-----------|--------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|
||||
| [Creative Commons Zero](cc0.md) | CC0 | yes :) |yes :) |yes :) |yes :) | no :) |no need :) | no :) |[public domain](public_domain.md), copyright [waiver](waiver.md), no restrictions, most freedom, best, sadly doesn't waive patents and trademraks|
|
||||
| Creative Commons Attribution | CC BY | yes?* |yes?* |yes :) |yes :) | no :) |forced :( | no :) | requires attribution to authors, `*`: limits some uses ("anti DRM"), rejected by [copyfree](copyfree.md), rather don't use |
|
||||
| Creative Commons [Attribution](attribution.md) | CC BY | yes?* |yes?* |yes :) |yes :) | no :) |forced :( | no :) | requires [attribution](attribution.md) to authors, `*`: limits some uses ("anti DRM"), rejected by [copyfree](copyfree.md), rather don't use |
|
||||
| Creative Commons Sharealike | CC SA | yes :) |yes :) |yes :) |yes :) | yes :/ |no need :) | no :) | retired, secret license, no longer recommended by CC, pure copyleft/sharealike without forced attribution |
|
||||
| Creative Commons Attribution Sharealike | CC BY-SA | yes :) |yes :) |yes :) |yes :) | yes :/ |forced :( | no :) | requires attribution to authors and copyleft (sharing under same terms) |
|
||||
| Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial | CC BY-NC | NO! :((( |yes but|yes but|yes but| yes :/ |forced :( | yes :( | [proprietary](proprietary.md) fascist license prohibiting commercial use, DO NOT USE |
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ Esolangs are great because:
|
|||
- **They are a breath of fresh air** in the sometimes too serious area of technology. Hobbyist and non-commercial programming communities are always great to have.
|
||||
- ...
|
||||
|
||||
A famous one-man organization related to esolangs is Cat's Eye run by Chris Pressey, currently reachable at https://catseye.tc.
|
||||
|
||||
## History
|
||||
|
||||
INTERCAL, made in 1972 by Donald Woods and James Lyon, is considered the first esolang in history: its goal was specifically intended to be different from traditional languages and so for example a level of politeness was introduced -- if there weren't enough PLEASE labels in the source code, the compiler wouldn't compile the program.
|
||||
|
|
@ -55,7 +57,7 @@ The following is a list of some notable esoteric languages.
|
|||
- **[Befunge](befunge.md)**: Two dimensional language that's extremely hard to compile.
|
||||
- **[Chef](chef.md)**: Source codes look like cooking recipes.
|
||||
- **Entropy**: Adds randomness to programs, data in variables decay.
|
||||
- **FALSE**: Aims for as small compiler as possible, inspired creation of Brainfuck and other esolangs.
|
||||
- **[FALSE](false.md)**: Aims for as small compiler as possible, inspired creation of Brainfuck and other esolangs, very [minimalist](minimalism.md).
|
||||
- **Gravity**: Executing programs involves solving [differential equations](differential_equation.md) related to gravity, which is [uncomputable](computability.md).
|
||||
- **[INTERCAL](intercal.md)**: Maybe the first esolang, includes such statements as `PLEASE DO` which have to be present in order for the compilation to be successful.
|
||||
- **Nothing**: Does nothing, guarantees zero bugs.
|
||||
|
|
@ -71,7 +73,10 @@ The following is a list of some notable esoteric languages.
|
|||
- **XENBLN**: [Golfing](golf.md) language, hello world is just `š`.
|
||||
- ...
|
||||
|
||||
{ There used to be an esolang webring, now only accessible through archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20110728084807/http://hub.webring.org/hub/esolang. You can find nice links there. ~drummyfish }
|
||||
|
||||
## See Also
|
||||
|
||||
- [WPU](wpu.md) (weird processing unit)
|
||||
- [conlang](conlang.md)
|
||||
- [micronation](micronation.md)
|
||||
|
|
@ -34,4 +34,8 @@ There is a tiny [suckless](suckless.md)/[LRS](lrs.md) library for real-time 3D:
|
|||
|
||||
**Real-time** 3D typically uses an **object-order** rendering, i.e. iterating over objects in the scene and drawing them onto the screen (i.e. we draw object by object). This is a fast approach but has disadvantages such as (usually) needing a memory inefficient [z-buffer](z_buffer.md) to not overwrite closer objects with more distant ones. It is also pretty difficult to implement effects such as shadows or reflections in object-order rendering. The 3D models used in real-time 3D are practically always made of **triangles** (or other polygons) because the established GPU pipelines work on the principle of drawing polygons.
|
||||
|
||||
**Offline rendering** (non-real-time, e.g. 3D movies) on the other hand mostly uses **image-order** algorithms which go pixel by pixel and for each one determine what color the pixel should have. This is basically done by casting a ray from the camera's position through the "pixel" position and calculating which objects in the scene get hit by the ray; this then determines the color of the pixel. This more accurately models how rays of light behave in real life (even though in real life the rays go the opposite way: from lights to the camera, but this is extremely inefficient to simulate). The advantage of this process is a much higher realism and the implementation simplicity of many effects like shadows, reflections and refractions, and also the possibility of having other than polygonal 3D models (in fact smooth, mathematically described shapes are normally much easier to check ray intersections with). Algorithms in this category include [ray tracing](ray_tracing.md) or [path tracing](path_tracing.md). In recent years we've seen these methods brought, in a limited way, to real-time graphics on the high end GPUs.
|
||||
**Offline rendering** (non-real-time, e.g. 3D movies) on the other hand mostly uses **image-order** algorithms which go pixel by pixel and for each one determine what color the pixel should have. This is basically done by casting a ray from the camera's position through the "pixel" position and calculating which objects in the scene get hit by the ray; this then determines the color of the pixel. This more accurately models how rays of light behave in real life (even though in real life the rays go the opposite way: from lights to the camera, but this is extremely inefficient to simulate). The advantage of this process is a much higher realism and the implementation simplicity of many effects like shadows, reflections and refractions, and also the possibility of having other than polygonal 3D models (in fact smooth, mathematically described shapes are normally much easier to check ray intersections with). Algorithms in this category include [ray tracing](ray_tracing.md) or [path tracing](path_tracing.md). In recent years we've seen these methods brought, in a limited way, to real-time graphics on the high end GPUs.
