Update

3d_model.md

@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ So finally let's recount some of the advice:
 
 - Create good topology! This helps many things, for example nice deformation during animation, nice automatic subdivision, adding loops and so on. It's good if the whole model consists only of quads (four sided polygons). They must be well distributed: use more quads where the shape is complex, use fewer quads on flat parts. Do not create degenerated polygons (e.g. extremely long, very sharp triangles etc.). For this first create the shape (e.g. by sculpting or with boolean operations with basic shapes or whatever), then do retopo. Noobs often just sculp something and than use that as the final model: NEVER DO SUCH FUCKING ATROCITIES.
 - Minimize the number of triangles (and vertices etc.)! Every single triangle/polygon has to be well justified: if a triangle isn't necessary to achieve something (for example NOTICEABLE, IMPORTANT change in shape), it shouldn't be there at all. If some triangles won't be seen at all (e.g. bottom of a house model), just remove them.
-- Remember to correctly compute normals etc., use normals and things like smoothing groups/sharp edges to achieve sharpness vs smoothness. It is unbelievable but some noobs don't know about this at all and try to make sharp corners by inserting one billion triangles on the edge. NEVER FUCKING DO THAT.
+- Remember to correctly compute normals etc., use normals and things like smoothing groups/sharp edges to achieve sharpness vs smoothness. It's staggering how many people don't know this exists and happily make sharp corners by inserting one trillion triangles on the edge. NEVER FUCKING DO THAT.
 - If triangles don't have to intersect, they shouldn't. Remember, not all 3D engines have z-buffers -- these won't render your model correctly, and even those that have z-buffer may suffer from artifacts, they will have overdraw etc., intersections are just not nice.
 - The whole geometry has to be balanced, you probably cannot have a characters face modelled with 5 triangles while spending 100 triangles on fingers. Again, noobs manage to create these abominations with sculpting tools and so on.
 - Know the model's purpose and optimize it for that purpose. For example when making some background prop for a game, make it super simple, don't create details. Sometimes you may want to have enclosed model, sometimes you want a model will be friendly to very weak hardware etcetc. Just use your brain.

bloat.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Bloat
 
-Bloat is a very wide term that in the context of [software](software.md) and [technology](tech.md) means overcomplication, unnecessary complexity and/or extreme growth in terms of source code size, overall complexity, number of [dependencies](dependency.md), [redundancy](redundancy.md), unnecessary and/or useless features (e.g. [feature creep](feature_creep.md)) and resource usage, all of which lead to inefficient, badly designed technology with [bugs](bug.md) (crashes, unusable features, memory leaks, [security](security.md) vulnerabilities, ...), as well as great [obscurity](obscurity.md), ugliness, **loss of [freedom](free_software.md)** and waste of human effort. In simpler words: bloat is burdening [bullshit](bullshit.md) so to speak. Bloat is extremely bad and one of the greatest technological issues of today. Creating bloat is bad engineering at its worst and unfortunately it is what's absolutely taking over all technology nowadays, mostly due to [capitalism](capitalism.md) causing commercialization, [consumerism](consumerism.md), rushed "[just works](just_werks.md)" products, creating demand for newer hardware and so on, also allowing incompetent people ("let's push more women/minorities into programming") trying to take on jobs they are in no way qualified to do.
+Bloat is a very wide term that in the context of [software](software.md) and [technology](tech.md) means overcomplication, unnecessary complexity and/or extreme growth in terms of source code size, overall complexity, number of [dependencies](dependency.md), [redundancy](redundancy.md), unnecessary and/or useless features (e.g. [feature creep](feature_creep.md)) and resource usage, all of which lead to inefficient, badly designed technology with [bugs](bug.md) (crashes, unusable features, memory leaks, [security](security.md) vulnerabilities, ...), as well as great [obscurity](obscurity.md), ugliness, **loss of [freedom](free_software.md)** and waste of human effort. In simpler words: bloat is burdening [bullshit](bullshit.md) so to speak. Bloat is extremely bad and one of the greatest technological issues of today. Participating in creation of bloat is obnoxious engineering at its worst and, yet, it stains not just 100% of mainstream programs, but also the absolute majority of non-mainstream ones. Bloat is what has completely taken over all technology nowadays, mostly due to [capitalism](capitalism.md) causing commercialization, [consumerism](consumerism.md), rushed "[just works](just_werks.md)" products, creating demand for newer hardware and so on, also allowing incompetent people ("let's push more women/minorities into programming") trying to take on jobs they are in no way qualified to do.
 
 A related but different term is **bloatware**; it's more commonly used among normie users and stands for undesirable programs that eat up computer resources, usually being preinstalled by the computer manufacturer (and often uninstallable) etc. Further on we'll rather focus on bloat as defined before.
 

calculus.md

@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ As already claimed in the section on derivative, integrating is **more difficult
 So due to these complications we now yet have to explain the two different types of integrals:
 
 - **indefinite integral**: This is the FUNCTION we get by performing integration, i.e. result of indefinite integral is a mathematical expression with variables in it. In fact this expression represents an infinite set of functions because it always has the additive constant *C* in it (like hinted above) -- we can kind of ignore this for now. The important gist is this: indefinite integral kind of gives us a general FORMULA that can further be used to compute definite integrals. For example an indefinite integral of function *f(x) = 1* will be *x + C*. In practice the result we are searching is often a definite integral (a single value), but to compute that we have to start by computing the indefinite integral. However it's also very hard to calculate indefinite integrals -- they are the precise solution and holy grail of integration but in practice we can't always get them and have to resort to approximations.
-- **definite integral**: This is a single [NUMBER](number.md) which (applying the geometric interpretation of integral) tells us the AREA below the function graph (with area below zero counting as negative) over some specific INTERVAL, i.e. between two given points A and B. This means that definite integral doesn't give us an expression but rather a quantity. For example a definite integral of function *f(x) = 1* over interval [0,1] will give us 1 (imagine the graph: the area is simply that of a square with side 1). Definite integrals are computed from the indefinite integral by plugging the upper interval number into the indefinite integral (in the place of the variable), then plugging the lower interval number, and then subtracting the latter from the former. With numeric methods (computer integration) we always only get definite integrals (and actually only their approximate values) -- the computer here skips computing the indefinite integral (as that's hard) and rather like a dumb machine LITERALLY goes by small steps and computes the area below the function graph. Small note to this: the computer still can draw a graph of a function's integral by plotting definite integral value for interval 0 to *x* for every plotted *x* because when we think about it, the indefinite integral kind of gives us a function of how an indefinite integral grows; so the computer can give us a picture of a graph but it generally cannot give us an analytically computed formula of indefinite integral.
+- **definite integral**: This is a single [NUMBER](number.md) which (applying the geometric interpretation of integral) tells us the AREA below the function graph (with area below zero counting as negative) over some specific INTERVAL, i.e. between two given points A and B. This means that definite integral doesn't give us an expression but rather a quantity. For example a definite integral of function *f(x) = 1* over interval [0,1] will give us 1 (imagine the graph: the area is simply that of a square with side 1). Definite integrals are computed from the indefinite integral by plugging the upper interval number into the indefinite integral (in the place of the variable), then plugging the lower interval number, and then subtracting the latter from the former. With numeric methods (computer integration) we always only get definite integrals (and actually only their approximate values) -- the computer here skips computing the indefinite integral (as that's hard) and rather like a dull machine LITERALLY goes by small steps and computes the area below the function graph. Small note to this: the computer still can draw a graph of a function's integral by plotting definite integral value for interval 0 to *x* for every plotted *x* because when we think about it, the indefinite integral kind of gives us a function of how an indefinite integral grows; so the computer can give us a picture of a graph but it generally cannot give us an analytically computed formula of indefinite integral.
 
 Fun fact: before digital computers engineers used very clever methods to find definite integrals of general functions. [Analog](analog.md) computers were particularly good at integrating, their continuous nature makes them a quite elegant solution to the problem, however perhaps even more genius method in its [simplicity](kiss.md) was the following: the engineer would draw the function he wanted to integrate on a sheet of paper (or maybe more preferably some kind of heavier material), then cut it out and simply weight its mass -- this would give him the fraction of the weight of the whole sheet of paper and so also the fraction of the area below the function graph.
 

capitalism.md

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ Here the strongest corporation takes over the world and starts becoming the high
 
 We can only guess what will happen here, a [collapse](collapse.md) due to instability or total destruction of environment is possible, which would at least save the civilization from the horrendous fate of being eternally tortured. If the system survives, humans will be probably be more and more genetically engineered to be more submissive, further killing any hope of a possible change, surveillance chips will be implanted to everyone, reproduction will be controlled precisely and finally perhaps the system will be able, thanks to an advanced [AI](ai.md), to exist and work more efficiently without humans completely, so they will be eliminated. This is how the mankind ends.
 
-{ So here you have it -- it's all here for anyone to read, explained and predicted correctly and in a completely logical way, we even offer a [way](less_retarded_society.md) to prevent this and fix the system, but no one will do it because this will be buried and censored by search engines and the 0.0000000000001% who will find this by chance will dismiss it due to the amount of brainwashing that's already present today. It's pretty sad and depressive, but what more can we do? ~drummyfish }
+{ So here you have it -- it's all here for anyone to read, explained and predicted correctly and in a completely logical way, we even offer a [way](less_retarded_society.md) to prevent this and fix the system, but no one will do it because this will be buried and censored by search engines and the 0.0000000000001% who will find this by happenstance will dismiss it due to the amount of brainwashing that's already present today. It's pretty sad and depressive, but what more can we do? ~drummyfish }
 
 ## Capitalist Propaganda And Fairy Tales
 

chess.md

@@ -402,6 +402,7 @@ Besides very similar games such as [shogi](shogi.md) there are many variants of
 
 - **3D chess**: [3D](3d.md) generalization of chess, possible are also other dimensions (4D, 5D, ... maybe even 1D?).
 - **antichess** ([suicide](suicide.md), ...): The goal is to lose all men or get stalemated, rules are a bit changed, e.g. castling and checks are removed and taking is forced.
+- **balanced alternation**: Variant proposed in one [game theory](game_theory.md) paper (along with analysis and evidence for the claim of course), attempting to minimize the white's first move advantage with only a very slight rule change: second and third half move switch their order. I.e. white moves first, then black moves TWICE, then white also twice, then the game continues normally.
 - **chess 324**: Chess with randomly modified starting position to prevent opening theory and draws, similar to chess 960. Here queens, knights and bishops are randomly shuffled in the start position with the condition that bishops must be on different color squares (no symmetry of position is required). Advantage against chess 960 is that otherwise the rules (i.e. basically castling) stay exactly the same, so basically any chess engine can also play chess 324 without modification.
 - **chess 960** aka **Fischer's random** (nowadays also "freestyle chess"): Starting position is randomly modified by shuffling the non-pawn rows (with these rules: king must be between rooks, bishops on opposite colors and black/white's positions are mirrored). The rules are the same with a slight modification to castling. This was invented by Bobby Fischer to emphasize pure chess skill as opposed to memorizing the best opening moves, he saw the opening theory as harmful to chess. Chess 960 is nowadays even advocated by some to become the "main" version of chess.
 - **[chess boxing](chess_boxing.md)**: Chess combined with box, players switch between the two games, one wins either by checkmate or knockout.
@@ -427,6 +428,8 @@ Besides very similar games such as [shogi](shogi.md) there are many variants of
 - **sovereign chess**: A bigger variant of chess with different rules.
 - ...
 
