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procgen.md
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procgen.md
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@ -23,6 +23,196 @@ We use procedural generation mainly in two ways:
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Indeed we may also do something "in between", e.g. generate procedural assets into temporary files or RAM [caches](cache.md) at run time and depending on the situation, for example when purely realtime generation of such assets would be too slow.
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## Example
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## Examples
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TODO
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Here are some cool [ASCII renderings](ascii_art.md) of procedurally generated pictures:
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```
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....,':..:.,.c;:,,.,'M0....',:c.,c,'o:xcx.',.'l:,;'.:.,
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...''.'..:.,.;,''x0Xoc;:::::;lo.':o,c;;c..:l.,''..,...,
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.',......',;':',oKxl:'.........',;cX:o0k.'l':''......,.
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.;........''';l.:x;,Kkocl;::::;lcxX':cX;'o',,.........,
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.:.'........'l;.Kc:Xol:,'.......'':;ck0c'.l',.'.......'
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l.'.''.....'.:..XlXo;,'..xooccooxkXKMW.'.:,:..,'..',.,,
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...,;,....,.:,.olcxl:'.cl;::,,,::;;coklxolcl..',';'::,'
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'':c:.;'.:'l,..oxo:;,.l:,''......'',:.,...'',;;c..c:o;c
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x.''.l':k'.l,..oc;;;,;:''.....xxkXK0xKxxxxxk.''''',:.,'
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xlc00lkl,.xc;.Xxl::,,:,'...;;;llccol;l;;lllxxxxxkkK;ck'
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c:kX:x:klWKxl.KXc;,,'.'..,,,,,,::;,,,,:,:,cooxkK,:;cxKW
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oo':o,kl,Kxl:'MKk;;,'....''..''''''''','''',,:;coX0,;oX
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c.,o,Xc,.kc;,.Kkoc;:'...............''',,:;c..',;ck.';o
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.:.:.o:'.xl:'..xc;:,''..................'',:lo..,:ck.:c
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;.l'.l,..o;,'..ol;,''..............'',;...',:lx..,lx.,c
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'x:.xl,..o;:'...l:,''...... ......'',:l...':;o..,lx.:x
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.c,.xl,..xl:,'...;,''..............'',;lo..',;o..,l.'l.
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.c:.kc:,..ol:,''..................'',:;cx..':lx.':o.:.:
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0o;'.kc;,'..c;:,,'''...............':;cokK.,;ck.,cX,o,.
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'Xo;,0Xoc;:,,'''','''''''''..''....',;;kKM':lxK,lk,o:'o
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:WKxc;:,Kkxooc,:,:,,,,;::,,,,,,..'.',,;cXK.lxKWlk:x:Xk:
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:'kc;Kkkxxxxxlll;;l;loccll;;;...',:,,::lxX.;cx.,lkl00cl
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:',.:,'''''.kxxxxxKx0KXkxx.....'':;,;;;co..,l.'k:'l.''.
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oc;o:c..c;;,''...,.:,''......'',:l.,;:oxo..,l':.';.:c:'
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,',::';','..lcloxlkoc;;::,,,::;lc.':lxclo.,:.,....,;,..
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',,.,'..',..:,:.'.WMKXkxooccoox..',;oXlX..:.'.....''.'.
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;'.......'.,'l.'c0kc;:''.......',:loX:cK.;l'........'.:
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,,.........,,'o';Xc:'Xxcl;::::;lcokK,;x:.l;'''........;
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..,......'':'l'.k0o:Xc;,'.........':lxKo,':';,'......,'
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.,...,..'',.l:..c;;c,o:'.ol;:::::;coX0x'',;.,.:..'.''..