|
||||
|
||||
## See Also
|
||||
|
||||
- [computational photography](computational_photo.md)
|
||||
10
history.md
10
history.md
|
|
@ -6,15 +6,17 @@ This is a brief summary of history of [technology](technology.md) and [computers
|
|||
|
||||
{ A curious pattern of history is that the civilization -- or maybe rather the dominating superpowers -- are moving to the west, kind of like: middle East -> Greece -> Rome -> Holy Roman Empire -> England/France/Spain -> America. ~drummyfish }
|
||||
|
||||
The earliest known appearance of technology related to humans may likely be the use of **[stone](rock.md) tools** by hominids in Africa some two and a half million years ago -- this is even before the appearance of modern humans, homo sapiens, that emerged roughly 600000 years ago. Learning to start and control **[fire](fire.md)** was another key invention of the earliest men; this probably happened hundreds of thousands to millions years ago, even before modern humans. Around 8000 BC the **[Agricultural Revolution](agricultural_revolution.md)** happened: this was quite a disaster -- as humans domesticated animals and plants, they had to abandon the comfortable life of hunters and gatherers and started to suffer the life of a farmer, full of extremely hard [work](work.md) in the fields (this can be seen e.g. from their bones). This led to the establishment of first cities. Primitive **writing** can be traced to about 7000 BC to China. **[Wheel](wheel.md)** was another crucial piece of technology humans invented, it is not known precisely when or where it appeared, but it might have been some time after 5000 BC -- in Ancient Egypt **The Great Pyramid** was built around 2570 BC still without the knowledge of wheel. Around 4000 BC **history starts with first written records**. Humans learned to smelt and use [metals](metal.md) approximately 3300 BC (**Bronze Age**) and 1200 BC (**Iron Age**). **[Abacus](abacus.md)**, one of the simplest [digital](digital.md) devices aiding with computation, was invented roughly around 2500 BC. However people used primitive computation helping tools, such as bone ribs, probably almost from the time they started trading. Babylonians in around 2000 BC were already able to solve some forms of **[quadratic equations](quadratic_equation.md)**.
|
||||
The earliest known appearance of technology related to humans may likely be the use of **[stone](rock.md) tools** by hominids in Africa some two and a half million years ago -- this is even before the appearance of modern humans, homo sapiens, that emerged roughly 600000 years ago. Learning to start and control **[fire](fire.md)** was another key invention of the earliest men; this probably happened hundreds of thousands to millions years ago, even before modern humans. Around 8000 BC the **[Agricultural Revolution](agricultural_revolution.md)** happened: this was quite a disaster -- as humans domesticated animals and plants, they had to abandon the comfortable life of hunters and gatherers and started to suffer the life of a farmer, full of extremely hard [work](work.md) in the fields (this can be seen e.g. from their bones). This led to the establishment of first cities that would later become city states (as the name says -- something between a city and a state, i.e. greatly independent cities with their own laws etc.). Some of the first such cities were Ur and Uruk in Mesopotamia, since around 5000 BC. Primitive **writing** can be traced to about 7000 BC to China. **[Wheel](wheel.md)** was another crucial piece of technology humans invented, it is not known precisely when or where it appeared, but it might have been some time after 5000 BC -- in Ancient Egypt **The Great Pyramid** was built around 2570 BC still without the knowledge of wheel. Around 4000 BC **history starts with first written records**. Humans learned to smelt and use [metals](metal.md) approximately 3300 BC (**Bronze Age**) and 1200 BC (**Iron Age**). **[Abacus](abacus.md)**, one of the simplest [digital](digital.md) devices aiding with computation, was invented roughly around 2500 BC. However people used primitive computation helping tools, such as bone ribs, probably almost from the time they started trading. Babylonians in around 2000 BC were already able to solve some forms of **[quadratic equations](quadratic_equation.md)**.
|
||||
|
||||
After 600 BC the Ancient Greek [philosophy](philosophy.md) starts to develop which would lead to strengthening of rational, [scientific](science.md) thinking and advancement of [logic](logic.md) and [mathematics](math.md). Around 300 BC Euklid wrote his famous *Elements*, a mathematical work that proves theorems from basic [axioms](axiom.md). Around 400 BC **[camera obscura](camera_obscura.md)** was already described in a written text from China where **[gears](gear.md)** also seem to have been invented soon after. Ancient Greeks could communicate over great distances using **Phryctoria**, chains of fire towers placed on mountains that forwarded messages to one another using light. 234 BC Archimedes described the famous [Archimedes screw](archimedes_screw.md) and created an **[algorithm](algorithm.md) for computing the number [pi](pi.md)**. In 2nd century BC the **Antikythera mechanism, the first known [analog](analog.md) computer** is made to predict movement of heavenly bodies. Romans are known to have been great builders, they built many roads and such structures as the Pantheon (126 AD) and aqueducts with the use of their own type of **concrete** and advanced understanding of physics.
|
||||
In Greek many city states, such as Athens, Delphi and Sparta formed -- Ancient Greek culture would be seen as the golden age of civilization that would lay foundations to everything we now take for granted; Greeks to some extent advanced technology (e.g. architecture) but especially cultivated [art](art.md), philosophy and [politics](politics.md) -- Athens are credited for inventing [democracy](democracy.md) (though an "early" version, they still had slaves and many classes of citizens without voting power). In 8th century BC Homer created the epic poems Iliad and Odyssey. In 6th century BC Pythagoras describes the [Pythagorean theorem](pythagorean_theorem.md). After 600 BC the Greek [philosophy](philosophy.md) starts to develop which would lead to strengthening of rational, [scientific](science.md) thinking and advancement of [logic](logic.md) and [mathematics](math.md). Some of the most famous Greek philosophers were [Socrates](socrates.md), [Plato](plato.md), [Aristotle](aristotle.md) and [Diogenes](diogenes.md). Around 400 BC **[camera obscura](camera_obscura.md)** was already described in a written text from China where **[gears](gear.md)** also seem to have been invented soon after. Around 300 BC Euklid wrote his famous *Elements*, a mathematical work that proves theorems from basic [axioms](axiom.md). Ancient Greeks could communicate over great distances using **Phryctoria**, chains of fire towers placed on mountains that forwarded messages to one another using light. 234 BC Archimedes described the famous [Archimedes screw](archimedes_screw.md) and created an **[algorithm](algorithm.md) for computing the number [pi](pi.md)**. In 2nd century BC the **Antikythera mechanism, the first known [analog](analog.md) [computer](computer.md)** is made to predict movement of heavenly bodies. Romans are known to have been great builders, they built many roads and such structures as the Pantheon (126 AD) and aqueducts with the use of their own type of **concrete** and advanced understanding of physics.
|
||||
|
||||
44 BC Julius Caesar, most famous leader of Ancient Rome, is killed. Rome has to be mentioned as at its time it was the biggest world superpower -- though it was a greatly corrupt, imperialist empire heavily based on work of slaves, Rome advanced technology in many ways, e.g. by inventing concrete, building roads and very long lasting aqueducts. They build monuments that would last for thousands of years, e.g. the famous Colosseum.
|
||||
|
||||
Around 50 AD Heron of Alexandria, an Egyptian mathematician, created a number of highly sophisticated inventions such as a **vending machine** that accepted coins and gave out holy water, and a cart that could be "programmed" with strings to drive on its own.
|
||||
|
||||
In the 3rd century Chinese mathematician Liu Hui describes operations with **negative numbers**, even though negative numbers have already appeared before. In 600s AD an Indian astronomer Brahmagupta first used the number **[zero](zero.md)** in a systematic way, even though hints on the number zero without deeper understanding of it appeared much earlier. In 9th century the Mayan empire is [collapsing](collapse.md), though it would somewhat recover and reshape.