+{ I was thinking about a variant that would completely remove the white's first move advantage and here is my idea: let the players make the moves simultaneously. In real life this can be done for example by players writing the moves on a piece of paper, then revealing them. Of course we'd have to address conflicting situations such as both players moving their kings so that the new position would be illegal. Perhaps the turn would be successful only if the two moves performed in either order would result in the same, legal position. If the turn was unsuccessful, the attempt at a turn would repeat and let's say after 3 unsuccessful attempts the game would be a draw. ~drummyfish }
+
 ## Playing Tips
 
 Some general tips and rules of thumb, mostly for beginners:

democracy.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Democracy
 
-Democracy (also *democrazy*) stands for *rule of the people*, it is a form of [government](government.md) that somehow lets all citizens collectively make political decisions, which is usually implemented by voting but possibly also by other means. The opposite of democracy is [autocracy](autocracy.md) (for example [dictatorship](dictatorship.md)), the absolute rule of a single individual; possible yet greater opposite of democracy is final stage [capitalism](capitalism.md), rule of no people at all, with money enslaving everyone. It can also be contrasted with [oligarchy](oligarchy.md), the rule of a few (e.g. [plutocracy](plutocracy.md), the rule of the rich, which we see under advanced [capitalism](capitalism.md)). Democracy may take different forms, e.g. direct (people directly vote on specific questions) or representative (people vote for officials who then make decisions on their behalf).
+Democracy (also *demoncracy* or democrazy*) stands for *rule of the people*, it is a form of [government](government.md) that somehow lets all citizens collectively make political decisions, which is usually implemented by voting but possibly also by other means. The opposite of democracy is [autocracy](autocracy.md) (for example [dictatorship](dictatorship.md)), the absolute rule of a single individual; possible yet greater opposite of democracy is final stage [capitalism](capitalism.md), rule of no people at all, with money enslaving everyone. It can also be contrasted with [oligarchy](oligarchy.md), the rule of a few (e.g. [plutocracy](plutocracy.md), the rule of the rich, which we see under advanced [capitalism](capitalism.md)). Democracy may take different forms, e.g. direct (people directly vote on specific questions) or representative (people vote for officials who then make decisions on their behalf).
 
 **Democracy does NOT equal voting**, even though this simplification is too often made. Voting doesn't imply democracy and democracy doesn't require voting, an alternative to voting may be for example a [scientifically](science.md) made decision. Democracy in the wide sense doesn't even require a [state](state.md) or legislation -- true democracy simply means that rules and actions of a society are controlled by all the people and in a way that benefits all the people. Even though we are led to believe we live in democratic society, the truth is that a large scale largely working democracy has never been established and that nowadays most of so called democracy is just an illusion as society clearly works for the benefit of the few richest and most powerful people while greatly abusing everyone else, especially the poorest majority of people. **We do NOT live in true democracy**. A true democracy would be achieved by ideal models of society such as those advocated by (true) [anarchism](anarchism.md) or [LRS](less_retarded_society.md), however some anarchists may be avoiding the use the term democracy as that in many narrower contexts implies an existence of government.
 

drummyfish.md

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Before becoming a kind of schizo, he used to be relatively normal, even had a gi
 
 In 2012 drummyfish fell into deep [depression](depression.md) and became convinced he was going blind, he became desperate and cried all the time, additionally falling into a kind of hardcore burnout and extreme exhaustion, headaches etc., he had to postpone his studies and take a year off -- since then his psychological issues started to worsen, it took around two years just to somewhat recover, however a similarly devastating breakdown came again in 2015 after a failed attempt at discontinuing antidepressants, again requiring a year off for recovery. Since then he would start suffering regular depressive episodes and constant worsening anxiety. In 2019 drummyfish has written a "manifesto" of his ideas called **Non-Competitive Society** that describes the political ideas of an ideal society. It is in the [public domain](public_domain.md) under [CC0](cc0.md) and available for download online and was translated to more than zero languages. Around 2020 he spent a few months in mental hospital. Since then he was forced to do various slaveries such as newspaper and spam distribution (on a bicycle), janitor/cleaner, night guard at a factory etc. Some time around 2023 he bought a tiny caravan inawoods and plans to live there, away from society. Also in 2023 he lost 30 kg thanks to a combination of diet and depression.
 
-**Drummyfish is from the alternative, good far [future](future.md)** (one that won't happen but would happen if [LRS](lrs.md) was realized), he comes from a society several thousand to possibly millions years ahead -- if you want to talk to a man from the future, talk to drummyfish. How is it possible? Imagine you traveled back to cavemen times, times when no one knew the wheel and couldn't count beyond 10, when it was normal for people to perform ritual sacrifices of human and so on -- imagine yourself at this time, telling people "you don't have to sacrifice this guy, it's no good" or "you can use wheel to transfer these stones to save 90% of your current effort" and the cavemen being like "[LMAO](lmao.md) you schizo, that will never work, humans have to be sacrificed, society can't work without it, stop your utopia bullshit" and "LMAO wheel? What's that schizo shit? It won't work, we don't even have to try. Our top [shamanism](soyence.md) popularizator says it's BS so we believe him. Numbers beyond 10? You mean infinity? You have some demons in you, take your potions." You would literally be a man from the future in the past, and that is what drummyfish is nowadays. Drummyfish says things like "stop [competition](competition.md)", "stop nationalism", "stop bullshit like political correctness", "adopt true [minimalism](minimalism.md)", and people are like "LMAO stop that utopia bullshit [pedo](pedophilia.md), competition is necessary for human organism to physically function because Neil de grass told me that on TV, take your schizo potions, minimalism will never work because it's nonintuitive and it isn't good for the economy gods".
+**Drummyfish is from the alternative, good far [future](future.md)** (one that won't happen but would happen if [LRS](lrs.md) was realized), he comes from a society several thousand to possibly millions years ahead -- if you want to talk to a man from the future, talk to drummyfish. How is it possible? Imagine you traveled back to cavemen times, times when no one knew the wheel and couldn't count beyond 10, when it was normal for people to perform ritual sacrifices of human and so on -- imagine yourself at this time, telling people "you don't have to sacrifice this guy, it's no good" or "you can use wheel to transfer these stones to save 90% of your current effort" and the cavemen being like "[LMAO](lmao.md) you schizo, that will never work, humans have to be sacrificed, society can't work without it, stop your utopia bullshit" and "LMAO wheel? What's that schizo shit? It won't work, we don't even have to try. Our top [shamanism](soyence.md) popularizator says it's BS so we believe him. Numbers beyond 10? You mean infinity? You have some demons in you, take your potions." You would literally be a man from the future in the past, and that is what drummyfish is nowadays. Drummyfish says things like "stop [competition](competition.md)", "stop nationalism", "stop bullshit like political correctness", "adopt true [minimalism](minimalism.md)", and people are like "LMAO stop that utopia bullshit [pedo](pedophilia.md), competition is necessary for human organism to physically function because Neil de grass told me that on TV, take your schizo potions, minimalism will never work because it's nonintuitive and it isn't good for the economy gods". It is idiosyncratic of drummyfish to adopt ideas hated both by both major political camps of today: the [right](left_vs_right.md) and [pseudoleft](pseudoleft.md).
 
 **Does drummyfish have [divine intellect](terry_davis.md)?** Hell no, he's pretty retarded at most things and would be a complete failure wasn't it for some of his special features -- thanks to his extraordinary tendency for isolation, grand curiosity and obsession with [truth](truth.md) he is possibly the only man on [Earth](earth.md) completely immune to propaganda, he can see the world as it is, not as it is presented, so he feels it is his moral duty to share what he is seeing. He is able to overcome his natural dumbness by tryharding and sacrificing his social and sexual life so that he can program more. If drummyfish can learn to program [LRS](lrs.md), so can you.
 

free_culture.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Free (as in freedom) culture is a movement aiming for the relaxation of [intelle
 
 The promoters of free culture want to relax intellectual property laws ([copyright](copyright.md), [patents](patent.md), [trademarks](tm.md) etc.) but also promote an ethic of sharing and remixing being good (as opposed to the demonizing anti-"[piracy](piracy.md)" propaganda of today), they sometimes mark their works with words **"some rights reserved"** or even "no rights reserved", as opposed to the traditional "all rights reserved".
 
-Free culture is kind of a younger sister movement to the **[free software](free_software.md)** movement, in fact it has been inspired by it (we could call it its [fork](fork.md)). While free software movement, established in 1983, was only concerned with freedoms relating to computer program source code, free culture later (around 2000) took its ideas and extended them to all information including e.g. artworks and scientific data. There are **clearly defined criteria** for a work to be considered free (as in freedom) work, i.e. part of the body of free cultural works. The criteria are very similar to those of free software (the definition is at https://freedomdefined.org/Definition) and can be summed up as follows:
+Free culture is kind of a younger sister movement to **[free software](free_software.md)**, in fact it has been inspired by it (we could call it its [fork](fork.md)). While free software movement, commenced in 1983, was only concerned with freedoms related to computer program source code, free culture subsequently (circa 2000) extended the concept to all information, including e.g. artworks and scientific data. There are **clearly defined criteria** for a work to be considered free (as in freedom) work, i.e. part of the body of free cultural works. The criteria are very similar to those of free software (the definition is at https://freedomdefined.org/Definition) and can be summed up as follows:
 
 A free cultural work must allow anyone to (legally and practically):
 
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ Free culture has become a relative success, the free Creative Commons licenses a
 
 **BEWARE of fake free culture**: there are many resources that look like or even call themselves "free culture" despite not adhering to its rules. This may be by intention or not, some people just don't know too much about the topic -- a common mistake is to think that all Creative Commons licenses are free culture -- again, this is NOT the case (the NC and ND ones are not). Some think that "free" just means "gratis" -- this is not the case (free means freedom, i.e. respecting the above mentioned criteria of free cultural works). Many people don't know the rules of copyright and think that they can e.g. create a remix of some non-free pop song and license it under CC-BY-SA -- they CANNOT, they are making a derivative work of a non-free work and so cannot license it. Some people use licenses without knowing what they mean, e.g. many use CC0 and then ask for their work to not be used commercially -- this can't be done, CC0 specifically allows any commercial use. Some try to make their own "licenses" by e.g. stating "do whatever you want with my work" instead of using a proper waiver like CC0 -- this is with high probability legally unsafe and invalid, it is unfortunately not so easy to waive one's copyright -- DO use the existing licenses. Educate yourself and if you're unsure, ask away in the community, people are glad to give advice.
 
+{ Example of a SUS "free culture" video in one of the most reliable repositories, Wikimedia Commons, is for example [this](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MultiVersus_%E2%80%93_Official_Cinematic_Trailer_-_%22You%27re_with_Me!%22.webm). The video contains many multimillion dollar cartoon characters such as Bugs Bunny, Batman, Superman and many more. Apparently these were released as "CC BY" on YouTube, so they just allowed everyone to freely use these characters anywhere, even commercially. Not sure if it's legit but I'd never touch it. ~drummyfish }
+
 ## See Also
 
 - [free software](free_software.md)

game.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Most generally game is a form of play which is restricted by certain rules, the
 
 A fun take at the very concept of a game is [Nomic](nomic.md), a game in which changing the game rules is part of the game. It leads to all kinds of mindfucks.
 
-**What does a good game look like?** Purely mathematical [LRS](lrs.md) games (but not only them -- this will apply to real life games also) must be [beautiful](beauty.md) mathematically, it should be very [simple](simple.md) by only having a few rules, but those rules will spawn a whole universe of possibilities so that depth and endless hours of [fun](fun.md) and challenge will emerge -- this we usually call [easy to learn, hard to master](easy_to_learn_hard_to_master.md). It's best if solving the game is [computationally expensive](np_hard.md) so that we can't simply make a program that would solve the game once and for all, it's better if players don't know perfect play and have to look for [heuristics](heuristic.md) for playing efficiently and getting closer and closer to perfect play, without being able to reach it. A good game is [free](free_culture.md), owned by no one, belonging to the people, and lives its own life by relying on **self imposed goals** rather than "content consumption" in form of constant [updates](update_culture.md) and centralized control by some kind of "owner" (as is the case with capitalist games) -- i.e. despite having a goal, the game doesn't try to hard force the player to do something, but rather opens up a nice environment (in which the main goal is but one of many fun things to do) for player's own creativity (once the player beats the game, he may e.g. try to beat it [as fast as possible](speedrun.md), play it with deliberately chosen limitations, try to play it as bad as possible, combine it with other games etc.). One such nice game is possibly [racetrack](racetrack.md). For competition it's probably best if the game is symmetric, i.e. all players have (at least as much as possible) equal conditions (same weapons, same goals, ...) -- this ensures that the game always stays balanced, even when new tricks are being discovered as these can be utilized by all players. It's also good to prevent opening theory, i.e. the necessity to extensively study and memorize opening moves -- which is infamously an issue in [chess](chess.md) -- this can be prevented for example by randomizing starting positions, having many different "maps" to play on etc.
+**What does a good game look like?** Purely mathematical [LRS](lrs.md) games (but not only them -- this will apply to real life games also) must be [beautiful](beauty.md) mathematically, it should be very [simple](simple.md) by only having a few rules, but those rules will spawn a whole universe of possibilities so that depth and endless hours of [fun](fun.md) and challenge will emerge -- this we usually call [easy to learn, hard to master](easy_to_learn_hard_to_master.md). It's best if solving the game is [computationally expensive](np_hard.md) so that we can't simply make a program that would solve the game once and for all, it's better if players don't know perfect play and have to look for [heuristics](heuristic.md) for playing efficiently and getting closer and closer to perfect play, without being able to reach it. A good game is [free](free_culture.md), owned by no one, belonging to the people, and lives its own life by relying on **self imposed goals** rather than "content consumption" in form of constant [updates](update_culture.md) and centralized control by some kind of "owner" (as is the case with capitalist games) -- i.e. despite having a goal, the game doesn't try to hard force the player to do something, but rather opens up a nice environment (in which the main goal is but one of many fun things to do) for player's own creativity (once the player beats the game, he may e.g. try to beat it [as fast as possible](speedrun.md), play it with deliberately chosen limitations, try to play it as bad as possible, combine it with other games etc.). One such nice game is possibly [racetrack](racetrack.md). For competition it's probably best if the game is symmetric, i.e. all players have (at least insofar as possible) equal conditions (same weapons, same goals, ...) -- this ensures that the game always stays balanced, even when new tricks are being discovered as these can be utilized by all players. It's also good to prevent opening theory, i.e. the necessity to extensively study and memorize opening moves -- which is infamously an issue in [chess](chess.md) -- this can be prevented for example by randomizing starting positions, having many different "maps" to play on etc.
 
