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@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ The year 1492 marks the **discovery of America** by Christopher Columbus who sai
In 1642 Blaise Pascal, a french mathematician/inventor/philosopher, invented *Pascaline*, a simple [mechanical](mechanical.md) calculator (however building on ideas dating back to antiquity), laying some very early foundations for automatic computation. (The [Pascal](pascal.md) programming language is named after him.) Shortly after Pascal another genius, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, further developed some basic theory (related e.g. to [binary](binary.md) system and [algorithms](algorithm.md)) that would much later on evolve into computer science.
During 1700s a major shift in civilization occurred, called the **[Industrial Revolution](industrial_revolution.md)** -- this was another disaster that would lead to the transformation of common people to factory slaves and loss of their self sufficiency. The revolution spanned roughly from 1750 to 1850. It was a process of rapid change in the whole society due to new technological inventions that also led to big changes in how a man lived his daily life. It started in Great Britain but quickly spread over the whole world. One of the main changes was the **transition from manual manufacturing to factory manufacturing** using machines and sources of energy such as coal. **[Steam engine](steam_engine.md) played a key role**. Work became a form of a highly organized slavery system, society became industrionalized. This revolution became highly [criticized](ted_kaczynski.md) as it unfortunately opened the door for [capitalism](capitalism.md), made people dependent on the system as everyone had to become a specialized cog in the society machine, at this time people started to measure time in minutes and lead very planned lives with less joy. But there was no way back.
During 1700s a major shift in civilization occurred, called the **[Industrial Revolution](industrial_revolution.md)** -- this was another disaster that would lead to the transformation of common people to factory slaves and loss of their self sufficiency. The revolution spanned roughly from 1750 to 1850. It was a process of rapid change in the whole society due to new technological inventions that also led to big changes in how a man lived his daily life. It commenced in Great Britain but quickly spread over the whole world. One of the main changes was the **transition from manual manufacturing to factory manufacturing** using machines and sources of energy such as coal. **[Steam engine](steam_engine.md) played a key role**. Work became a form of a highly organized slavery system, society became industrionalized. This revolution became highly [criticized](ted_kaczynski.md) as it unfortunately opened the door for [capitalism](capitalism.md), made people dependent on the system as everyone had to become a specialized cog in the society machine, at this time people started to measure time in minutes and lead very planned lives with less joy. But there was no way back.
In 1712 Thomas Newcomen invented the first widely used **[steam engine](steam_engine.md)** used mostly for pumping water, even though steam powered machines have already been invented long time ago. The engine was significantly improved by [James Watt](james_watt.md) in 1776. Around 1770 Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot created a first somewhat working **steam-powered [car](car.md)**. In 1784 William Murdoch built a small prototype of a **[steam locomotive](steam_locomotive.md)** which would be perfected over the following decades, leading to a transportation revolution; people would be able to travel far away for work, the world would become smaller which would be the start of **[globalization](globalization.md)**. The railway system would make common people measure time with minute precision.
@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ August 12 1981 would see the released of **[IBM PC](ibm_pc.md)**, a personal com
In 1983 **[Richard Stallman](rms.md) announced his [GNU](gnu.md) project and invented [free (as in freedom) software](free_software.md)**, a kind of software that is freely shared and developed by the people so as to respect the users' freedom. This kind of ethical software stands opposed to the [proprietary](proprietary.md) corporate software, it would lead to creation of some of the most important software and to a whole revolution in software development and its licensing, it would spark the creation of other movements striving for keeping ethics in the information age.
1985: on November 20 the first version of the **[Windows](windows.md) operating system** was sadly released by [Microsoft](microsoft.md). These systems would become the mainstream desktop operating systems despite their horrible design and they would unfortunately establish so called [Windows philosophy](windows_philosophy.md) that would irreversibly corrupt other mainstream technology. Also in 1985 one of the deadliest software [bugs](bug.md) appeared: that in [Therac-25](therac_25.md), a medical radiotherapy device which fatally overdosed several patients with radiation.
1985: on November 20 the first version of the **[Windows](windows.md) operating system** was sadly released by [Microsoft](microsoft.md). This malware would become the mainstream desktop operating system despite its obnoxious design and would sadly forever stain computer technology with so called [Windows philosophy](windows_philosophy.md), irreversibly corrupting other mainstream technology as well. Also in 1985 one of the deadliest software [bugs](bug.md) appeared: that in [Therac-25](therac_25.md), a medical radiotherapy device which fatally overdosed several patients with radiation.
On April 26 1986 the **[Chernobyl](chernobyl.md) nuclear disaster** happened (the worst power plant accident in history) -- in north Ukraine (at the time under [USSR](ussr.md)) a nuclear [power plant](power_plant.md) exploded, contaminated a huge area with [radioactivity](radioactivity.md) and released a toxic radioactive cloud that would spread over Europe -- many would die either directly or indirectly (many years later due to radioactivity poisoning, estimated at many thousands). The Chernobyl area would be sealed in the 30 km radius. It is estimated the area won't be habitable again for several thousands of years.