|
||||
|
||||
Year 476 is set to mark the fall of Roman empire and by this the end of Antiquity and **start of Middle Ages**, a time during which technological [progress](progress.md) and [art](art.md) is seen to stagnate a bit. Rome had been [collapsing](collapse.md) slowly but in its downfall it greatly resembled our [current western society](21st_century.md), it became split, people got spoiled, lost sense of morality, women started to demand [more power](feminism.md) and so on -- Roman empire was basically like the ancient times [US](usa.md) (with a similar relationship to Greece as US has to the older, wiser Europe) with highly [capitalist](capitalism.md) practices ([free trade](free_trade.md), ads, banks, insurance, even industries that achieved quite high mass production, ...), imperialism, [military](military.md) obsession, fascism, constant political fights, pragmatic thinking (e.g. rhetoric, the art of manipulation, was greatly preferred over excellence at [art](art.md)), mass entertainment and huge competitiveness -- this all led to its demise.
|
||||
Year 476 is set to mark the fall (political split) of Roman empire and by this the end of Antiquity and **start of Middle Ages**, a time during which technological [progress](progress.md) and [art](art.md) is seen to stagnate a bit. Rome had been [collapsing](collapse.md) slowly but in its downfall it greatly resembled our [current western society](21st_century.md), it became split, people got spoiled, lost sense of morality, women started to demand [more power](feminism.md) and so on -- Roman empire was basically like the ancient times [US](usa.md) (with a similar relationship to Greece as US has to the older, wiser Europe) with highly [capitalist](capitalism.md) practices ([free trade](free_trade.md), ads, banks, insurance, even industries that achieved quite high mass production, ...), imperialism, [military](military.md) obsession, fascism, constant political fights, pragmatic thinking (e.g. rhetoric, the art of manipulation, was greatly preferred over excellence at [art](art.md)), mass entertainment and huge competitiveness -- this all led to its demise.
|
||||
|
||||
In 1429 Persian mathematician al-Kashi computed [pi](pi.md) to about 14 digit accuracy which was a great leap in this discipline.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ In 1792 Clause Chappe invented **[optical telegraph](optical_telegraph.md)**, al
|
|||
|
||||
By 1800 Alessandro Volta invented an **electric battery**. In 1827 André-Marie Ampère publishes a further work shedding light on [electromagnetism](electromagneticm.md). After this **[electric telegraph](telegraph.md)** would be worked on and improved by several people and eventually made to work in practice. In 1821 Michael Faraday invented the **[electromotor](electromotor.md)**. Georg Ohm and especially [James Maxwell](maxwell.md) would subsequently push the knowledge of electricity even further.
|
||||
|
||||
In 1822 [Charles Babbage](charles_babbage.md), a great English mathematician, completed the first version of a manually powered **[digital](digital.md) mechanical computer** called the Difference Engine to help with the computation of [polynomial](polynomial.md) [derivatives](derivative.md) to create mathematical tables used e.g. in navigation. It was met with success and further development was funded by the government, however difficulties of the construction led to never finishing the whole project. In 1837 Babbage designed a new machine, this time a **[Turing complete](turing_complete.md) general purpose computer**, i.e. allowing for programming with branches and loops, a true marvel of technology. It also ended up not being built completely, but it showed a lot about what computers would be, e.g. it had an [assembly](assembly.md)-like programming language, memory etc. For this computer [Ada Lovelace](ada_lovelace.md) would famously write the Bernoulli number algorithm.
|
||||
In 1822 [Charles Babbage](charles_babbage.md), a great English mathematician, completed the first version of a manually powered **[digital](digital.md) [mechanical](mechanical.md) [computer](computer.md)** called the Difference Engine to help with the computation of [polynomial](polynomial.md) [derivatives](derivative.md) to create mathematical tables used e.g. in navigation. It was met with success and further development was funded by the government, however difficulties of the construction led to never finishing the whole project. In 1837 Babbage designed a new machine, this time a **[Turing complete](turing_complete.md) general purpose computer**, i.e. allowing for programming with branches and loops, a true marvel of technology. It also ended up not being built completely, but it showed a lot about what computers would be, e.g. it had an [assembly](assembly.md)-like programming language, memory etc. For this computer [Ada Lovelace](ada_lovelace.md) would famously write the Bernoulli number algorithm.
|
||||
|
||||
In 1826 or 1827 French inventor Nicéphore Niépce captured **first [photography](photo.md)** that survived until today -- a view from his estate named Le Gras. About an 8 hour exposure was used (some say it may have taken several days). He used a [camera obscura](camera_obscura.md) and asphalt plate that hardened where the light was shining. Earlier cases of photography existed maybe as early as 1717, but they were only short lived.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ Internet overtook the world thanks to having enabled great number of services to
|
|||
- **[intranet](intranet.md), [LAN](lan.md), [WAN](wan.md), ...**: Networks using basically the same technology as the Internet ([TCP](tcp.md)/[IP](ip.md), [ethernet](ethernet.md), [wifi](wifi.md), routers, ...), just on smaller scales -- the technology can actually be simpler: simpler routers can be used, no high performance backbone routers are needed, [Ronja](ronja.md) may be used instead of wifi, [DNS](dns.md) may be omitted and so on. There are many such networks, [military](military.md) has its own isolated networks, North Korea has its famous nation-wide isolated intranet ([Kwangmyong](kwangmyong.md)), Cuba has the famous [SNet](snet.md) -- "street net" that's used for pirating and games -- and so on. In Spain there is the famous [Guifi](guifi.md) network (with as of now nearly 40 thousand nodes) working in decentralized manner just on top of many interconnected wifi devices. The advantage is relative simplicity of implementation -- the technology is all there and quite cheap, you can set up your own network in the neighborhood and have complete control over it, government isn't gonna bully you for sharing movies, it won't spy on your communication (at least not so easily) etc.
|
||||
- **[radio](radio.md), [telegraph](telegraph.md)**: Plain FM/AM radio communication is a serious competition to Internet in terms of delay, bandwidth and distance of reach, while being very simple in comparison -- a skilled individual can construct or repair a radio with just some basic electronic components, which can't be said about digital computer networks that require extremely complex computer chips. Radio can relatively easily transfer analog information such as voice, but it can also send digital information. With [Morse code](morse_code.md) even the most primitive radio communication system can turn into something extremely powerful.
|
||||
- **[broadcast](broadcast.md) and alternative network topologies** (see also [world broadcast](world_broadcast.md)): broadcasts (one way communication towards many) can be implemented in many ways: with radio, audio, optically and so on. Broadcast only networks, such as [teletext](teletext.md), [TV](tv.md) or radio station broadcast, can be much simpler than a two way communication -- there don't have to be such complex protocols, there are no handshakes, devices can work on low power (as they're only receivers) and the broadcaster can't be overloaded by client requests. These can cover a great range of services such as news, weather forecast, time synchronization, geolocalization, work organization ("now we need you to produce this and this"), some forms of entertainment or providing generally useful data such as maps and books. If we do go for two way communication anyway, we should at least consider simpler network topologies -- with Internet we tend to think in mesh networks, i.e. "everyone connected to everyone", but that may be too complex to implement with other kinds of networks, it may be better to consider something like a ring network.