 **Games that aim for photorealistic graphics are by definition garbage and are PHYSICALLY UNPLAYABLE**. Even if it was otherwise the best game in the universe, once it tries to have photorealistic graphics it negates everything else, the game must be thrown to trash and cannot ever be touched. Aiming for photorealism in video games is like aiming for photorealism in fine art or aiming for faithfully capturing real life in movies, it shows absolute lack of understanding of the area. The only thing that matters in graphics is aesthetics and utility. Anyone who even slightly disagrees with this is an absolute cock sucker idiot and should distance from games forever.
 

gnu.md

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ At this point each program of the project still had its own custom license that
 
 ## GNU Projects
 
-GNU has developed an almost unbelievable amount of software, it has software for all basic and some advanced needs. As of writing this there are 373 software packages in the official GNU repository (at https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Main_Page). Below are just a few notable projects under the GNU umbrella.
+GNU has developed an almost unbelievable amount of software, they have software for all basic and plenty of advanced needs. As of writing this there are 373 software packages in the official GNU repository (at https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Main_Page). Below are just a few notable projects under the GNU umbrella.
 
 - [GNU Hurd](hurd.md) (OS [kernel](kernal.md), alternative to [Linux](linux.md))
 - [GNU Compiler Collection](gcc.md) (gcc, compiler for [C](c.md) and other languages)

hacking.md

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ A great many commonly used tricks in programming could be regarded as hacks even
 - **[bit hacks](bit_hack.md)**: Clever manipulations of [bits](bit.md) -- for example it is possible to swap two variable without a temporary variables by using the [xor](xor.md) function. Another simplest example is implementing division by 2 as binary shift by 1 (this hack is used in real life by people for quickly dividing by 10, we just remove the last digit).
 - **[copyleft](copyleft.md)**: A legal hack by [Richard Stallman](rms.md), connected to [free software](free_software.md), working on the basis of the following idea: "If [copyright](copyright.md) lets me put any conditions on my work, I may impose a condition on my work that says that any modified version must not impose any restrictive conditions".
 - In minimalist [C](c.md) programming mainly two standards of the language are used: C89 and C99. To distinguish between them in source code one can e.g. exploit the fact that C99 introduced line comments (starting with `//`) and make such code that C99 sees part of it commented out while C89 doesn't. For example the following two lines: `int isC89 = 1 //**/ 2`, `; isC89 = !isC89;`.
-- **shades of gray on 1bit display**: There is a trick, used for example by [Arduboy](arduboy.md) developers, that allows displaying shades of gray [colors](color.md) on a display that can normally only display two colors: black and white. The trick lies in quickly blinking a pixel, which to the eye will create the illusion of black and white color averaged over time, and the blinking ratio can further created more shades of gray. The requirement here is sufficiently high FPS of course.
+- **shades of gray on a 1bit display**: There is a trick, used for example by [Arduboy](arduboy.md) developers, that allows displaying shades of gray [colors](color.md) on a display that can normally only display two colors: black and white. The trick lies in quickly blinking a pixel, which to the eye will create the illusion of black and white color averaged over time, and the blinking ratio can further created more shades of gray. The requirement here is sufficiently high FPS of course.
 - **[fast inverse square root](fast_inverse_sqrt.md)**: Famous hack that was used in the [game](game.md) Quake, it [approximates](approximation.md) an inverse of [square root](sqrt.md) of a [floating point](float.md) number by treating it as an integer and bashing it with a [magic constant](magic_constant.md), which is about four times faster than computing the value with the obvious floating point division.
 - **memory [rape](rape.md) in [C](c.md)**: E.g. instead of doing proper memory allocation with potentially inefficient and bloated `malloc` one may try to do a custom memory allocation without any libraries by abusing allocation on stack -- allocate a variable size array in main, set some global pointer to it and then manage this chunk of memory with your own allocation functions.
 - **actually portable executable** (https://justine.lol/ape.html): Justine Tunney found a way to create an executable format that passes as a valid NATIVE executable on all major systems including [GNU](gnu.md)/[Linux](linux.md), [Windows](windows.md) and [Mac](mac.md), i.e. it is possible to compile a native program (e.g. with [C](c.md)) and then have it natively run on any major OS.
@@ -75,8 +75,11 @@ A great many commonly used tricks in programming could be regarded as hacks even
 ## See Also
 
 - [zen](zen.md)
+- [tao](tao.md)
 - [demoscene](demoscene.md)
 - [cracking](cracking.md)
 - [databending](databending.md)
 - [oldfag](oldfag.md)
-- [boomer](boomer.md)
+- [guru](guru.md)
+- [boomer](boomer.md)
+- [cracking](cracking.md)

history.md

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ The year 1492 marks the **discovery of America** by Christopher Columbus who sai
 
 In 1642 Blaise Pascal, a french mathematician/inventor/philosopher, invented *Pascaline*, a simple [mechanical](mechanical.md) calculator (however building on ideas dating back to antiquity), laying some very early foundations for automatic computation. (The [Pascal](pascal.md) programming language is named after him.) Shortly after Pascal another genius, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, further developed some basic theory (related e.g. to [binary](binary.md) system and [algorithms](algorithm.md)) that would much later on evolve into computer science.
 
-During 1700s a major shift in civilization occurred, called the **[Industrial Revolution](industrial_revolution.md)** -- this was another disaster that would lead to the transformation of common people to factory slaves and loss of their self sufficiency. The revolution spanned roughly from 1750 to 1850. It was a process of rapid change in the whole society due to new technological inventions that also led to big changes in how a man lived his daily life. It started in Great Britain but quickly spread over the whole world. One of the main changes was the **transition from manual manufacturing to factory manufacturing** using machines and sources of energy such as coal. **[Steam engine](steam_engine.md) played a key role**. Work became a form of a highly organized slavery system, society became industrionalized. This revolution became highly [criticized](ted_kaczynski.md) as it unfortunately opened the door for [capitalism](capitalism.md), made people dependent on the system as everyone had to become a specialized cog in the society machine, at this time people started to measure time in minutes and lead very planned lives with less joy. But there was no way back.
+During 1700s a major shift in civilization occurred, called the **[Industrial Revolution](industrial_revolution.md)** -- this was another disaster that would lead to the transformation of common people to factory slaves and loss of their self sufficiency. The revolution spanned roughly from 1750 to 1850. It was a process of rapid change in the whole society due to new technological inventions that also led to big changes in how a man lived his daily life. It commenced in Great Britain but quickly spread over the whole world. One of the main changes was the **transition from manual manufacturing to factory manufacturing** using machines and sources of energy such as coal. **[Steam engine](steam_engine.md) played a key role**. Work became a form of a highly organized slavery system, society became industrionalized. This revolution became highly [criticized](ted_kaczynski.md) as it unfortunately opened the door for [capitalism](capitalism.md), made people dependent on the system as everyone had to become a specialized cog in the society machine, at this time people started to measure time in minutes and lead very planned lives with less joy. But there was no way back.
 
 In 1712 Thomas Newcomen invented the first widely used **[steam engine](steam_engine.md)** used mostly for pumping water, even though steam powered machines have already been invented long time ago. The engine was significantly improved by [James Watt](james_watt.md) in 1776. Around 1770 Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot created a first somewhat working **steam-powered [car](car.md)**. In 1784 William Murdoch built a small prototype of a **[steam locomotive](steam_locomotive.md)** which would be perfected over the following decades, leading to a transportation revolution; people would be able to travel far away for work, the world would become smaller which would be the start of **[globalization](globalization.md)**. The railway system would make common people measure time with minute precision.
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ August 12 1981 would see the released of **[IBM PC](ibm_pc.md)**, a personal com
 
 In 1983 **[Richard Stallman](rms.md) announced his [GNU](gnu.md) project and invented [free (as in freedom) software](free_software.md)**, a kind of software that is freely shared and developed by the people so as to respect the users' freedom. This kind of ethical software stands opposed to the [proprietary](proprietary.md) corporate software, it would lead to creation of some of the most important software and to a whole revolution in software development and its licensing, it would spark the creation of other movements striving for keeping ethics in the information age.
 
-1985: on November 20 the first version of the **[Windows](windows.md) operating system** was sadly released by [Microsoft](microsoft.md). These systems would become the mainstream desktop operating systems despite their horrible design and they would unfortunately establish so called [Windows philosophy](windows_philosophy.md) that would irreversibly corrupt other mainstream technology. Also in 1985 one of the deadliest software [bugs](bug.md) appeared: that in [Therac-25](therac_25.md), a medical radiotherapy device which fatally overdosed several patients with radiation.
+1985: on November 20 the first version of the **[Windows](windows.md) operating system** was sadly released by [Microsoft](microsoft.md). This malware would become the mainstream desktop operating system despite its obnoxious design and would sadly forever stain computer technology with so called [Windows philosophy](windows_philosophy.md), irreversibly corrupting other mainstream technology as well. Also in 1985 one of the deadliest software [bugs](bug.md) appeared: that in [Therac-25](therac_25.md), a medical radiotherapy device which fatally overdosed several patients with radiation.
 
 On April 26 1986 the **[Chernobyl](chernobyl.md) nuclear disaster** happened (the worst power plant accident in history) -- in north Ukraine (at the time under [USSR](ussr.md)) a nuclear [power plant](power_plant.md) exploded, contaminated a huge area with [radioactivity](radioactivity.md) and released a toxic radioactive cloud that would spread over Europe -- many would die either directly or indirectly (many years later due to radioactivity poisoning, estimated at many thousands). The Chernobyl area would be sealed in the 30 km radius. It is estimated the area won't be habitable again for several thousands of years.
 

human_language.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Languages are sadly often what easily divides people into groups and so fuels [f
 
 On one hand human languages are cool when viewed from cultural or [artistic](art.md) perspective, they allow us to write poetry, describe feelings and nature around us -- in this way they can be considered [beautiful](beauty.md). However from the perspective of others, e.g. programmers or historians, **human languages are a [nightmare](nightmare.md)**. There is unfortunately an **enormous, inherent curse connected to any human language**, both natural or constructed, that comes from its inevitably [fuzzy](fuzzy.md) nature stemming from fuzziness of real life concepts, it's the problem of **defining [semantics](semantics.md)** of words and constructs (no, Lojban doesn't solve this). [Syntax](syntax.md) (i.e. the rules that say which sentences are valid and which are not) doesn't pose such a problem, we can quite easily define what's grammatically correct or not (it's not as hard to write a program that checks gramatical correctness), it is semantics (i.e. meanings) that is extremely hard to grasp -- even in rigorous languages (such as mathematical notation or programming languages) semantics is a bit harder to define (quite often still relying on bits of human language), but while in a programming language we are essentially able to define quite EXACTLY what each construct means (e.g. `a + b` returns the sum of values *a* and *b*), in a natural language we are basically never able to do that, we can only ever form fuzzy connections between other fuzzy concepts and we can never have anything fixed.
 