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0KXXkkxxooooccccccoxo;:,'...',:;lcoxXWKXkkxxxooooccccco
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XMXxxooocccclllllllllcl:,'...',:;lcokK0Xxxoooccclllllll
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kK0Xxocccllll;;;;;;;;;;l;,'..'',:;lcxk0Kkooccclll;;;;;;
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xXMKkocllll;;;;:::::::::;;,'..',:;lcoxXMXxoclll;;;;;:::
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okKKkxclll;;;;:::::::,:::;:'..'',:;loxXMXkocll;;;;:::::
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okK0kxcll;;;;:::::::,,,::::,...',:;lcxX0Kkocll;;;;:::::
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xk0Kkoclll;;;;:::::::::::;:'..',,:;coxXWXxoclll;;;;::::
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xXWXxocclll;;;;;;:::::;;l:,...',:;lcokK0kxocclll;;;;;::
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k0Kkxooccclllll;;;;;;lll:,'..',:;lcoxXMXkooocccllll;;;;
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K0Xkxxxoooccccclllccoc;:,'..',,:;lcxk0Kkkxxooocccccllll
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W0KXXkkxxxoooooooxkol;,''..',,:;lcokKM0KXXkkxxxooooooox
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K0MM0KXXXkkkkkXK0kcl:,''..'',:;lcokXXK0W00KXXXkkkkkXKMx
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kXXK00WMM00MW0k0xcl:,''..'',:;lcoxxxkkXKK0MWM000MMKkXol
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xkkkXXXKKKXXxkKxcl;:,'...',,:;lccooxxxkkXXXKKKKXkxXXoc;
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xxxkkkkkkkxoxMkol;:,''..'',:;llcccoooxxxkkkkkkkxckKxcl;
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oxxxxkkkkxolk0xcl;:,'...'',:;llcccooooxxxxkkkxxooKXxcl;
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oxxxkkkkkxxck0kol;:,'...'',:;llcccoooxxxxkkkkkxocXKxcl;
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xxkkkXXXXXkxcKXoc;:,''...',::;lccoooxxxkkkXXXXXkxxWkol;
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kkXXKK000000XkKkol;:,'...'',:;lcooxxxkkXXKK00000KXoMxcl
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XKK0W00KKXXXXK0XXol;:,'. .',::;lcxkkXXK0MM0KKKXXXKKWXkc
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0W0KKXkkkxxxxxxxkKxc;:,'...',:;;coxXK0M0KXXkkkxxxxxxxkM
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0KXkkxxxooooccccccoxol:,'...',:;lcoxXMKXkkxxxoooccccccc
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XMXkxooocccllllllllllcc;,'...',:;lcokK0Xxxoooccclllllll
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kK0Xxocccllll;;;;;;;;;;l;,'..'',:;lcxk0Kkxoccllll;;;;;;
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xX0Kkocllll;;;;:::::::::;;,'..',:;lcoxXMXxoclll;;;;;:::
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okKKkxclll;;;;:::::::,:::;:'..'',:;loxXMXkocll;;;;:::::
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okK0kxclll;;;:::::::,,,::::,...',:;lcxX0Kkocll;;;;:::::
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xk0Kkoclll;;;;:::::::::::;:'..',,:;coxXWXxoclll;;;;::::
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xXWXxoccllll;;;;;:::::;;c:,...',:;lcokK0kxocclll;;;;;::
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k0Kkxooccclllll;;;;;;lcl:,'..',:;lcoxXWXxooocccllll;;;;
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;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
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ll;;;;;;;;;;;;llllll;;;;;;;;;;;;llcxolllcXocl;;;;;;;;;;
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.',ol;;;;;;lol:,,,,,;Kl;;;;;;lo:'...........',ll;;;;;;l
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....:c;;;;lc,'.......':c;;;;ll'....':;ll:,'....,o;;;;lK
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;'...;l;;;l;'.........,o;;;;x'...,xl;;;;;;ll'...:l;;;ll
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c:...'c;;;;o,'.......'cl;;;l:...'xl;;;;;;;;l;'..'0;;;;c
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x,...';l;;;;lcc:,,:;xl;;;;;K'...';cl;;;;;;lx,'...:l;;;;
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'.....';l;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;lW,.....',;xoookc:,'....':c;;;
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.......',:ocll;;;;;;llck;,'..........''''.........',:co
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...........''''''''''''...............................'
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.......................................................
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'''.............................'',,:::::,,,''.........
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;lcl,'......',:;;l;:,''......':xl;;;;;;;;;;;lcc,'......
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;;;;l;'...':Wll;;;;;lo;'....,x;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;ll'....,
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l;;;;l,...,kl;;;;;;;;;c:...'k;;;;lo:,'''',ll;;;;l:...'l
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:c;;;;c'..'ll;;;;;;;;;o,...:l;;;lc'.......',o;;;;o'..';
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:o;;;;l,...':ol;;;;lll,...'X;;;;l;'.......',Xl;;;l:...'