|
||||
- **optical telegraph, smoke signals, lanterns, flag semaphores, kites, flares, mirrors and other optical communication**: Optical communication is another technique widely used throughout history -- the advantage here is speed as obviously [light](light.md) is the fastest medium you can ever use. Lighting bonfires on hill tops could send a message about incoming enemy at great distances, later on even a more complex information could be sent using optical telegraph -- a chain of towers that forwarded symbols one to another by positioning big arms on their rooftops to form some specific shape, with the next tower copying the symbol and so on. You can leave big symbols in your window to send a few bytes to anyone with a telescope in the line of sight of your house. Basically if you can make someone see something, you can send a message; you can increase the amount of data by utilizing [color](color.md), movement, blinking and so on. Also remember that [optical fiber](optical_fiber.md) doesn't need a computer to work, it could probably be operated even manually provided we have some kind of [laser](laser.md).
|
||||
- **optical telegraph, smoke signals, lanterns, flag semaphores, kites, flares, mirrors and other optical communication**: Optical communication is another technique widely used throughout history -- the advantage here is speed as obviously [light](light.md) is the fastest medium you can ever use. Lighting bonfires on hill tops could send a message about incoming enemy at great distances, ancient Greeks could even send more complex messages this way (see Phryctoria), later on even a more complex information could be sent using optical telegraph -- a chain of towers that forwarded symbols one to another by positioning big arms on their rooftops to form some specific shape, with the next tower copying the symbol and so on. You can leave big symbols in your window to send a few bytes to anyone with a telescope in the line of sight of your house. Basically if you can make someone see something, you can send a message; you can increase the amount of data by utilizing [color](color.md), movement, blinking and so on. Also remember that [optical fiber](optical_fiber.md) doesn't need a computer to work, it could probably be operated even manually provided we have some kind of [laser](laser.md).
|
||||
- **[audio](audio.md) signals (bells, canon shots, drums, horns, megaphones, ...)**: Audio signal were again used a lot in history, a church bell could tell people many different things by how it was rang, canon shots could warn of incoming enemies and so on, voice can be used too. Drums are still widely used this way in Africa. The principle of string telephone can be considered to make some audio based networks.
|
||||
- **[pneumatic tube](pneumatic_tube.md)** and similar non-electric networks: A network of tubes using pressured air to transform small capsule containers from one place to another pretty fast, often used in factories -- this can carry written messages but also, unlike the Internet, physical objects! Other mechanism could be explored to construct similar networks, e.g. something based on hydraulics, string pulling, steam engines, gears, simple gravity (sending a marble down some tunnel could be a quite fast message) and so on.
|
||||
- **phone networks, [phreaking](phreaking.md), power line communication etc.**: phone networks (and possibly other networks like the electric network, TV network etc.) can be used for all kinds of communication, with [modems](modem.md) they can interconnect digital computers (which was widely used before Internet became widespread, see e.g. [BBS](bbs.md) networks); these networks can also be [hacked](hacking.md) to be used for free or cheap communication -- old time hackers knew how to rape phone boots to let them make free calls (see [phreaking](phreaking.md)). Networks primarily used for carrying power can also carry information alongside power (see [power line communication](plc.md)). Nowadays more anti hacking measures are in place but you may still e.g. exploit the fact that merely ringing someone's phone is completely free, which can be used to send a few [bits](bit.md) of information. WARNING: It's generally illegal to mess with these networks in unintended ways, trying this shit's always on you :-) Also touching random electric cables can kill you. If you by accident take down some optical cable or something, you'll be fined to death.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
2
ioccc.md
2
ioccc.md
|
|
@ -33,4 +33,6 @@ And let us also mention a few winning entries:
|
|||
|
||||
## See Also
|
||||
|
||||
- [NaNoGenMo](nanogenmo.md)
|
||||
- [SIGBOVIK](sigbovik.md)
|
||||
- C [compiler bombs](compiler_bomb.md)
|
||||
5
jokes.md
5
jokes.md
|
|
@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Also remember the worst thing you can do to a joke is put a [disclaimer](disclai
|
|||
- When is [Micro$oft](microsoft.md) finally gonna make a product that doesn't suck???! Probably when they start manufacturing vacuum cleaners.
|
||||
- Can [free software](free_software.md) lead to insanity? I don't know, but it can make you [GNU](gnu.md)ts.
|
||||
- Political activists walk into a bar. [Pseudoleftist](pseudoleft) tells his friends: "hey guys, how about we have oppressive rulers and call them a [government](government.md)?" Capitalist says: "well no, let's have oppressive rulers and call them [corporations](corporation.md)". [Liberal](liberal.md) replies: "Why not both?". Monarchist goes: "no, it's all wrong, let's have oppressive rulers and call them Kings." To this pseudo communist says: "that's just shit, let's have oppressive rulers and call them the [proletariat](proletariat.md)". Then [anarcho pacifist](anpac.md) turns to them and says: "Hmmm, how about we don't have any oppressive rulers?". They lynch him.
|
||||
- There are a lot of jokes at https://jcdverha.home.xs4all.nl/scijokes/. Also http://textfiles.com/humor/JOKES/, http://textfiles.com/humor/TAGLINES/quotes-1.txt and so on.
|
||||
- There are a lot of jokes at https://jcdverha.home.xs4all.nl/scijokes/. Also http://textfiles.com/humor/JOKES/, http://textfiles.com/humor/TAGLINES/quotes-1.txt and so on. Also on [wikiwikiweb](wikiwikiweb.md) under *CategoryJoke*, *ProgrammerLightBulbJokes* etc.
|
||||
- Hello, is this anonymous [pedophile](pedophilia.md) help hotline? Yes. My 8yo daughter begs for sex, can we do penetration right away or should we start with anal?
|
||||
- What do you call a [woman](woman.md) that made a computer explode just by typing on it? Normal.
|
||||
- Does the invisible hand exist in the [free market](free_market.md)? Maybe, but if so then all it's doing is masturbating (or giving us a middle finger).
|
||||
|
|
@ -43,8 +43,10 @@ Also remember the worst thing you can do to a joke is put a [disclaimer](disclai
|
|||
- [green](greenwashing.md) [capitalism](capitalism.md) :'D my sides
|
||||
- Difference between a beginner and pro programmer? Pro programmer fails in a much more sophisticated manner.
|
||||
- What is a [computer](computer.md)? A device that can make a hundred million very precise mistakes per second.
|
||||
- How many [Python](python.md) programmers do you need to change a lightbulb? Only one -- he holds the bulb while the world revolves around him.
|
||||
- After all it may not take so long to establish our [utopia](less_retarded_society.md). By the time [Windows](windows.md) has updated we will have already done it ten times over.
|
||||
- One of the great milestones yet left to be achieved by science is to find intelligent life in our Solar System.
|
||||
- An evil capitalist, good capitalist and [female](woman.md) genius walk in the park. A bee stings one of them. Who did it sting? The evil capitalists, the other two don't exist.