-Due to this fuzziness human languages inevitably change over time no matter how hard we try to counter this, any text written a few thousand years ago is nowadays very hard to understand -- not because the old languages aren't spoken anymore, but because the original meanings of specific words, phrases and constructs are distorted by time; when learning an old language we learn what each word meant by reading its translation to some modern word, but the modern word is always more or less different. Even if it's a very simple word such as "fish", our modern word for fish means a slightly different thing than let's say ancient Roman's word for fish because it had slightly different connotations such as potential references to other things: fish for example used to be the symbol of Christianity, nowadays people don't even commonly make this connection. Fishermen were a despised class of workers, to some fish may have signified food and abundance, to others something that "smells bad", to others something or someone who's "slippery". Some words may have referred to some contemporary "[meme](meme.md)" that's been long forgotten and if some text makes the reference, we won't understand it. The word "book" for example meant something a bit different 2000 years ago than it means now: back then a book might have been just a relatively short scroll, it was expensive and people didn't read books the same way as we do today, they commonly just read them out loud to others, so "reading a book" and the word "book" itself doesn't conjure the same picture in our heads as it did back then. Or another example showing the difference between languages existing at the same time is this: while the Spanish word "perro" translates to English as "dog", the meanings aren't the same; some English speakers use the word as a synonym for "friend" but in Spanish the word can be used as an insult so shouting "perro" and "dog" in the street may lead to different (possibly completely opposite) images popping up in the heads of those who hear it. Westerners who spend a lot of time in eastern countries will confirm that it is absolutely the case that many eastern spiritual terms and texts are untranslatable to English, or translatable only very, very imprecisely: there are words for concepts that western culture simply lacks and even words that have more or less direct translation may carry different connotations, such as the word "void" which in the east has often a positive connotation, unlike in the west. When you study philosophy, you'll be told you have to read philosophers in their original language in order to really understand them. Imagine you speak to an isolated bushmen tribe somewhere in Africa and you have to translate the word "vaporwave" or "doomer meme" when they don't have a word for Internet, computer or electricity, they don't know what depression, multimedia or technological addiction is and can't even comprehend the concept of a social network because they have hard time imagining there could exist many more people in the world, being unable to count beyond 10, thinking the world probably ends beyond the horizon -- you may perhaps say "vaporwave" is "funny music" and "doomer meme" is a "sad idea", but you know it's actually a very poor translation. It's not because their language was poorer than yours (in fact many of such languages have been found to be extremely hard to learn), it will just have evolved to express other things, ones you can't understand, complex things about nature, jungle, hunting, hundreds of different plants, what's edible and what's poisonous (in which ways, to whom, with what certainty, in which quantities, under which circumstances, ...), subtle distinctions of many different species of animals, rocks, water, trees, fire, weather and so on. Even within our own culture we struggle to communicate, depressed people have hard time explaining what depression really is to people who never experienced true depression, we use words like "sadness", "emptiness", "exhaustion", but once again, only as rough approximations to the true, indescribable feeling.
+Due to this fuzziness human languages inevitably change over time no matter how hard we try to counter this, any text written a few thousand years ago is nowadays very hard to understand -- not because the old languages aren't spoken anymore, but because the original meanings of specific words, phrases and constructs are distorted by time; when learning an old language we learn what each word meant by reading its translation to some modern word, but the modern word is always more or less different. Even if it's a very simple word such as "fish", our modern word for fish means a slightly different thing than let's say ancient Roman's word for fish because it had slightly different connotations such as potential references to other things: fish for example used to be the symbol of Christianity, nowadays people don't even commonly make this connection. Fishermen were a despised class of workers, to some fish may have signified food and abundance, to others something that "smells bad", to others something or someone who's "slippery". Some words may have referred to some contemporary "[meme](meme.md)" that's been long forgotten and if some text makes the reference, we won't understand it. The word "book" for example meant something a bit different 2000 years ago than it means now: back then a book might have been just a relatively short scroll, it was expensive and people didn't read books the same way as we do today, they commonly just read them out loud to others, so "reading a book" and the word "book" itself doesn't conjure the same picture in our heads as it did back then. Or another example showing the difference between languages existing at the same time is this: while the Spanish word "perro" translates to English as "dog", the meanings aren't the same; some English speakers use the word as a synonym for "friend" but in Spanish the word can be used as an insult so shouting "perro" and "dog" in the street may lead to different (possibly completely opposite) images popping up in the heads of those who hear it. Westerners who spend a lot of time in eastern countries will confirm that it is absolutely the case that many eastern spiritual terms and texts are untranslatable to English, or translatable only very, very imprecisely: there are words for concepts that western culture simply lacks and even words that have more or less direct translation may carry different connotations, such as the word "void" which in the east has often a positive connotation, unlike in the west. When you study philosophy, you'll be told you have to read philosophers in their original language in order to really understand them. Imagine you speak to an isolated bushmen tribe somewhere in Africa and you have to translate the word "vaporwave" or "doomer meme" when they don't have a word for Internet, computer or electricity, they don't know what depression, multimedia or technological addiction is and can't even comprehend the concept of a social network because they have hard time imagining there could exist many more people in the world, being unable to count beyond 10, thinking the world probably ends beyond the horizon -- you may perhaps say "vaporwave" is "funny music" and "doomer meme" is a "sad idea", but you know it's actually a very poor translation. It's not because their language was poorer than yours (in fact many of such languages have been found to be extremely hard to learn), it will just have evolved to express other things, ones you can't understand, complex things about nature, jungle, hunting, hundreds of different plants, what's edible and what's poisonous (in which ways, to whom, with what certainty, in which quantities, under which circumstances, ...), subtle distinctions of many different species of animals, rocks, water, trees, fire, weather and so on. Even within our own culture we struggle to communicate, depressed people have hard time explaining what depression really is to people who never experienced true depression, we use words like "sorrow", "emptiness", "exhaustion", but once again, only as rough approximations to the true, indescribable feeling.
 
 How do you describe a word precisely if you can only describe it with other imprecise words that are changing constantly? No, not even pictures will help -- if you attach the picture of a cat to the word "cat", it's still not clear what it means -- does it stand for the picture of the cat or for the cat that's in the picture, does it stand ONLY for the one cat that's in the picture or all other animals that are similar to the one in the picture? How similar? Is lion a cat? Is a toy cat or cartoon cat a cat? Or does the picture signify that anything with a fur is a cat? If it looks like cat but walks on two legs and speaks, is it still a cat? Now imagine describing a more abstract term such as *thought*, *number* or *existence*. There is no solid ground, even such essential words as "to want" or "to be" have different meanings between languages ("to be" can stand for "to exist", "to be in a place", "to temporarily have some property", "to permanently have some property" etc.). Even dictionaries admit defeat and are happy with having circular definitions because there aren't any foundations to build upon, circular definitions are inevitable, dictionaries just help you connect fuzzy concepts together. All of this extends to tenses, moods, cases and everything else. This can be very well seen e.g. with people interpreting old texts such as the Bible, for example some say [Jesus](jesus.md) claimed to be the son of God while others reject it, saying that even if he stated the sentence, it actually wasn't meant literally as it was a commonly used phrase that meant something else -- these people will argue about everything and they can comfortably interpret the same text in completely opposite ways. The point is that we just can't know.
 

island.md

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ We do also have **[computers](computer.md) and [electricity](electricity.md)**,
 
 Internet to us is mostly replaced by our own island "[network](network.md)" -- network in quotes as it's more like a shared repository of files; we rarely use true computer networks, people have their own computers that keep their personal files locally, and we exchange data with others using physical media such as USB flash drives, CDs or even paper. Instanteneous exchange of data is rarely needed and so the infrastructure would be an unnecessary burden, we live slow lives and the Island is small enough to hear someone shouting if something gets urgent -- of course, we do have wifis, but they simply waste power (and possibly cause [cancer](cancer.md)), so we keep them turned off. We sometimes use analog radio to talk over longer distances, but not for computers. Our shared repository works like this: we have a total maximum size allocated, currently 16 GB (enough to fit on a cheap USB drive or SD card), out of which only a small fraction is currently used -- the size limit may be increased in the future, but having the limit in place helps us select only the important data, AND keeping the data small is extremely important for freedom. Small data is easily backed up, it can be searched quickly even without indexing, the storage is cheap and it will fit on more media and computers, will be copied quickly, can be transmitted faster, with lower bandwidth etcetc. It turns out that once you remove [bloat](bloat.md) and only extract the important, you can fit most of what you need into extremely small space -- from most websites and books we extract only plaintext, we store images in right formats and minimize their size (many images can be stored in [vector](vector.md) formats, black and white or even 1bit, low resolution is mostly sufficient) and so on. Anyway... in the repository majority of space is allocated for common, general files -- these are files generally useful to everyone, highly organized, well named, tagged and added by consensual agreement. This includes for example downloaded websites, software, [books](books.md), digitized works of art, but also files we collectively edit, e.g. discussion files or software source code. And then there are directories of individual people -- everyone gets his own directory, like an own "domain", with relatively small space allocated, where he can share whatever he wishes without asking others: basically an equivalent of a personal website. This space is relatively small but it's absolutely sufficient; bear in mind that anyone can store many more data on his own personal computer, here we are talking only about SHARED files. [Intellectual property](intellectual_property.md) doesn't exist on the Island, so to us everything is [free](free_software.md), we don't need any [licenses](license.md) or [waivers](waiver.md) and we can treat even [proprietary](proprietary.md) data from the Normieland as public domain; however for the sake of people in Normieland we still separate free and proprietary data and use [public domain](public_domain.md) waivers for our works -- we still attempt to be helpful even to the people in the lands of intellectual slavery. Maybe you are now asking where we keep this "internet" of files. It's distributed, i.e. we keep it everywhere, people walk around with with disks and SD cards where it is stored and they have stored it on their computers. The only challenge is synchronization, but that's usually pretty easy: if someone happens to have a new file, or a newer version of an older file, he simply rewrites it, and that's basically it. There are no "safety" mechanism to "protect" directories or even "[encryption](encryption.md)" of files, there is nothing to hide, you can see anyone have sex in real life if you want, so no one bothers about "[privacy](privacy.md)"; there aren't really any [trolls](trolling.md) either: if someone starts rewriting other people's files or just destroys stuff, others will likely stop exchanging disks with that guy :-) And we have literally dozens of backups of the whole repository all over the island, so destroying something would cause someone just a slight inconvenience of having to ask a friend for a new copy. In a good society things simply are simply solved by default.
 
-In **food** we are unfortunately not 100% self sufficient yet, mainly for the reasons of refusing to hunt animals while also not having large areas of farmable land on this relatively small, rocky island -- self sufficiency would be achieved if we resorted to fishing, but as long as this can be avoided we choose not to do it and look for other ways. We partially grow our own food and collect what's naturally present in the nature: some like to experiment with farming and others, usually [women](woman.md) and children, make it part of their daily routine to walk the island and collect wild berries, mushrooms, coconuts, even seaweed. Although some strict vegans refuse this, some have also tried to keep animals -- with great care and love of course -- for example bees, but mainly chicken who give eggs -- again, they are never killed for food, they're kept roaming free and cared for with love. We have sweet water and salt on the island. This all is not enough in itself to feed everyone, but it helps significantly -- the rest of food is retrieved from Normieland where our groups depart regularly. There they usually split and go try to retrieve resources -- this is always a bit of adventure as we're still experimenting with what works and what doesn't. Some groups go and try to simply ask for money and food, or simply put: beg. Some ask charities and churches. Some go and try to make [money](money.md), e.g. by selling various things we made at the island, or by helping people, doing various "quick jobs": yes, even prostitution is an option, but some try street [art](art.md), some help the elderly carry their heavy bags, hoping to get a tip (but they'll do it even without a tip!), and so on. Others cash out their state support or money they got as voluntary donations through the Internet, for creating [free software](free_software.md) and [free art](free_culture.md). Meanwhile other group are given [money](money.md), and they go and try to find the cheapest places to buy as much food and other resources as possible -- being regular customers buying larger quantities they are often able to get a good price for raw food right from the suppliers. No luxury or exotic food, no buying at supermarkets, no coffee, coca cola or icecream, no pizza and otherwise prepared food, only raw, nutrient stuff to prepare meals from -- this way we can buy a lot for very little money. We always keep in mind to not be evil, we are NOT trying to trick or rob people, we wear clothes that show who we are, just like e.g. Buddhist monks do; people know us, they know we come regularly and ask for food and many voluntarily help us. Some of them even joined us later on. We are aware that making [money](money.md) is [bullshit](bullshit.md), it's unfortunately necessary to do now and we try to minimize the dependence on it and the damaged done. If we spread our society to the whole world, the need for this kind of bullshit job would be eliminated.
+Insofar as **food** goes we are unfortunately not 100% self sufficient yet, mainly for the reasons of refusing to hunt animals while also not having large areas of farmable land on this relatively small, rocky island -- self sufficiency would be achieved if we resorted to fishing, but as long as this can be avoided we choose not to do it and look for other ways. We partially grow our own food and collect what's naturally present in the nature: some like to experiment with farming and others, usually [women](woman.md) and children, make it part of their daily routine to walk the island and collect wild berries, mushrooms, coconuts, even seaweed. Although some strict vegans refuse this, some have also tried to keep animals -- with great care and love of course -- for example bees, but mainly chicken who give eggs -- again, they are never killed for food, they're kept roaming free and cared for with love. We have sweet water and salt on the island. This all is not enough in itself to feed everyone, but it helps significantly -- the rest of food is retrieved from Normieland where our groups depart regularly. There they usually split and go try to retrieve resources -- this is always a bit of adventure as we're still experimenting with what works and what doesn't. Some groups go and try to simply ask for money and food, or simply put: beg. Some ask charities and churches. Some go and try to make [money](money.md), e.g. by selling various things we made at the island, or by helping people, doing various "quick jobs": yes, even prostitution is an option, but some try street [art](art.md), some help the elderly carry their heavy bags, hoping to get a tip (but they'll do it even without a tip!), and so on. Others cash out their state support or money they got as voluntary donations through the Internet, for creating [free software](free_software.md) and [free art](free_culture.md). Meanwhile other group are given [money](money.md), and they go and try to find the cheapest places to buy as much food and other resources as possible -- being regular customers buying larger quantities they are often able to get a good price for raw food right from the suppliers. No luxury or exotic food, no buying at supermarkets, no coffee, coca cola or icecream, no pizza and otherwise prepared food, only raw, nutrient stuff to prepare meals from -- this way we can buy a lot for very little money. We always keep in mind to not be evil, we are NOT trying to trick or rob people, we wear clothes that show who we are, just like e.g. Buddhist monks do; people know us, they know we come regularly and ask for food and many voluntarily help us. Some of them even joined us later on. We are aware that making [money](money.md) is [bullshit](bullshit.md), it's unfortunately necessary to do now and we try to minimize the dependence on it and the damaged done. If we spread our society to the whole world, the need for this kind of bullshit job would be eliminated.
 