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xl;;;;;c:'.....'''''.....'ol;;;;;cl,''''',:Wl;;;;;l:'..
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;;;;;;;;lo;,'........'':xl;;;;;;;;;llccccll;;;;;;;;lcl,
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;;;;;;;;;;;;llllllllll;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
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;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
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;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
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:coll;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;lck;,,'''''',:lxll;;;;;;;
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...';l;;;;;;lloxllckcl;;;;;;lW,'..............':c;;;;;;
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'....:l;;;;lo,'....',;c;;;;;X'...',ocllllo;,....,c;;;;l
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l;'..'0;;;;c:'......',k;;;;l,...,o;;;;;;;;;ll'..'l;;;;l
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;c,...:l;;;;o:''...',ol;;;;o'..'cl;;;;;;;;;;c:...,c;;;;
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lX,...'ll;;;;;llcccl;;;;;;o,...';l;;;;;;;;;lo,...';l;;;
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;,'....':cl;;;;;;;;;;;;;lc,.....':Kcllllllcl,'....':xl;
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'........'',;cKoccoxo;:,'........''',,,,,,''.... ...'',
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```
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These were created in extremely simple way, without even using any [noise](noise.md) -- each picture here has each pixel computed by plugging the *x* and *y* coordinate to a quite simple equation using basic functions like [sine](sin.md), [square root](sqrt.md), absolute value, triangle wave etc. More complex methods will probably iteratively apply various filters, they may employ things like [cellular automata](cellular_automaton.md) and so on, however here you see even a very [simple](kiss.md) approach may often be [good enough](good_enough.md). The [C](c.md) code to generate the pictures above is following (for simplicity using [floats](float.md) and math.h, which in serious programs should be avoided):
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{ NOTE: The equations for the functions were made by me when I was playing around with another project. I have uploaded them to Wikimedia Commons, you can find actual png pictures there. ~drummyfish }
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```
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <math.h>
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#define W 55
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#define H 30
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// helper stuff:
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char palette[] = "WM0KXkxocl;:,'. ";
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double min(double a, double b) { return a < b ? a : b; }
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double max(double a, double b) { return a > b ? a : b; }
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double absMy(double x) { return x < 0 ? -1 * x : x; }
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double gauss(double x) { return exp((-1 * x * x) / 2); }
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double tri(double x)
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{
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x = absMy(x);
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int whole = x;
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double frac = x - whole;
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return whole % 2 ? 1 - frac : frac;
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}
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void drawFunction(double (*f)(double, double), double xFrom, double yFrom,
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double xTo, double yTo)
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{
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double v1 = 0xffffffff, v2 = -1 * v1;
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double sX = (xTo - xFrom) / W, sY = (yTo - yFrom) / H;
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for (int y = 0; y < H; ++y)
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for (int x = 0; x < W; ++x)
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{
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double v = f(xFrom + x * sX,yFrom + y * sY);
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if (v > v2)
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v2 = v;
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if (v < v1)
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v1 = v;
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}
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v2 -= v1;
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if (v2 == 0)
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v2 = 0.0001;
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for (int y = 0; y < H; ++y)
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{
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for (int x = 0; x < W; ++x)
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putchar(palette[(int) (15 *
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((min(v2,max(0,f(xFrom + x * sX,yFrom + y * sY) - v1))) / v2))]);
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putchar('\n');
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}
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}
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// ==== ACTUAL INTERESTING FUNCTIONS HERE ===
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double fSnakes(double x, double y)
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{
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return sqrt(tri(x + sqrt(tri(x + 0.4 * sin(y*3)))));
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}
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double fYinYang(double x, double y)
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{
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double r = sin(1.2 * y + 2.5 * sin(x) + 2 * cos(2.25 * y) * sin(x));
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return log(2 * sqrt(absMy(r)) - r);
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}
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double fSwirl(double x, double y)
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{
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return gauss(
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fmod((x * x),(absMy(sin(x + y)) + 0.001)) +
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fmod((y * y),(absMy(sin(x - y)) + 0.001)));
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}
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int main(void)
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{
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drawFunction(fSwirl,-2,-2,2,2);
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putchar('\n');
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drawFunction(fSnakes,-1,-1,2,2);
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putchar('\n');
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drawFunction(fYinYang,-4,-4,4,4);
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}
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```
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TODO: some example with noise
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