|
||||
- Cool statistics: 9 out of 10 people enjoy a gang [rape](rape.md).
|
||||
- Basement hackers never die, they just smell that way. Musicians never die, they just decompose (and musicians working part time are [semiconductors](semicoductor.md)).
|
||||
- `int randomInt(void) { int x; return x; }`
|
||||
|
|
@ -54,6 +56,7 @@ Also remember the worst thing you can do to a joke is put a [disclaimer](disclai
|
|||
- Our new [app](app.md) partly adopts the [KISS](kiss.md) philosophy, specifically the "stupid" part.
|
||||
- I just had sex with a German chick, for some reason she kept yelling her age. (Or maybe she just didn't consent.)
|
||||
- I find it much more pleasant to browse the web on a 1 bit display, it can't display a [rainbow](lgbt.md).
|
||||
- What's long ans sticky? A stick.
|
||||
- The term *military intelligence* is an oxymoron. The term *criminal lawyer* is a redundancy.
|
||||
- Why are [noobs](noob.md) the most pacifist beings in existence? Because they never beat anyone.
|
||||
- What does short circuited [capacitor](capacitor.md) and [gratis software](freeware.md) have in common? They are free of charge.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -30,4 +30,5 @@ Considering all things mentioned above, here are some concrete things of making
|
|||
- **selling services**: Like with merchandise, selling services is normally not considered unethical and so we can do it. The services can e.g. be running a server with [LRS](lrs.md) software with paid accounts or offering maintenance/configuration of someone else's servers. This supports the development of the software in question and helps you get paid.
|
||||
- **selling on proprietary sites** (CONTROVERSIAL): This may not be acceptable by everyone, but it can be possible to create a free work and then distribute it under [free](free_software.md) conditions in some places and simultaneously sell this item in places distributing [proprietary](proprietary.md) assets. E.g. one may create a 3D model and put it under a free license on [opengameart](oga.md) while also selling it in 3D models stores like TurboSquid -- this will make the model available for everyone as free but will make people who don't bother to search the free sites pay for it. This may potentially bring much more money than the other methods as the proprietary stores have big traffic and people there are specifically willing to spend money. However, this supports the [intellectual property](intellectual_property.md) business. **Important note**: read the terms&condition of the proprietary site, it may for example be illegal for you to share your assets elsewhere if the proprietary site makes you *sign* an exclusive deal for them. {I am actually guilty of this, been selling some small 3D models on TurboSquid. It provides a kind of stable mini-income of about $3/month. ~drummyfish}
|
||||
- **[non-profit](non_profit.md)**: It is possible to run a non-profit organization that creates [software](software.md) (or hardware or whatever) for public benefit -- details differ by each country but a non-profit may receive funding from the state and be exempted from taxes. Check out [EU](eu.md) grants etc. This method may however require a lot of effort (as running an organization is much more difficult than setting a donation website) and may potentially be limiting in some ways (governments may have condition for the funding etc.).
|
||||
- **abuse state and your employer**: You may at least temporarily avoid [work](work.md) by e.g. registering as unemployed and living on welfare (possibly combined with your saved money), getting some kind of disability pension (pretend you're autist or something) or by getting employed somewhere and becoming "sick" (give something to your doctor so he gives you a sick paper -- if you're a [woman](woman.md) you may for example suck his dick). Do this every few months.
|
||||
- **abuse state and your employer**: You may at least temporarily avoid [work](work.md) by e.g. registering as unemployed and living on welfare (possibly combined with your saved money), getting some kind of disability pension (pretend you're autist or something) or by getting employed somewhere and becoming "sick" (give something to your doctor so he gives you a sick paper -- if you're a [woman](woman.md) you may for example suck his dick). Do this every few months.
|
||||
- ...
|
||||
3
lrs.md
3
lrs.md
|
|
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ The definition here is not strict but rather [fuzzy](fuzzy.md), it is in a form
|
|||
- Being **[free culture](free_culture.md)**, i.e. LRS programs are free as a whole, including art assets, data etc.
|
||||
- **Minimizing [dependencies](dependency.md)**, even those such as standard library or relying on OS concepts such as files or threads, even indirect ones such as build systems and even non-software ones (e.g. avoiding [floating point](float.md), GPU, 64bit etc.).
|
||||
- Very **[portable](portability.md)**, hardware non-discriminating, i.e. being written in a portable language, minimizing resource usage (RAM, CPU, ...) and so on.
|
||||
- Being written in a **good, [suckless](suckless.md) programming language** -- which languages are acceptable is debatable, but some of them most likely include [C](c.md) (C89 or C99), [comun](comun.md), [Forth](forth.md), [Lisp](lisp.md), maybe even [Brainfuck](brainfuck.md), [Lua](lua.md), [Smalltalk](smalltalk.md), [Pascal](pascal.md) etc. On the other hand bloated languages like [Python](python.md), [JavaScript](js.md) or [Rust](rust.md) are absolutely unacceptable.
|
||||
- Being written in a **good, [suckless](suckless.md) programming language** -- which languages are acceptable is debatable, but some of them most likely include [C](c.md) (C89 or C99), [comun](comun.md), [Forth](forth.md), [Lisp](lisp.md), maybe even [Brainfuck](brainfuck.md), [False](false.md), [Lua](lua.md), [Smalltalk](smalltalk.md), [Pascal](pascal.md) etc. On the other hand bloated languages like [Python](python.md), [JavaScript](js.md) or [Rust](rust.md) are absolutely unacceptable.
|
||||
- **[Future-proof](future_proof.md)**, **[self-contained](self_contained.md)** (just compile and run, no unnecessary config files, daemons, database services, ...), [finished](finished.md) as much as possible, not controlled by anyone (should follow from other points). This may even include attributes such as physical durability and design that maximizes the devices life.
|
||||
- **[Hacking](hacking.md) friendly**, repairable and inviting to improvements and customization, highly adhering to [hacker culture](hacking.md).
|
||||
- Built on top of other LRS or LRS-friendly technology such as the [C99](c.md) language, comun, Unix, our own libraries etc.
|
||||
|
|
@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ Apart from this software a lot of other software developed by other people and g
|
|||
- **[surf](surf.md)**: Official [suckless](suckless.md) [web browser](browser.md).
|
||||
- **[tcc](tcc.md)**: Small [C](c.md) [compiler](compiler.md) (alternative to [gcc](gcc.md)).
|
||||
- **[musl](musl.md)**: Tiny [C](c.md) standard library (alternative to [glibc](glibc.md)).
|
||||
- **[FALSE](false.md)**: Extremely small programming language.
|
||||
- **[vim](vim.md)** (kind of): [TUI](tui.md) text/[programming](programming.md) [editor](editor.md). Vim is actually relatively big but there are smaller builds, flavors and alternatives.
|
||||
- **[Simon Tatham's portable puzzle collection](stppc.md)**: Very portable collection of puzzle [games](game.md).
|
||||
- ...