 **[Death](death.md)** is not feared among the inhabitants of the island, old die among friends and family, happy and peaceful. Many times during common nights together when we play [chess](chess.md) at the beach, adults tell stories and children run around playing in the waves, an old man falls asleep next to the fire, and in the morning simply doesn't wake up. Those wishing to voluntarily leave life, for whatever reason, are also provided with help, usually by those specialized in medicine and healthcare. The one who wants to die usually chooses [suicide](suicide.md) if he is able to perform it, so as to not put the burden of killing onto another inhabitant of the island, but if that's not possible someone will still help; the assistant gives advice and will oversee the act, just in case something went wrong and someone had to "finish the job", but there are now highly reliable and tested ways for quick and painless suicide -- one of them for example a kind of guillotine that simply quickly removes the head from the body after pulling a lever. Some choose to do this more or less privately, at night and only in the presence of the assistant, but it's also common for other people, even children and families to be present -- this is not a sad or traumatic event, it's a ritual of peacefully departing to the unknown, and people seeing others leave this way see there is nothing to fear, they see what it looks like when someone dies and are no longer afraid of it, it's another service the older provide to the young. Dead bodies are then usually buried at the sea so that the dead can make one last selfless service and feed the animals of the sea. They are never buried in ground or burned, that would be wasteful. Some experiment with [cannibalism](cannibalism.md) so as to provide others with the possibility to sometimes taste meat -- again, some refuse to participate in it, and that is fine, everything is voluntary and consensual.
 

left_right.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ TRUE LEFT (peace, selflessness, forgiveness, ...)
     (violence, conflict, aggressivity, ...)
 ```
 
-We see pseudoleft is something that began as going away from the right but slowly turned around back to its values, just from a slightly different direction. This is because rightism is very easy, it offers tempting short-term solutions such as violence, and so it exhorts a kind of magnetic force on every human -- most cannot resist and only very few get to the true left despite this force.
+We see pseudoleft is something that commenced by going in opposite direction to the right, but slowly turned around back to rightist values, just from a slightly different direction. This is because rightism is very easy, it offers tempting short-term solutions such as violence, and so it extorts a kind of magnetic force on every human -- most cannot resist and only very few manage to continue heading towards truly leftist values.
 
 The current US-centered culture unfortunately forces a **right-pseudoleft false dichotomy**. It is extremely important to realize this dichotomy doesn't hold. Do not become [type A/B fail](fail_ab.md).
 

lgbt.md

@@ -129,7 +129,9 @@ LGBT:
 
 ## See Also
 
-- [cancer](cancer.md)
+- [KKK](kkk.md)
+- [SJW](sjw.md)
+- [pseudoleftism](pseudoleft.md)
+- [liberalism](liberalism.md)
 - [terrorism](terrorism.md)
-- [feminism](feminism.md)
-- [pseudoleftism](pseudoleft.md)
+- [feminism](feminism.md)

linux.md

@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ Some alternatives to Linux (and Linux-libre) and GNU/Linux are:
 
 ## Switching To GNU/Linux
 
+PREFACE: If you're a newbie looking to learn "the Linux command line n shit", see the article on [Unix](unix.md).
+
 2024 UPDATE: Don't switch to it, switch to something else now.
 
 One of the basic mistakes of [noobs](noob.md) who just switched from [Windows](windows.md) to GNU/Linux is that they try to continue to do things the *Windows way*. They try to force-run Windows programs on GNU/Linux, they look for program installers on the web, they install [antiviruses](antivirus.md), they try to find a [GUI](gui.md) program for a thing that is solved with 2 lines of [shell](shell.md) script (and fail to find one), they keep [distro hoppoing](distrohopping.md) instead of customizing their system etc. Many give up and then go around saying "brrruh, Loooonix sux" -- yes, it kind of does, but for other reasons. You're just using it wrong. Despite its corruption, it's still a [Unix](unix.md) system, you do things elegantly and simply, however these ways are naturally completely different from how ugly systems like Windows do them -- and how they nurture normal people to do them. If you want to convert an image from *png* to *jpg*, you don't need to download and crack a graphical program that takes 100 GB and installs ads on your system, you do it via a simple [command line tool](cli.md) -- don't be afraid of the [terminal](terminal.md), learn some basic commands, ask experiences people how they do it (not how to achieve the way you want to do it). Everyone who learned it later thanked himself for doing it, so don't be stupid.

lrs.md

@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@ The definition here is not strict but rather [fuzzy](fuzzy.md), it is in a form
 
 [Software](software.md) is less retarded if it adheres, to a high degree (not necessarily fully), to the following principles:
 
-- Being made with a **[truly selfless](selflessness.md)** goal of maximally helping all living beings who may use the software without any intent of taking advantage of them in any way.
+- Being made with a **[truly selfless](selflessness.md)** goal of maximally helping all living beings who may use the software without any intent of taking advantage of them in any way. This is in alignment with [less retarded society](less_retarded_society.md).
 - Trying to follow the **[Unix philosophy](unix_philosophy.md)** (do one thing well, use text interfaces, ...).
-- Trying to follow the **[suckless](suckless.md) philosophy** (configs as source files, distributing in source form, mods as patches, ...).
+- Trying to follow the **[suckless](suckless.md) philosophy** (configs as source files, distributing in source form, mods as [patches](patch.md), ...).
 - Being **[minimalist](minimalism.md)** ([single compilation unit](single_compilation_unit.md), [header-only](header_only.md) libraries, no build systems, no [OOP](oop.md) languages, simple [version numbering](version_numbering.md), ...), [countercomplex](countercomplex.md), [KISS](kiss.md), [appropriate technology](appropriate_tech.md). Any project has to be **solo manageable** if that's at all possible.
-- Minimizing **[freedom distance](freedom_distance.md)**, i.e. trying to offer freedom to as many people as possible.
-- Being **[free software](free_software.md)** legally but ALSO practically (well commented, not [bloated](bloat.md) and [obscured](obscurity.md) etc., so as to truly and practically enable the freedoms to study, modify etc.). This may also include attributes such as [decentralization](decentralization.md).
+- Minimizing **[freedom distance](freedom_distance.md)**, i.e. trying to offer freedom to as many people as possible. Embracing the **[DIY](diy.md)** mindset.
+- Being **[free software](free_software.md)** legally but ALSO practically (well commented, not [bloated](bloat.md) and [obscured](obscurity.md) etc., so as to truly and practically enable the freedoms to study, modify etc.). This may also include other attributes related to [freedom](freedom.md), such as [decentralization](decentralization.md).
 - Being **[free culture](free_culture.md)**, i.e. LRS programs are free as a whole, including art assets, data etc.
 - **Minimizing [dependencies](dependency.md)**, even those such as standard library or relying on OS concepts such as files or threads, even indirect ones such as build systems and even non-software ones (e.g. avoiding [floating point](float.md), GPU, 64bit etc.).
 - Very **[portable](portability.md)**, hardware non-discriminating, i.e. being written in a portable language, minimizing resource usage (RAM, CPU, ...) and so on.
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ The definition here is not strict but rather [fuzzy](fuzzy.md), it is in a form
 - Built on top of other LRS or LRS-friendly technology such as the [C99](c.md) language, comun, Unix, our own libraries etc.
 - Simple permissive licensing (being suckless legally) with great preference of **[public domain](public_domain.md)**, e.g. with [CC0](cc0.md) + patent [waivers](waiver.md).
 - Elegant by its simple, well thought-through solutions. (This is to be contrasted with modern rapid development.)
-- **No [bullshit](bullshit.md)** such as [codes of conduct](coc.md), furry mascots, tricky licensing conditions, [ads](marketing.md) etc.
+- **No [bullshit](bullshit.md)** such as [codes of conduct](coc.md), furry mascots, tricky licensing conditions, [ads](marketing.md), [encryption](encryption.md), [obfuscation](obfuscation.md) etc.
 
 ## Further Philosophy
 
@@ -52,23 +52,23 @@ Here are a few bullet points giving further ideas about what LRS is about, also
 - Be [selfless](selflessness.md), program's goal is only to help its user.
 - Programs are efficient and take long time to make, they aren't consumerist products, they can't be made on schedule but they should aim to be [finished](finished.md).
 - No one owns programs, no one owns [data](data.md), no one owns [art](art.md), no one owns [information](information.md) and ideas. Everything is [free](free_software.md), legally AND [in any other ways](de_facto.md).
-- Use universal interfaces (text), be compatible
+- Use universal interfaces (text), be compatible.
 - No capitalist style [usercentrism](usercentrism.md): a user is NOT above programmer or any other living being (as it is in [capitalism](capitalism.md)). This means that if e.g. a feature can make user's life 1% better but will enslave additional 10 programmers with perpetual [maintenance](maintenance.md), it should NOT be added.
-- No moral/political thinking done for the user. The user decides what he wants to do, the tool will help as best as it can in whatever the user wants to do. That means no anti-[cheating](cheating.md), no [DRM](drm.md), no [censorship](censorship.md), no artificial limiting or crippling of the tool.
+- No moral/political thinking done for the user. The user decides what he wants to do, the tool will help as best as it can in whatever the user wants to do, even if the tool's author would disapprove of it. That means no anti-[cheating](cheating.md), no [DRM](drm.md), no [censorship](censorship.md), no artificial limiting or crippling of the tool.
 - Code is reusable.
-- [Hacking](hacking.md) is good. Allow hacking, allow breaking and raping of your program in ways you didn't intend, do not artificially prevent anything.
+- [Hacking](hacking.md) is good. Allow hacking, allow breaking and raping your program in ways you didn't intend, do not artificially prevent anything.
 - Be [portable](portability.md), respect weaker platforms and platforms of other types.
-- Programs are technology (NOT brands, franchises, weapons, political grounds, social networks, work opportunities, property, platforms, ...).
+- Programs are technology (NOT brands, identities, waifus, franchises, weapons, political grounds, social networks, work opportunities, property, platforms, ...). Technology is [art](art.md).
 - [Work](work.md) is [shit](shit.md), laziness is [good](good.md).
-- [Secrets](secret.md) are bad, [encryption](encryption.md) is stupid.
+- [Secrets](secret.md) are bad, [encryption](encryption.md) is stupid, [privacy](privacy.md) is [bullshit](bullshit.md).
 - [Low level](low_level.md) is good, use only minimum necessary [abstraction](abstraction.md).
 - ...
 
 ## Why
 
-LRS exists for a number of reasons, one of the main ones is that we simply need better technology -- not better as in "having more features" but better in terms of design, purpose and ethics. Technology has to make us more free, not enslave us. Technology has to be a tool that serves us, not a device for our abuse. We believe [mainstream](capitalist_software.md) technology poses a serious, even existential threat to our civilization. We don't think we can prevent [collapse](collapse.md) or a dystopian scenario on our own, or even if these can be prevented at all, but we can help nudge the technology in a better direction, we can inspire others and perhaps make the future a little brighter, even if it's destined to be dark. Even if future seems hopeless, what better can we do than try our best to make it not so?
+LRS exists for a number of reasons, one of the main ones is simply a need of better technology -- not better as in "with more features" but better in terms of design, purpose and ethics, better as in "better helping the people". Technology has to make us more [free](freedom.md), not [enslave](work.md) us. Technology has to be a tool that serves us, not a device for our abuse. We believe [mainstream](capitalist_software.md) technology poses a serious, even existential threat to our civilization. We don't think we can prevent [collapse](collapse.md) or a dystopian scenario on our own, or even if these can be prevented at all, but we can help nudge the technology in a better direction, we can inspire others and perhaps make the future a little brighter, even if it's destined to be dark. Even if future seems hopeless, what better can we do than try our best to make it not so?
 
-There are other reason for LRS as well, for example it can be very satisfying and can bring back joy of programming that's been lost in the modern toxic environment of the [capitalist](capitalism.md) mainstream. [Minimalist](minimalism.md) programming is pleasant on its own, and in many things we do we can really achieve something great because not many people are exploring this way of technology. For example there are nowadays very few programs or nice artworks that are completely [public domain](public_domain.md), which is pretty sad, but it's also an opportunity: you can be the first human to create a completely public domain software of certain kind. Software of all kind has already been written, but you can be the first one who creates a truly good version of such software so that it can e.g. be run on embedded devices. If you create something good that's public domain, you may even make some capitalist go out of business or at least lose a lot of money if he's been offering the same thing for money. You free people. That's a pretty nice feeling and makes you actually live a good life.
+There are other reason for LRS as well, for example it can be very satisfying and can bring back joy of programming that's been lost in the modern [toxic](toxic.md) environment of the [capitalist](capitalism.md) mainstream. [Minimalist](minimalism.md) programming is pleasant on its own, and in many things we do we can really achieve something great because not many people are exploring this way of technology. For example there are nowadays very few programs or nice artworks that are completely [public domain](public_domain.md), which is pretty sad, but it's also an opportunity: you can be the first human to create a completely public domain software of certain kind. Software of all kind has already been written, but you can be the first one who creates a truly good version of such software so that it can e.g. be run on embedded devices. If you create something good that's public domain, you may even make some capitalist go out of business or at least lose a lot of money if he's been offering the same thing for money. You free people. That's a pretty nice feeling and makes you actually live a good life.
 
 { Here and there I get a nice email from someone who likes something I've created, someone who just needed a simple thing and found that I've made it, that alone is worth the effort I think. ~drummyfish. }
 
@@ -166,4 +166,5 @@ With that said, the politics behind LRS is an [idealist](idealism.md) [anarcho p
 - [KISS](kiss.md)
 - [Buddhism](buddhism.md)
 - [bitreich](bitreich.md)
-- [freemasonry](freemasonry.md)
+- [freemasonry](freemasonry.md)
+- [DIY](diy.md)

lrs_dictionary.md

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 # LRS Dictionary
 
-WORK IN PROGRESS
-
 { Most of these I just heard/read somewhere, e.g. [4chan](4chan.md), [Jargon File](jargon_file.md) or from [RMS](rms.md), some I made myself. ~drummyfish }
 
 { Also sorry some are cringe, I just put everything here, pick what you like. ~drummyfish }
@@ -11,6 +9,7 @@ WORK IN PROGRESS
 | Amazon                                     | Scamazon                                                    |
 | Amazon Kindle                              | Amazon Swindle                                              |
 | American                                   | Americunt, Amerifag, Yankee, Ameridiot, American't          |
+| American football                          | handegg                                                     |
 | [anime](anime.md)                          | tranime                                                     |
 | [Apple](apple.md) user                     | iToddler, iDiot                                             |
 | [Asperger](autism.md)                      | assburger                                                   |
@@ -29,10 +28,10 @@ WORK IN PROGRESS
 | content delivery network                   | [censorship](censorship.md) delivery network                |
 | [copyright](copyright.md)                  | copywrong, copyrestriction, copyrape                        |
 | [CSS](css.md)                              | cascading stylish [shit](shit.md)                           |
-| [C++](cpp.md)                              | crippled C                                                  |
+| [C++](cpp.md)                              | crippled C, C--, C卐卐                                      |
 | [DIY](diy.md)                              | don't injure yourself                                       |
 | [Debian](debian.md)                        | Lesbian                                                     |
-| [democracy](democracy.md)                  | democrazy                                                   |
+| [democracy](democracy.md)                  | demoncracy, democrazy                                       |
 | demonetization                             | demonization, demonification                                |
 | digital garden                             | digital swamp                                               |
 | digital rights management ([DRM](drm.md))  | digital restrictions management                             |
@@ -126,3 +125,4 @@ Words you should use often include: abomination, crazy, cretin, [faggot](faggot.
 - [acronyms](acronym.md)
 - [newspeak](newspeak.md)
 - [shitword](shitword.md)
+- [political correctness](political_correctness.md)

make_all.sh

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ echo "making all"
 ./make_html.sh
 ./make_txt.sh
 ./make_pdf.sh
+./make_tts_version.sh
 
 mkdir lrs_wiki
 mkdir lrs_wiki/md
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ cp *.md lrs_wiki/md
 cp lrs_wiki.html lrs_wiki
 cp lrs_wiki.txt lrs_wiki
 cp lrs_wiki.pdf lrs_wiki
+cp lrs_wiki_tts.txt lrs_wiki
 7z a lrs_wiki.7z lrs_wiki -t7z -mfb=64 -md=32m -ms=on
 cp lrs_wiki.7z html
 

number.md

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ Now we may start working with the [data](data.md), let's for example notice we c
  32 48
 ```
 
-Here patterns start to show, for example the level one of the tree are all prime numbers. Also in this tree we can nicely find the [greatest common divisor](gcd.md) of two numbers as their closest common ancestor. Also if we go from low numbers to high numbers (1, 2, 3, ...) we see we go kind of in a zig-zag direction around the bottom-right diagonal -- what if we make a program that plots this path? Will we see something [interesting](interesting.md)? We could use this tree to encode numbers in an alternative way too, by indicating path to the number, for example *45 = {2,1,1}*. Would this be good for anything? If we write numbers like this, will some operations maybe become easier to perform? You can just keep diving down rabbit holes like this.
+Here patterns start to show, for example the level one of the tree are all prime numbers. Also in this tree we can nicely find the [greatest common divisor](gcd.md) of two numbers as their closest common ancestor. Also if we go from low numbers to high numbers (1, 2, 3, ...) we see we go kind of in a zig-zag direction around the bottom-right diagonal -- what if we make a program that plots this path? Will we see something [interesting](interesting.md)? We could use this tree to encode numbers in an alternative way too, by indicating path to the number, for example *45 = {2,1,1}*. Would this be good for anything? Would such a representation facilitate some operations? You can just keep diving down rabbit holes like this.
 
 ## Numbers In Math
 

often_confused.md

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ There exist many terms that are highly similar and can legitimately be used inte
 - **chan board** vs **image board** vs **text board**
 - **change** vs **[progress](progress.md)**
 - **[chaos](chaos.md)** vs **[randomness](random.md)** vs **[pseudorandomness](pseudorandom.md)** vs **[quasirandomness](quasirandomness.md)** vs **[entropy](entropy.md)** vs **[statistics](statistics.md)** vs **[probability](probability.md)** vs **[stochasticity](stochastic.md)**
+- **[cheater](cheating.md)** vs **[cracker](cracking.md)** vs **[hacker](hacking.md)** vs **[programmer](programmer.md)**
 - **[checksum](checksum.md)** vs **[hash](hash.md)** vs **[ID](id.md)** vs **[index](index.md)** vs **[token](token.md)** vs **[handle](handle.md)** vs **[identifier](identifier.md)**
 - **[CLI](cli.md)** vs **[TUI](tui.md)** vs **[terminal](terminal_emulator.md)** vs **[console](console.md)** vs **[shell](shell.md)** vs **[TTY](tty.md)**
 - **[clipping](clipping.md)** vs **[culling](culling.md)** vs **[pruning](pruning.md)**
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ There exist many terms that are highly similar and can legitimately be used inte
 - **[compatibility layer](compatibility_layer.md)** vs **[emulator](emulator.md)** vs **[virtual machine](vm.md)**
 - **[concurrency](concurrency.md)** vs **[parallelism](parallelism.md)** vs **[quasiparallelism](quasiparallelism.md)** vs **[distribution](distributed.md)**
 - **[conjecture](conjecture.md)** vs **[hypothesis](hypothesis.md)** vs **[theory](theory.md)** vs **[theorem](theorem.md)** vs **[lemma](lemma.md)**
-- **[constant](constant.md)** vs **[literal](literal.md)** vs **immediate operand**
+- **[constant](constant.md)** vs **[literal](literal.md)** vs **immediate operand** vs **[macro](macro.md)**
 - **[coding](coding.md)** vs **[programming](programming.md)** vs **[software engineering](software_engineering.md)**
 - **[codec](codec.md)** vs **[container format](container_format.md)**
 - **[coherence](coherence.md)** vs **[consistency](consistency.md)**

political_correctness.md

@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ While political correctness loves to boast about "diversity" and somehow "protec
 
 **Political correctness goes strictly against [free speech](free_speech.md)**, it tries to force people "to behave" and be afraid of words and talking, it creates conflict, divides society (for dividing the working class it is criticized e.g. by [Marxists](marxism.md)) and also TEACHES people to be [offended](offended_culture.md) by language -- i.e. even if a specific word wouldn't normally be used or seen in a hostile way (e.g. the *master branch* in git repositories), political correctness establishes that NOW IT IS OFFENSIVE and specific minorities SHOULD take offense, even if they normally wouldn't, supporting [offended culture](offended_culture.md) and [fight culture](fight_culture.md). I.e. political correctness can be called a [cancer](cancer.md) of society. **[LRS](lrs.md) must never adhere to political correctness!**
 
+The death of free speech can especially be seen on the [Internet](internet.md), there is an immense pressure on establishing control, surveillance and authorities over what used to be a hope for a free cybernetic world. This is of course motivated by evil interests just like any other kind of new land colonization, and political correctness is an official excuse to make it happen. It's obvious to anyone who dares to think that removing free speech from our main medium of communication so that "people's feeling don't get hurt" is similarly stupid as (and infinitely more dangerous than) removing the possibility to win or lose from the rules of [chess](chess.md) because we suddenly realized that some people may feel bad when they lose.
+
 Of course, political correctness doesn't stop at censoring simple words, don't get mistaken. Facts in textbooks and encyclopedias such as those regarding [race](race.md) and sex differences are censored and replaced with lies with the help of [soyence](soyence.md). Political correctness tries to forcefully dictate standards of a culture by an extremely rapidly changing fashion, e.g. the standard of beauty, politeness and so on -- last week we celebrated the international gender fluid day but THIS WEEK we celebrate fat disabled women with acne issues, all TV ads must have at least one crippled landwhale or else you're cancelled. If you can't keep up with their latest inventions you'll be executed -- on no, you used the term "mentally ill"! HOW DARE YOU THAT'S SO OFFENSIVELY AGGRESSIVE YOU HAVE TO SAY NEURODIVERGENT, you're basically [Hitler](hitler.md) now (but wait until next week when the word *neuro* itself becomes offensive).
 