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
1
main.md
1
main.md
|
|
@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ Are you a noob but see our ideas as appealing and would like to join us? Say no
|
|||
- In 3rd world [pigeons carrying SD cards](ip_over_pigeon.md) are still much faster and reliable way of transferring data than [internet service providers](isp.md)? This also avoids [censorship](censorship.md).
|
||||
- That [compiler bomb](compiler_bomb.md) is a very short source code that makes the language compiler produce gigantic executable?
|
||||
- That there is a light bulb in California that has been turned on since 1901 and as of writing this is still working? This shows that [old](old.md) things are better than those manufactured under more advanced [capitalism](capitalism.md) which pushes for more [consumerism](consumerism.md) and applies [artificial obsolescence](artificial_obscolescence.md). Many sowing machines made mode than 100 years ago still function perfectly fine as well as many other types of machines; anything created nowadays shouldn't be expected to last longer than 3 years.
|
||||
- That there exist [numbers](number.md) that are not [computable](computability.md) or are otherwise [unknowable](knowability.md)? See e.g. Chaitin's constant.
|
||||
- That throughout [history](history.md) one of the most common patterns is appearance of new lucrative technology or trend which is labeled safe by [science](soyence.md), then officially recommended, promoted, adopted by the industry and heavily utilized for many years to decades before being found harmful, which is almost always greatly delayed by the industry trying to hide this fact? This was the case e.g. with [asbestos](asbestos.md), [freons](freon.md) (responsible for ozone layer depletion), [x rays](x_ray.md), radioactive paint (see *radium girls*), some food preservatives, [plastics](plastic.md), smoking and great many prescription drugs among which used to be even cocaine. Yet when you question safety of a new lucrative invention, such as [5G](5g.md), antidepressants or some quickly developed [vaccines](vax.md), you are labeled insane.
|
||||
|
||||
## Topics
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Up until recently in history every engineer would tell you that *the better mach
|
|||
- [100rabbits](100rabbit.md) (beware of [SJW](sjw.md) poison)
|
||||
- [small Internet](small_internet.md), web 1.0, web 0.5, [gopher](gopher.md), [gemini](gemini.md) (watch out: gemini is SJW pseudominimalist bloatcryption poison), ...
|
||||
- [primitivism](primitivism.md)/[anarcho primitivism](anprim.md), [low tech](low_tech.md), ...
|
||||
- for potential weaker links to minimalism also check out [retro](retro.md)/[old](old.md)/[boomer](boomer.md) tech, [salvage computing](salvage_computing.md), [degrowth](degrowth.md), [Amish](amish.md), [technophobia](technophobia.md), [lightweight](lightweight.md) software, [fantasy consoles](fantasy_console.md) (sadly mostly pseudominimalism), communities around [plain text](plain_text.md), [pubnixes](pubnix.md), some GNU/Linux distros (e.g. [Arch](arch.md), [Gentoo](gentoo.md), KISS Linux, ...), [IRC](irc.md) communities and so on.
|
||||
- for potential weaker links to minimalism also check out [retro](retro.md)/[old](old.md)/[boomer](boomer.md) tech, [salvage computing](salvage_computing.md), [degrowth](degrowth.md), [Amish](amish.md), [technophobia](technophobia.md), [demoscene](demoscene.md), [code golf](golf.md), [lightweight](lightweight.md) software, [fantasy consoles](fantasy_console.md) (sadly mostly pseudominimalism), communities around [plain text](plain_text.md), [pubnixes](pubnix.md), some GNU/Linux distros (e.g. [Arch](arch.md), [Gentoo](gentoo.md), KISS Linux, ...), [IRC](irc.md) communities and so on.
|
||||
- ...
|
||||
|
||||
Under [capitalism](capitalism.md) technological minimalism is suppressed in the mainstream as it goes against [corporate](corporation.md) interests, i.e. those of having monopoly control over technology, even if such technology is "[FOSS](foss.md)" (which then becomes just a cool brand, see [openwashing](openwashing.md)). We may, at best, encounter a "shallow" kind of minimalism, so called [pseudominimalism](pseudominimalism.md) which only tries to make things appear minimal, e.g. aesthetically, and hides ugly overcomplicated internals under the facade. [Apple](apple.md) is infamous for this [shit](shit.md).
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
12
nanogenmo.md
Normal file
12
nanogenmo.md
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
|
|||
# NaNoGenMo
|
||||
|
||||
NaNoGenMo (national novel generation month) is a [fun](fun.md) yearly event, running since 2013, in which people make [computer](computer.md) generated novels during the month November. It was inspired by NaNoWriMo (a similar event but for normal, human creative writing) and launched by Darius Kazemi on [Twitter](twitter.md). It is similar e.g. to the [international obfuscated C code contest](ioccc.md) with one difference being that NaNoGenMo is not a contest, it's just a fun activity people do and see what comes out of it. Because of this rules are also very relaxed, something along the lines of "submit a text of around 50000 words that doesn't violate [copyright](copyright.md) along with the code that generated it" (so there appear borderline submissions like non plain text pdfs and so on). At the beginning the text generating programs weren't usually anything too sophisticated, they were mostly things like 100 lines of [Python](python.md) that throw around random sentences, maybe use some [Markov chain](markov_chain.md), maybe some [regex](regex.md) substitution on an already existing book -- most of the entries seemed to be just that. A simple but effective approach that's been used is to simulate some world with actors in it and just let it be documented what they're doing. By 2019 however an increased abuse of language models and other [bloat](bloat.md) started to be noticed, so a kind of [fork](fork.md) event was spawned, called Nano-NaNoGenMo, in which at most 256 character programs are allowed. The sad thing is that NaNoGenMo uses [GitHub](github.md) issues for posting the texts by which they support [terrorists](microsoft.md). Also a lot of participants are huge noobs who share their works using Dropbox and Google documents and similar [shit](shit.md) so they're literally unreachable for most smart people. They also don't require any license, many of the works are [proprietary](proprietary.md). And there doesn't seem to be any nice repository of the entries either, you have to dig them up in the issues or look them up on bloated woke blog posts that attempt to summarize them. There exist similar events for poetry (NaPoGenMo), opera (NaOpGenMo) and movies (NaMoGenMo). The idea of NaNoGenMo is excellent, the execution an uttermost fail.
|
||||
|
||||
Some of the generated books were quite popular (though maybe mostly for the nature of having been generated by computers) -- for example the *World Clock*, a Python generated work that just gives random snapshots of people's lives around the world, was even printed and sold. One entry is just a program going through all directories on the harddrive and commenting on them like "wow, there's a lot of files here" and so on. *The Swallows of Summer* had some success depite being just an endless exchange of talk and interactions between Alice and Bob. Some other entries seem to be [interesting](interesting.md), there are e.g. various modifications of the *Moby Dick* or the *Bible* (conveniently well known long works completely in the [public domain](public_domain.md)) -- it's enough to just replace some keywords to get something quite entertaining. [Wikipedia](wikipedia.md) and Project Gutenberg are commonly used as sources of text. One novel just describes someone writing down the digits of [pi](pi.md). Around 2020 many started to use [neural network](neural_network.md) language models, e.g. *A Young "Person"'s Encyclopedia* is a fictional [encyclopedia](encyclopedia.md) made with GPT-3. There is one book in which a model trained on first sentences of famous books just suggests a huge list of new sentences with which one can potentially start a novel.