 OK, let's get back to a bit more serious. Just for the autistic neuroretarded people persons that might misunderstand our stance on social equality: [LRS](lrs.md) is for complete social equality of all people and eventually all living beings, however political correctness has nothing to do with achieving this goal, in fact it mostly goes against it, it creates huge amount of collateral damage, it divides people and fuels social conflict rather than calm it. We try to not cure symptoms of a shit society by harmful means but rather address the root cause by transitioning to a [good society](less_retaded_society.md) without conflict where there is no need for censorship, fact distortion and brainwashing to prevent discrimination. In the society we envision accepting facts about physical inequality does not imply an attack or discrimination at all as humans don't compete by their abilities, in such society the idea of political correctness is as ridiculous as e.g. arguing we should be creating numerically more inclusive datasets with higher leading digits as by [Benford's law](benfords_law.md) smaller digits are are a statistical majority that oppresses higher digits.

programming_language.md

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ The **first [assembly](assembly.md) language** was created by Maurice Wilkes and
 
 Only the **third generation languages** made the step of adding significant [abstraction](abstraction.md) to achieve a level of comfortable development and portability -- programmers would be able to e.g. write algebraic expressions that would be automatically translated to specific instructions by the language compiler; it would be enough to write the program once and then automatically compile it for different CPUs, without the need to rewrite it. **[Fortran](fortran.md)** is considered to be first such language, made in 1957 by [IBM](ibm.md). Fortran would develop and change throughout the years, it was standardized and added more "features", it became quite popular and is still used even nowadays, it is known for being very fast. In 1958 John McCarthy started to develop **[Lisp](lisp.md)**, a highly elegant, high level language that would spawn many derivatives and remains very popular even nowadays.
 
-During late 60s the term [object oriented programming](oop.md) (OOP) appeared, as well as first languages such as Simula and [Smalltalk](smalltalk.md) that were based on this [paradigm](paradigm.md). Back then it was a rather academic experiment, not really harmful in itself; later on OOP would be seized and raped by capitalists to break computers. In 1964 the language called **[BASIC](basic.md)** appeared that was aimed at making programming easier even for non-professionals -- it would become a very popular language for the home computers. On a similar not in 1970 **[Pascal](pascal.md)** was created to be an educational language -- some hackers already saw this as too much of a retardization of programming languages (see the famous *Real Programmers Don't Use Pascal* essay).
+During late 60s the term [object oriented programming](oop.md) (OOP) appeared, as well as first languages such as Simula and [Smalltalk](smalltalk.md) based on this [paradigm](paradigm.md). Back then it was a rather academic experiment, not really harmful in itself; later on OOP would be seized and raped by capitalists to break computers. In 1964 the language called **[BASIC](basic.md)** appeared with the goal to facilitate programming to non-professionals and reached popularity as a language for home computers. On a similar note in 1970 **[Pascal](pascal.md)** was created as an educational language -- some hackers already saw this as too much of a retardation of programming languages (see the legendary rant called *Real Programmers Don't Use Pascal* essay).
 
 One of the most notable events in history of programming languages was the invention of the **[C](c.md) language** in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie and Brian Kerninghan who used it as a tool for their [Unix](unix.md) operating system. The early version C was quite different from today's C but the language as a whole is undoubtedly the most important one in history -- it's not the most elegant one but it achieved the exactly correct mixture of features, simplicity and correct design choices such as allowing freedom and flexibility of implementation that would in turn lead to extreme efficiency and adoption by many, to standardization, further leading to many implementations and their high [optimization](optimization.md) which in turned increased C's popularity yet more and so on. From this point on new languages would typically in one way or another try to iterate on C. Also in 1972 the **first [esoteric programming language](esolang.md)** -- INTERCAL -- was created as kind of parody language. This would create a dedicated community of people creating similar "funny" language, which is highly active even today.
 

reactionary_software.md

@@ -25,4 +25,5 @@ Examples of reactionary software include (examples from the site itself):
 - [suckless](suckless.md)
 - [KISS](kiss.md)
 - [bitreich](bitreich.md)
-- [LRS](lrs.md)
+- [LRS](lrs.md)
+- [appropriate technology](appropriate_technology.md)

security.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 *"As passwords first appeared at the MIT AI Lab I decided to follow my belief that there should be no passwords... I don't believe it's desirable to have security on a computer."* -- [Richard Stallman](rms.md) (from the book *Free As In Freedom*)
 
-Computer security (also cybersecurity) is a [bullshit](bullshit.md) field of study of designing [computer](computer.md) systems so as to make them hard to ["attack"](fight_culture.md) (which usually means accessing "sensitive" information, manipulating it or destabilizing the system itself). At the dawn of computer era security wasn't such a big deal as society wasn't yet so fucked up and didn't depend on computers so much, the damage one could cause by exploiting computers was limited, however once consumer technology became forced by [capitalism](capitalism.md), [internetworked](internet.md) and put into EVERYTHING -- companies, governments, streets, homes, clothes, even human bodies and things that can work better without such technology (see e.g. [Internet of stinks](iot.md)) -- [privacy](privacy.md) became another bullshit issue of society as [cracking](cracking.md) now theoretically allows not only killing individuals but wiping whole countries off the map; however despite computer networks really being vulnerable, capitalists additionally smelled a new "business opportunity" and started adding fuel to the fire, skyrocketing [fear](fear_culture.md) and paranoia. Recently security has really become a lot about ensuring digital "[privacy](privacy.md)", it's really causing an incredible deals of hysteria. Everyone is obsessed with security nowadays, sadly even most of the smart guys have fallen victims to it -- cartels and [corporations](corporation.md) have erected their "security" businesses that are now destroying everything, all the [antiviruses](antivirus_paradox.md), [cloudflares](cloudflare.md), captchas, [https](https.md) certificate markets, [VPNs](vpn.md), [VMs](vm.md) and sandboxes, enormously bloated encrypted ["secure networks"](tor.md), password managers and all kinds of other unbelievable idiocy -- and of course, most of it is just security theater.
+Computer security (also cybersecurity) is a [bullshit](bullshit.md) field of study of designing [computer](computer.md) systems so as to make them hard to ["attack"](fight_culture.md) (which usually means accessing "sensitive" information, manipulating it or destabilizing the system itself). At the dawn of computer era security wasn't such a big deal as society wasn't yet so fucked up and didn't depend on computers so much, the damage one could cause by exploiting computers was limited, however once consumer technology became forced by [capitalism](capitalism.md), [internetworked](internet.md) and put into EVERYTHING -- companies, governments, streets, homes, clothes, even human bodies and things that can work better without such technology (see e.g. [Internet of stinks](iot.md)) -- [privacy](privacy.md) became another bullshit issue of society as [cracking](cracking.md) now theoretically allows not only killing individuals but wiping whole countries off the map; however despite computer networks really being vulnerable, capitalists additionally smelled a new "business opportunity" and started adding fuel to the fire, skyrocketing [fear](fear_culture.md) and paranoia. Recently security has really become a lot about ensuring digital "[privacy](privacy.md)", it's really causing an incredible deals of hysteria. Everyone is obsessed with security nowadays, sadly even most of the smart guys have fallen victims to it -- cartels and [corporations](corporation.md) have erected their "security" businesses that are now destroying everything, all the [antiviruses](antivirus_paradox.md), [cloudflares](cloudflare.md), captchas, [https](https.md) certificate markets, [VPNs](vpn.md), [VMs](vm.md) and sandboxes, enormously bloated encrypted ["secure networks"](tor.md), password managers and all kinds of other staggering idiocy -- and of course, most of it is just security theater.
 
 **Security is in its essence a huge, completely unnecessary [bullshit](bullshit.md)**. It shouldn't exist, the need for more security comes from the fact we live in a [shitty dystopia](capitalism.md). Consider that there are so many people who could cure [cancer](cancer.md) or solve world hunger but instead spend their whole life sweating about how to encrypt your dick size two million times and send it through twelve proxies so that no one gets to know your actual dick size, preventing your "PERSONAL DAATAAAZ" from being STOLEN by other people who are actively supported and empowered to do so by people this very "security expert with a furry stickers on his laptop" voted for in elections :'D Nothing gets achieved, lives of geniuses are wasted on their lifelong [fights](fight_culture.md) just so that they are busy not doing much damage they've been taught by the competitive culture to instinctively want to do. In a [good society](less_retarded_society.md) there would be no need for security and people could spend their time by solving real problems. We, [LRS](lrs.md), advocate NOT for increasing security (which leads to things like police states, [censorship](censorship.md), [bloat](bloat.md) etc.), but for decreasing the need for it, i.e. steering society towards a better direction. Remember, **secrets are always bad**, need for secrecy is an indicator something is wrong on a more fundamental level.
 

terry_davis.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 Terry A. Davis, aka the *divine intellect* and *smartest programmer that ever lived*, born 1969 (lol 69) in Wisconsin, was a genius+[schizophrenic](schizo.md) [programmer](programming.md) that singlehandedly created [TempleOS](temple_os.md) in his own [programming language](programming_language.md) called [HolyC](holyc.md), and greatly entertained and enlightened an audience of followers until his tragic untimely death. For his programming skills and quality videos he became a legend and a [meme](meme.md) in the tech circles, especially on [4chan](4chan.md) which additionally valued his [autistic](autism.md) and [politically incorrect](political_correctness.md) behavior.
 
-He was convinced he could talk to [God](god.md) and that God commanded him to make an operating system with certain parameters such as 640x480 resolution, also known as the God resolution. According to himself he was gifted a *divine intellect* and was, in his own words, the "best programmer that ever lived". Terry was making [YouTube](youtube.md) talking/programming videos in which God was an often discussed topic, alongside valuable programming advice and a bit of good old [racism](racism.md). He was also convinced that the government was after him and often delved into the conspiracies against him, famously proclaiming that **"CIA [niggers](nigger.md) glow in the dark"** ("glowing in dark" subsequently caught on as a phrase used for anything [suspicious](sus.md)). He was in mental hospital several times and later became homeless, but continued to post videos from his van. An entertaining fact is also that he fell in love with a famous female physics YouTuber Dianna Cowern which he stalked online. In 2018 he was killed by a train (officially a [suicide](suicide.md) but word has it CIA was involved) but he left behind tons of videos full of endless entertainment, and sometimes even genuine [wisdom](wisdom.md).
+He was convinced he could talk to [God](god.md) and that God commanded him to make an operating system with certain parameters such as 640x480 resolution, also known as the *God's resolution*. Terry self proclaimed he's been gifted *divine intellect* and was, in his own words, the "best programmer that ever lived". Terry was making [YouTube](youtube.md) talking/programming videos in which God was an often discussed topic, alongside valuable programming advice and a bit of good old [racism](racism.md). He was also convinced that the government was after him and often delved into the conspiracies against him, famously proclaiming that **"CIA [niggers](nigger.md) glow in the dark"** ("glowing in dark" subsequently caught on as a phrase used for anything [suspicious](sus.md)). He was in mental hospital several times and later became homeless, but continued to post videos from his van. An entertaining fact is also that he fell in love with a famous female physics YouTuber Dianna Cowern which he stalked online. In 2018 he was killed by a train (officially a [suicide](suicide.md) but word has it CIA was involved) but he left behind tons of videos full of endless entertainment, and sometimes even genuine [wisdom](wisdom.md).
 
 Terry, just as [us](lrs.md), greatly valued [simplicity](minimalism.md) and [fun](fun.md) in programming, he was a low-level programmer and saw that technology went to [shit](shit.md) and wanted to create something in the oldschool style, and he expressed his will to dedicate his creation to the [public domain](public_domain.md). This is of course extremely based and appreciated by [us](lrs.md) (though the actual public domain dedication wasn't executed according to our recommendations).
 

thrembo.md

@@ -14,4 +14,5 @@ Some pressing questions about thrembo remaining to be researched are following.
 - [asankhyeya](asankhyeya.md)
 - [42](42.md)
 - [pi](pi.md)
-- [Listenbourg](listenbourg.md)
+- [Listenbourg](listenbourg.md)
+- [contrafibularities](contrafibularities.md)

unix.md

@@ -26,3 +26,30 @@ In the early 1970s the system got funding as well as its name Unix (a pun on Mul
 Unix then started being sold commercially. This led to its fragmentation into different versions such as the [BSD](bsd.md) or [Solaris](solaris.md). In 1983 a version called System V was released which would become one of the most successful. The fragmentation and a lack of a unified standard led to so called [Unix Wars](unix_wars.md) in the late 1980s, which led to a few Unix standards such as [POSIX](posix.md) and Single Unix Specification.
 
 For [zoomers](genz.md) and other noobs: Unix wasn't like [Windows](windows.md), it was more like [DOS](dos.md), things were done in [text interface](cli.md) only (even a [TUI](tui.md) or just colorful text was a luxury) -- if you use the command line in "[Linux](linux.md)" nowadays, you'll get an idea of what it was like, except it was all even more primitive. Things we take for granted such as a [mouse](mouse.md), [copy-pastes](copy_paste.md), interactive text editors, having multiple user accounts or [running multiple programs at once](multitasking.md) were either non-existent or advanced features in the early days. There weren't even personal computers back then, people accessed share computers over terminals. Anything these guys did you have to see as done with stone tools -- they didn't have GPUs, gigaherts CPUs, gigabytes of RAM, scripting languages like Python or JavaScript, Google, stack overflow, wifi, mice, IDEs, multiple HD screens all around, none of that -- and yet they programmed faster, less buggy software that was much more efficient. If this doesn't make you think, then probably nothing will.
+
+## How To
+
+UNDER CONSTRUCTION
+
+*Note: here by "Unix" we will assume a system conforming to the POSIX standard from 2001.*
+
+This section will help complete noobs kickstart their journey with a Unix-like system such as [GNU](gnu.md)/[Linux](linux.md) or [BSD](bsd.md). Please be aware that each system has its additional specifics, for example [package managers](package_manager.md), init systems and so on -- these you must learn about elsewhere as here we may only cover the core parts those systems inherited from the original Unix. Having learned this though you should be able to somewhat fly any Unix like system.
+
+Learning to use Unix practically means **learning the [command line](cli.md)** plus a few extra things (such as various concepts, philosophies, conventions, file system structure etc.). Your system will have a way for you to enter the command line where you can interact with it only through textual commands (i.e. without [GUI](gui.md)). Sometimes the system boots up to command line, sometimes you must click some icon (usually called *terminal*, *term*, *shell*, *command line* etc.), sometimes you can switch [TTY](tty.md)s with *CTRL+ALT+Fkeys* etc. To command line virgins this will seem a little intimidating but it's absolutely required to know at least the basics, on Unices the command line is extremely powerful, efficient and much can only ever be achieved through command line.
+
+**The gist**: unsurprisingly in command line you write commands -- many of these are actually tiny programs called **Unix utilities** (or just "utils"). These are tools for you to do whatever you want (including stuff that on normie systems are usually done by clicking with a [mouse](mouse.md)). For example `ls` is a program that writes out list of files in the working directory, `cd` is a program that changes working directory etc. There are many more such programs and you must learn at least the most commonly used ones. Good news is that these programs are more or less the same on every Unix system so you just learn this once. There also exist other kinds of commands -- those defined by the shell language ([shell](shell.md) is basically a fancy word for the textual interface), which allow us to combine the utilities together and even [program](programming.md) the shell (we call this [scripting](script.md)). First learn the utils (see the list below).
+
+PRO TIP: convenient features are often implemented, most useful ones include going through the history of previously typed commands with UP/DOWN keys and completing commands with the TAB key, which you'll find yourself using very frequently. Try it. It's enough to type just first few letters and then press tab, the command will be completed (at least as much as can be guessed).
+
+You run a utility simply by writing its name, for example typing `ls` will show you a list of files in your current directory. Very important is the `man` command that shows you a **manual page** for another command, e.g. typing `man ls` should display a page explaining the utility in detail. Short help for a utility can also be obtained by writing `-h` after it, for example `grep -h`.
+
+Unix utilities (and other programs) can also be invoked with **arguments** that specify more detail about what should be done. Arguments are written after the utility name and are separated by spaces (if the argument itself should contain space, it must be enclosed between double quotes, e.g. `"abc def"`). For example the `cd` (change directory) utility must be given the name of a directory to go to, e.g. `cd mydirectory`.
+
+
+TODO: utils, shell, sh (running programs, ...), usual "workflows" (man pages, history, arrows, tab-completion, ...), often used commands, examples, permissions
+
+## See Also
+
+- [unix philosophy](unix_philosophy.md)
+- [Linux](linux.md)
+- [GNU](gnu.md)

version_numbering.md

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ program version: 1958623590
 
 ### Numbering only releases
 
-Another relatively simple system, closer to the mainstream ones, that tries to not be [dependent](dependency.md) on having a [version control system](vcs.md) such as [git](git.md), i.e. this system works without being able to make different development branches and can be comfortably used even if you're just developing a project in a local directory without any fancy tools. Of course you can use a VCS, this system will just make you depend less on it so that you can make easier transitions to a different VCS or for example drop a VCS altogether and just develop your projects in a directory with FTP downloads.
+Another relatively simple system, closer to the mainstream ones, that tries to not be [dependent](dependency.md) on having a [version control system](vcs.md) such as [git](git.md), i.e. this system works without being able to make different development branches and can be comfortably used even if you're just developing a project in a local directory without any fancy tools. Of course you can use a VCS, this system just makes you depend less on it and facilitates transitions between different VCSes or even dropping a VCS altogether and just using [FTP](ftp.md) or something.
 
 Version string is of format *major.minor* with optional suffix letter `d`, e.g. 0.35, 1.0 or 2.1d.
 

wiki_stats.md

@@ -3,17 +3,17 @@
 This is an autogenerated article holding stats about this wiki.
 
 - number of articles: 624
-- number of commits: 974
-- total size of all texts in bytes: 5079782
-- total number of lines of article texts: 36892
-- number of script lines: 295
+- number of commits: 975
+- total size of all texts in bytes: 5082948
+- total number of lines of article texts: 36906
+- number of script lines: 322
 - occurrences of the word "person": 10
 - occurrences of the word "nigger": 113
 
 longest articles:
 
 - [c_tutorial](c_tutorial.md): 128K
-- [exercises](exercises.md): 116K
+- [exercises](exercises.md): 120K
 - [chess](chess.md): 100K
 - [how_to](how_to.md): 80K
 - [capitalism](capitalism.md): 76K
@@ -35,60 +35,79 @@ longest articles:
 
 top 50 5+ letter words:
 
-- which (2806)
+- which (2810)
 - there (2198)
-- people (2162)
-- example (1758)
+- people (2163)
+- example (1760)
 - other (1588)
-- about (1412)
-- number (1327)
+- about (1413)
+- number (1329)
 - software (1253)
 - because (1173)
-- their (1100)
-- would (1067)
-- something (1049)
+- their (1101)
+- would (1066)
+- something (1050)
 - program (1036)
-- being (1022)
+- being (1023)
 - things (961)
 - language (935)
-- called (925)
+- called (926)
 - without (863)
 - function (863)
-- simple (855)
+- simple (857)
 - computer (841)
 - numbers (830)
 - different (795)
-- however (774)
+- however (775)
 - these (773)
 - programming (770)
 - world (756)
 - system (729)
 - should (716)
 - doesn (711)
-- still (708)
-- games (684)
-- while (671)
+- still (710)
+- games (686)
 - society (670)
+- while (669)
 - point (669)
-- drummyfish (662)
+- drummyfish (663)
 - simply (654)
 - possible (653)
-- probably (642)
-- using (638)
-- always (625)
+- probably (643)
+- using (639)
+- always (626)
 - course (608)
-- similar (600)
+- similar (601)
 - https (591)
 - actually (589)
-- someone (586)
+- someone (587)
 - though (580)
 - basically (569)
 - really (568)
-- technology (549)
+- technology (550)
 
 latest changes:
 
 ```
+Date:   Wed Feb 26 18:17:24 2025 +0100
+  3d_rendering.md
+  anpac.md
+  books.md
+  disease.md
+  exercises.md
+  freemasonry.md
+  furry.md
+  hacking.md
+  lmao.md
+  love.md
+  main.md
+  random_page.md
+  rgb332.md
+  rgb565.md
+  sorting.md
+  suicide.md
+  wiki_pages.md
+  wiki_stats.md
 Date:   Sun Feb 23 21:54:51 2025 +0100
   altruism.md
   body_shaming.md
@@ -108,26 +127,6 @@ Date:   Sun Feb 23 21:54:51 2025 +0100
   lmao.md
   lrs_dictionary.md
   main.md
-  marble_race.md
-  nigger.md
-  random_page.md
-  rock.md
-  stereotype.md
-  sub_rosa.md
-  venus_project.md
-  wiki_pages.md
-  wiki_stats.md
-  wikipedia.md
-  woman.md
-  www.md
-Date:   Sat Feb 22 20:35:24 2025 +0100
-  ancap.md
-  bit.md
-  body_shaming.md
-  docker.md
-  lrs.md
-  often_confused.md
-  political_correctness.md
 ```
 
 most wanted pages:
@@ -160,7 +159,7 @@ most popular and lonely pages:
 - [c](c.md) (237) 
 - [bloat](bloat.md) (229) 
 - [free_software](free_software.md) (197) 
-- [game](game.md) (151) 
+- [game](game.md) (152) 
 - [suckless](suckless.md) (149) 
 - [proprietary](proprietary.md) (134) 
 - [modern](modern.md) (121) 

www.md

@@ -122,4 +122,5 @@ A great deal of information on the Internet is sadly presented via web pages in
 - [Kwangmyong](kwangmyong.md)
 - [cyberspace](cyberspace.md)
 - [SNet](snet.md)
-- [how to make a website](how_to.md)
+- [how to make a website](how_to.md)
+- [HTML](html.md)

zero.md

@@ -6,13 +6,14 @@ Some properties of and facts about the number zero follow:
 
 - It is [even](even.md).
 - It is neither positive nor negative, it lies exactly on the boundary of positive and negative numbers. However in some computer numeric encodings (such as [one's complement](ones_complement.md)) there exist two representations of zero and so we may hear about a positive and negative zero, even though mathematically there is no such a thing.
-- It is a [whole number](integer.md), a [natural number](natural_number.md), a [rational number](rational_number.md), a [real number](real_number.md) and a [complex number](complex_number.md).
-- It is **NOT** a [prime number](prime.md).
+- It is a [whole number](integer.md), [natural number](natural_number.md), [rational number](rational_number.md), [real number](real_number.md), [complex number](complex_number.md), [quaternion](quaternion.md) and more. Very often however it is excluded from [natural numbers](natural_number.md).
+- It is **NOT** a [prime number](prime.md). It isn't a [perfect number](perfect_number.md) either.
 - It is an additive identity, i.e. adding 0 to anything has no effect. Subtracting 0 from anything also has no effect.
 - Multiplying anything by 0 gives 0, zero needs no units. Zero of anything is the same as zero of anything else: zero elephants is the same as zero frogs.
 - Its graphical representation in all traditional numeral systems is the same: 0. To distinguish it graphically from the letter *O* it's sometimes crossed over with a line, or a dot is put in the middle.
 - 0^*x* (zero to the power of *x*), for *x* not equal to 0, is always 0.
 - *x*^0 (*x* to the power of 0), for *x* not equal to 0, is always 1.
+- Counterintuitively (but conveniently) the [factorial](factorial.md) of 0 is defined to be 1.
 - 0^0 (0 to the power of 0) is generally **not defined**! However sometimes it's convenient to define it as equal to 1.
 - In [programming](programming.md) we start counting from 0 (unlike in real life where we start with 1), so we may encounter the term **zeroth** item (we say such system of counting is *zero-based*). We count from 0 because we normally express offsets from the first item, i.e. 0 means "0 places after the initial item".
 - It is, along with 1, one of the symbols used in [binary](binary.md) logic and is normally interpreted as the "off"/"false"/"low" value.
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ Some properties of and facts about the number zero follow:
 - As it is one of the most commonly used numbers in programming,  computers sometimes deal with it in special ways, for example in [assembly](assembly.md) languages there are often special instructions for comparing to 0 (e.g. `NEZ`, not equals zero) which can save memory and also be faster. So as a programmer you may optimize your program by trying to use zeros if possible.
 - In [C](c.md) and many other languages 0 represents the [false](false.md) value, a function returning 0 many times signifies an [error](error.md) during the execution of that function. However 0 also sometimes means success, e.g. as a return value from the main function. 0 is also often used to signify [infinity](infinity.md), no limit or lack of value (e.g. [NULL](null.md) pointer normally points to address 0 and means "pointing nowhere").
 - [Historically](history.md) the concept of number zero seems to have appeared at least 3000 BC and is thought to signify an advanced abstract thinking, though it was first used only as a positional symbol for writing numbers and only later on took the meaning of a number signifying "nothing".
+- In measurements where we use units 0 is often the only value that doesn't need a unit specified as 0 of any unit is always the same quantity: none. Not always however, for example the absolute temperature of 0 degrees Celsius is different than 0 Kelvin.
 
 It's common knowledge that **dividing by zero is not defined** (although zero itself can be divided), it is a forbidden operation mainly because it breaks equations (allowing dividing by zero would also allow us to make basically any equation hold, even those that normally don't). In programming dividing by zero typically causes an error, crash of a program or an [exception](exception.md). In some programming languages [floating point](float.md) division by zero results in [infinity](infinity.md) or [NaN](nan.md). When operating with [limits](limit.md), we can handle divisions by zero in a special way (find out what value an [expression](expression.md) approaches if we get infinitely close to dividing by 0).