|
||||
|
||||
## See Also
|
||||
|
||||
- [ioccc](ioccc.md)
|
||||
- [SIGBOVIK](sigbovik.md)
|
||||
- [procedural generaion](progen.md)
|
||||
- [esoteric programming languages](esolang.md)
|
||||
|
|
@ -127,6 +127,8 @@ Here patterns start to show, for example the level one of the tree are all prime
|
|||
There are different types of numbers, in mathematics we classify them into [sets](set.md) (if we further also consider the operations we can perform with numbers we also sort them into algebras and structures like [groups](group.md), [fields](field.md) or [rings](ring.md)). Though we can talk about finite sets of numbers perfectly well (e.g. [modulo](mod.md) arithmetic, [Boolean algebra](boolean_algebra.md) etc.), we are firstly considering [infinite](infinity.md) sets (curiously some of these infinite sets can still be considered "bigger" than other infinite sets, e.g. by certain logic there is more real numbers than rational numbers, i.e. "fractions"). Some of these sets are subsets of others, some overlap and so forth. Here are some notable number sets (note that a list can potentially not capture all relationships between the sets):
|
||||
|
||||
- **all**: Anything conceivable as a number, even by stretch. E.g. [zero](zero.md), minus [infinity](infinity.md) or aleph one.
|
||||
- **[noncomputable](computability.md)**: Cannot be computed, i.e. any such number has no [Turing machine](turing_machine.md) which when passed *N* on input would output *N*th digit of the number in finite time. E.g. Chaitin's constant (probability that a randomly generated program will halt).
|
||||
- **[unknowable](knowability.md)**: Cannot be known for some reason, e.g. being non-computable or requiring more energy for their computation than will ever be present in our [Universe](universe.md).
|
||||
- **[transfinite (infinite) numbers](transfinite_number.md)**: Numbers that are in a sense "infinite", used to compare objects that are infinite in size (e.g. number sets themselves). E.g. omega, beth two or aleph one.
|
||||
- **[surreal numbers](surreal_number.md)**, **\*R: hyperreal numbers**, **superreal numbers**, ...: Various extensions of real numbers, include also infinitesimals and some transfinite numbers.
|
||||
- **[infinitesimals](infinitesimal.md)**: Are closer to zero than any real number without actually being zero, i.e. "infinitely small" numbers, play big role in [calculus](calculus.md). E.g. 0.000...1 (with infinitely many 0 digits before the 1).
|
||||
|
|
@ -163,6 +165,8 @@ Of course there are countless other number sets, especially those induced by var
|
|||
|
||||
There is a famous [encyclopedia](encyclopedia.md) of integer sequences at https://oeis.org/, made by number theorists -- it's quite [minimalist](minimalism.md), now also [free licensed](free_culture.md) (used to be [proprietary](proprietary.md), they seem to enjoy license hopping). At the moment it contains more than 370000 sequences; by browsing it you can get a glimpse of how deep the study of numbers goes. These people are also [funny](fun.md), they give numbers entertaining names like *happy numbers* (adding its squared digits eventually gives 1), *polite numbers*, *friendly numbers*, *cake numbers*, *lucky numbers* or *weird numbers*.
|
||||
|
||||
**Some numbers cannot be computed**, i.e. there exist [noncomputable](computability.md) numbers. This follows from the existence of noncomputable functions (such as that representing the [halting problem](halting_problem.md)). For example let's say we have a real number *x*, written in binary as *0. d0 d1 d2 d3 ...*, where *dn* is *n*th digit (1 or 0) after the radix point. We can define the number so that *dn* is 1 if and only if a [Turing machine](turing_machine.md) represented by number *n* halts. Number *x* is noncomputable because to compute the digits to any arbitrary precision would require being able to solve the unsolvable halting problem.
|
||||
|
||||
**All [natural numbers](natural_number.md) are [interesting](interesting.md)**: there is a [fun](fun.md) [proof](proof.md) by contradiction of this. Suppose there exists a set of uninteresting numbers which is a subset of natural numbers; then the smallest of these numbers is interesting by being the smallest uninteresting number -- we've arrived at contradiction, therefore a set of uninteresting numbers cannot exist.
|
||||
|
||||
TODO: what is the best number? maybe top 10? would 10 be in top 10?
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ There are many terms that are very similar and can many times be used interchang
|
|||
- **[ASCII](ascii.md)** vs **[plain text](plain_text.md)** vs **[Unicode](unicode.md)**
|
||||
- **[ASCII art](ascii_art.md)** vs **[ANSI art](ansi_art.md)** vs **[Unicode](unicode.md) art**
|
||||
- **[assembler](assembler.md)** vs **[assembly](assembly.md)** vs **[machine code](machine_code.md)**
|
||||
- **[attribution](attribution.md)** vs **[credit](credit.md)**
|
||||
- **binary** vs **[executable](executable.md)**
|
||||
- **[binary](binary.md)** vs **[boolean](boolean.md)**
|
||||
- **[black](black.md) [race](race.md)** vs **[nigger](nigger.md)** vs **[negro](negro.md)**
|
||||
|
|
@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ There are many terms that are very similar and can many times be used interchang
|
|||
- **[coherence](coherence.md)** vs **[consistency](consistency.md)**
|
||||
- **[computational model](computational_model.md)** vs **[model of computation](model_of_computation.md)**
|
||||
- **[convolution](convolution.md)** vs **[correlation](correlation.md)**
|
||||
- **[copyright](copyright.md)** vs **[patent](patent.md)** vs **[trademark](trademark.md)** vs **[intellectual property](intellectual_property.md)** etc.
|
||||
- **[copyright](copyright.md)** vs **[patent](patent.md)** vs **[trademark](trademark.md)** vs **[intellectual property](intellectual_property.md)** vs **[moral right](moral_rights.md)** etc.
|
||||
- **[crossplatform/multiplatform](multiplatform.md)** vs **[portable](portability.md)**
|
||||
- **[cryptography](cryptography.md)** vs **[security](security.md)**
|
||||
- **[data](data.md)** vs **[information](information.md)** vs **[entropy](entropy.md)** vs **[signal](signal.md)**
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ The open source definition is maintained by the [Open Source Initiative](osi.md)
|
|||
9. **The license must not restrict other software**, i.e. it cannot for example be forbidden to run the software alongside some other piece of software.
|
||||
10. **The license must be technology neutral**, i.e. it cannot for example limit the software to certain platform or API.
|
||||
|
||||
Open source furthermore greatly fails for example by not accepting [CC0](cc0.md) as a valid license and not accepting [esoteric programming languages](esolang.md) (because they're "obfuscated"). All in all, avoid open source, support [free software](free_software.md).
|
||||
|
||||
## See Also
|
||||
|
||||
- [openwashing](openwashing.md)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -110,6 +110,7 @@ Here is a table of notable programming languages in chronological order (keep in
|
|||
| [Python](python.md) | NO | 1991 | | 200? (p. lang. ref.) | interpreted, huge bloat, slow, lightweight OOP, artificial obsolescence |
|
||||
| POSIX [shell](shell.md) | well, "kind of" | 1992 | | 50, proprietary (paid) | standardized (std 1003.2-1992) Unix shell, commonly e.g. [Bash](bash.md)|
|
||||
|[Brainfuck](brainfuck.md)| **yes** | 1993 | 100 (judg. by dbfi) | 1 | extremely minimal (8 commands), hard to use, [esolang](esolang.md) |
|
||||
| [FALSE](false.md) | **yes** | 1993 | | 1 | very small yet powerful, Forth-like, similar to Brainfuck |
|
||||
| [Lua](lua.md) | **quite yes** | 1993 | 7K (LuaInLua) | 40, free | small, interpreted, mainly for scripting (used a lot in games) |
|
||||
| [Java](java.md) | NO | 1995 | | 800, proprietary | forced [OOP](oop.md), "platform independent" (bytecode), slow, bloat |
|
||||
| [JavaScript](js.md) | NO | 1995 | 50K (est. from QuickJS) | 500, proprietary? | interpreted, the [web](web.md) lang., bloated, classless [OOP](oop.md) |
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
3331
random_page.md
3331
random_page.md
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load diff
|
|
@ -4,4 +4,9 @@ SIGBOVIK ([special interest group](sig.md) on Harry Q. Bovik) is a [computer sci
|
|||
|
||||
A famous contributor to the conference is for instance Tom7, a [PhD](phd.md) who makes absolutely lovely [youtube](youtube.md) videos about his fun research (e.g. this one is excellent https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DpXy041BIlA).
|
||||
|
||||
{ Skimming through the proceedings sadly most of the stuff seems rather silly, though there are a few good papers, usually those by Tom7. Maybe I'm just dumb. ~drummyfish }
|
||||
{ Skimming through the proceedings sadly most of the stuff seems rather silly, though there are a few good papers, usually those by Tom7. Maybe I'm just dumb. ~drummyfish }
|
||||
|
||||
## See Also
|
||||
|
||||
- [ioccc](ioccc.md)
|
||||
- [NaNoGenMo](nanogenmo.md)
|
||||
6
smart.md
6
smart.md
|
|
@ -2,4 +2,8 @@
|
|||
|
||||
*Smart, smells like fart.*
|
||||
|
||||
The adjective "smart", as in e.g. *smartphone*, is in the context of [modern](modern.md) [capitalist technology](capitalist_technology.md) used as a euphemism for malicious features that include [spyware](spyware.md), [bloat](bloat.md), obscurity, [DRM](drm.md), ads, programmed [planned obsolescence](planned_obsolescence.md), unnecessary [dependencies](dependency.md) (such as required Internet connection), anti-repair design and others; it is the opposite of [dumb](dumb.md). "Smart" technology is far inferior to the traditional dumb technology and usually just downright [harmful](harmful.md) to its users and society as a whole, but normal (i.e. retarded) people think it's good because it has a cool name, so they buy and support such technology. They are [slowly boiled](slowly_boiling_the_frog.md) to accept "smart" technology as the standard.
|
||||
The adjective "smart", as in e.g. *smartphone*, is in the context of [modern](modern.md) [capitalist technology](capitalist_technology.md) used as a euphemism for malicious features that include [spyware](spyware.md), [bloat](bloat.md), obscurity, [DRM](drm.md), ads, programmed [planned obsolescence](planned_obsolescence.md), unnecessary [dependencies](dependency.md) (such as required Internet connection), anti-repair design and others; it is the opposite of [dumb](dumb.md). "Smart" technology is far inferior to the traditional dumb technology and usually just downright [harmful](harmful.md) to its users and society as a whole, but normal (i.e. retarded) people think it's good because it has a cool name, so they buy and support such technology. They are [slowly boiled](slowly_boiling_the_frog.md) to accept "smart" technology as the standard.
|
||||
|
||||
## See Also
|
||||
|
||||
- [dumb](dumb.md)
|
||||
|
|
@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ Some pressing questions about thrembo remaining to be researched are following.
|
|||
|
||||
## See Also
|
||||
|
||||
- [noncomputable](computability.md) numbers
|
||||
- [schizophrenic number](schizo_number.md)
|
||||
- [illegal number](illegal_number.md)
|
||||
- [42](42.md)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
File diff suppressed because one or more lines are too long
|
|
@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
|
|||
|
||||
This is an autogenerated article holding stats about this wiki.
|
||||
|
||||
- number of articles: 566
|
||||
- number of commits: 744
|
||||
- total size of all texts in bytes: 3396411
|
||||
- total number of lines of article texts: 26734
|
||||
- number of articles: 565
|
||||
- number of commits: 745
|
||||
- total size of all texts in bytes: 3396303
|
||||
- total number of lines of article texts: 26729
|
||||
- number of script lines: 256
|
||||
|
||||
longest articles:
|
||||
|
|
@ -87,6 +87,22 @@ top 50 5+ letter words:
|
|||
latest changes:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Date: Wed Mar 20 20:23:58 2024 +0100
|
||||
fascism.md
|
||||
interesting.md
|
||||
jesus.md
|
||||
lrs.md
|
||||
number.md
|
||||
people.md
|
||||
political_correctness.md
|
||||
random_page.md
|
||||
trollplay.md
|
||||
usa.md
|
||||
wiki_authors.md
|
||||
wiki_pages.md
|
||||
wiki_rights.md
|
||||
wiki_stats.md
|
||||
woman.md
|
||||
Date: Tue Mar 19 19:51:41 2024 +0100
|
||||
capitalism.md
|
||||
history.md
|
||||
|
|
@ -97,26 +113,6 @@ Date: Tue Mar 19 19:51:41 2024 +0100
|
|||
wiki_pages.md
|
||||
wiki_stats.md
|
||||
Date: Tue Mar 19 16:01:03 2024 +0100
|
||||
altruism.md
|
||||
cancer.md
|
||||
corporation.md
|
||||
data_structure.md
|
||||
drummyfish.md
|
||||
faq.md
|
||||
fixed_point.md
|
||||
free_software.md
|
||||
hacking.md
|
||||
intellectual_property.md
|
||||
island.md
|
||||
javascript.md
|
||||
liberalism.md
|
||||
libertarianism.md
|
||||
lrs_wiki.md
|
||||
marketing.md
|
||||
marxism.md
|
||||
nigger.md
|
||||
no_knowledge_proof.md
|
||||
number.md
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
most wanted pages:
|
||||
|
|
@ -175,7 +171,7 @@ most popular and lonely pages:
|
|||
- [float](float.md) (62)
|
||||
- [open_source](open_source.md) (61)
|
||||
- ...
|
||||
- [trollplay](trollplay.md) (4)
|
||||
- [trump](trump.md) (4)
|
||||
- [tom_scott](tom_scott.md) (4)
|
||||
- [speech_synthesis](speech_synthesis.md) (4)
|
||||
- [see_through_clothes](see_through_clothes.md) (4)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue